the walls, which still exist, show traces of Sir Walter Butler, who was in command, numerous sieges. Continuing our route from Limerick Station to Goold's-cross Station, whence it is a drive of five miles to Cashel, formerly the residence of the kings of Munster, and a place of considerable interest in a historical point of view, as well as for its peculiar ruins, situated on a high rock which rises some 300 feet above the modern town. A church was founded here in the time of St. Patrick; it was also made into a strong-hold in the days of Brian Boroihme. Donald O'Brien, king of Limerick, paid homage here to Henry II. during his invasion of Ireland, and Edward the Bruce here held a Parliament. The buildings on the rock are a castle and a group of ecclesiastical buildings, consisting of a cathedral, monastery, a church, and some towers. The cathedral was burned in the 15th century by the Earl of Kildare, supposing the archbishop was inside. In excusing himself before the king, he said he would not have committed the act had he known the bishop was not in the cathedral. Contiguous to the cathedral is a cemetery, in which stands a cross called the Cross of Cashel, on one side of which is an effigy of St. Patrick. The Dominican Priory, situated on one of the back streets, should also be visited; it is a fine old view. Twentyfour miles from Dublin we arrive at the town of Kildare, where is the railroad junction to Waterford through Kilkenny. Travelers wishing to visit Kilkenny or Waterford, coming from Dublin, should take the branch line at Kildare to Waterford, and then the line from Waterford to Limerick, passing through Tipperary, and vice versa. The town of Kilkenny contains a population of 13,000 inhabitants, showing a gradual decrease. In 1841 it contained 19,000, and in '51, 15,000. The "roving blades" of Kilkenny evidently know where they are best cared for, and the emigration to the United States is large and regular, The principal attraction is Ormond Castle, the princely mansion of the Butlers, whose ancestors purchased it from the Pembroke family in 1319: it was stormed by Cromwell in 1650, and a breach effected, but the besiegers were every time repulsed; the townspeople, however, proving traitors, and admitting the besiegers into the city, deeming a longer resistance useless, and to save the unnecessary effusion of blood, surrendered. The greater portion of the castle is modern, and at present not only conveys the idea of strength, but of comfort. It is the present residence of the Marquis of Ormond, and contains a fine picturegallery. The Cathedral of St. Canice is one of the most interesting buildings in Ireland. Among the numerous monuments it contains is one to the Countess of Ormond, wife of the eighth earl. She was an amazon, and lived in the style of Rob Roy, levying black-mail on her less powerful neighbors. Kilkenny abounds in ruins of much interest, and several days may be very pleasantly spent here. Waterford.-Hotel Cummins.-The population of this city remains about stationary; in 1841 it contained 22,000 inhabitants, in 1851, 23,000, and in 1861, 22,000. It contains nothing of interest to the trayeler. Dublin is very beautifully situated on the banks of the Liffy, and contains a population of 255,000-a falling off of three thousand in the last ten years, but a gain of twenty-three during the last twenty years. There are two very fine hotels in Dublin, the Shelbourne and Gresham, and we would advise all travelers to stop at one or the other. The Shelbourne is a new house, splendidly situated on Stephens's Green, finely furnished, and admirably managed. The Gresham is situated in Sackville Street, the principal street in the city, and is admirably conducted by its present manager, who has made many great improvements. Dublin is the metropolis of the island, and is distinguished by the magnificence of its public buildings and by its numerous splendid residences, and is justly regarded, in external appearance, as one of the finest cities in Europe. It was first taken by the English under Richard Strongbow in 1169. Henry II. held his first court here in 1172, and in 1210 King John held a court, when the first bridge was thrown across the Liffy. It was besieged by Edward Bruce in 1316, when he was repulsed with great loss; likewise by Henry VIII. with the same effect. Dublin is the umes, and many valuable manuscripts. The museum is rich in interesting relics, among which is the harp of Brian Boroihme, and the charter-horn of King O'Kavanagh, Near the library is the Fellows' Garden, in which is situated the Magnetic Observatory, the first ever established of the kind. The students of Trinity College number about 1400. seat of a Protestant University, styled contains a library of nearly 20,000 volTrinity College, which dates its foundation from the time of Queen Elizabeth. There are, besides, academies and other institutions for the culture of science, literature, and the fine arts. The amount of the commerce of Dublin is considerable. Both foreign and coasting trade are extensively carried on. As the mouth of the Liffy is so obstructed by sand-banks that large vessels can not reach the city, an admirable harbor has been constructed at Kingston, six miles from the city, with which it is connected by railway. The principal objects of attraction in Dublin are, first, the Castle, the official residence of the lord lieutenant since the reign of Elizabeth, at which time it was devoted to this use; the chief attraction of which is its beautiful chapel, built of Irish limestone and oak. Its elegantly-stained glass windows contain the arms of all the different lord lieutenants most admirably executed. The music one hears here every Sunday forenoon is most excellent. The different state apartments may be visited at all times, unless when occupied during the season, when the viceroy gives his levees, when all Dublin who is any body goes. Try to visit the court-yard of the Castle in the forenoon during the time the band plays. Christ's Church Cathedral, or the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, was erected in the 11th century. It is built in the form of a cross. It contains a monument said to be that of Strongbow. This church was formerly the repository of many valuable relics, which were destroyed by the citizens in the 16th century, among others the staff of St. Patrick; it also contained the sacred shrine of St. Culie, which was stolen from the Welsh by the people of Dublin, and which was held in high veneration by the citizens. Pilgrims came from far and near to worship before it, and while in Dublin they enjoyed the right of sanctuary. It was in this church that the Liturgy was first read in Ireland in the English language; and in 1553 mass was again performed, and continued for six years, by order of Queen Mary, when the reformed service took its place. Travelers remaining in Dublin during Sunday will do well to visit the Cathedral, where they will have some delightful music from a full choir. On our way to the Castle, a visit should be made to the Bank of Ireland in College Green, formerly the Irish House of Parliament, and decidedly the finest building in St. Patrick's Cathedral.-This structure, Dublin, if not in Ireland. It was com- dear to all Irishmen, was erected about the pleted in 1787, at a cost of $500,000. The close of the 12th century. The original House of Lords remains the same as when structure, however, antedates this by many finished, with the exception that a statue hundred years; in fact, it is affirmed that of George III. now stands where formerly St. Patrick erected a place of worship here, the throne stood. There are two fine which was the site of the well where he tapestries, representing the Battle of the originally baptized his converts. There Boyne Water and the Siege of Derry. are numerous monuments in the interior The House of Commons is used to-day as of this cathedral; that of Boyle, earl of the Teller's Office. Orders are freely given Cork, is particularly deserving of notice. by the secretary of the bank for admission The earl and his lady are represented surto see the operation of printing the bank-rounded by sixteen of their children: connotes. The General Post-office, on Sackville Street, is also another fine building which should be examined. Immediately opposite the Bank is Trinity College, which was founded by Queen Elizabeth, and from which has emanated some of the greatest wits of modern times. It covers an area of nearly thirty acres, tiguous to this monument are two marble slabs, which cover the resting-places of Dean Swift and Mrs. Johnston, the "Stella" of his poetry. The Lady Chapel was formerly used as the chapter-house for the Knights of St. Patrick. The principal other churches are St. George's, St. Michan's, St. Audeon's, St. Andrew's, and St. Werburg's. the summit. A fee of sixpence is demanded for ascending. The Irish National Gallery contains some fine paintings and sculpture. It is situated on the north side of Leinster Lawn, and was opened in 1864. On the opposite side of the square is the Museum of Natural History. The Royal Irish Academy should also be visited. A member's introduction is necThe museum contains a fine col lection of antiquities. The Four Courts, a magnificent and extensive structure, which cost over one million of dollars, so called on account of the object for which it was erected, viz., the Courts of Queen's Bench, Common Pleas, Chancery, and Exchequer. The river front is 450 feet long, and has a fine portico of six Corinthian columns supporting a pediment surmounted by a statue of Moses, with figures of Justice and Mercy on either hand. The building is crowned by a mag-essary. nificent dome, under which is the grand hall, 64 feet in diameter, and lighted by a figure of Truth holding a torch in her hand. From this hall, which in term time is the great resort of lawyers, doors lead into the four different courts. Over the entrances are four pictures worthy of notice: first, James I. abolishing the Brehon laws, Henry II. granting a charter to the inhabitants, John signing the Magna Charta, and William the Conqueror establishing courts of justice. In addition to the Four Courts, there are two wings which contain other smaller courts and offices. The Custom-house is, externally considered, the finest building in Dublin. It was erected at an expense of two and a half millions of dollars, and occupied ten years in building. Over the portico, which is composed of Doric columns, are colossal statues of Navigation, Wealth, Commerce, and Industry. On the tympanum is a sculpture representing the Union of England and Ireland. On the north side of the building is a portico nearly similar, with figures of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. The whole building is surmounted by a dome, on which is a colossal statue of Hope. Seen from every side, the Custom-house is a very beautiful building. The Exchange, in Dame Street, is also deserving of a visit. Nelson's Monument, which stands in the centre of Sackville Street, is a beautiful testimonial erected by the Irish admirers of that hero. The pedestal is of granite, thirty feet high, bearing the names of Nelson's different victories. The Doric column is seventy feet in height, and is surmounted by a fine statue of the hero, erected by Thomas Kirk, thirteen feet in height, which stands on another pedestal. Nelson is represented leaning against the capstan of a ship. A magnificent view of the city and surrounding country may be had from It won't do to say to a citizen of Dublin that you have visited the city and not Phonix Park, which the natives think superior to any thing in the world! We only say to American travelers, don't expect to find a Central Park of New York, a Bois de Boulogne of Paris, or a Cascine of Florence. The portion open to the public is 1300 acres in extent, and contains many magnificent trees and fine carriage-drives, but no diversity of scenery, beautiful lakes, walks, flowers, and fountains, such as you see in Central Park, which we think, in years, when the trees obtain sufficient growth, will be far superior to any thing in the world. The principal object of interest in the Phonix Park is the Wellington Testimonial. It is a massive obelisk, placed on a granite pedestal, on which are written the various victories gained by England's greatest warrior. It is about 200 feet in height, and cost $100,000. The vice-regal lodge of the lord lieutenant is situated in the Park, and near which are the Zoological Gardens. They are quite extensive, and, though not well filled, the collection is varied. A visit should be made to the Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin, about two miles from Dublin, near which is the Cemetery, containing numerous fine monuments, among others those of Daniel O'Connell and Curran. They are both of massive granite, the former one hundred and sixty feet high, surmounted by a cross eight feet high. There are numerous excursions in the vicinity of Dublin, which, if the traveler has time, he had better make; and, should he not be crossing the Channel from Kingston (eight miles from Dublin), he had better make an excursion to that town, which is the harbor of Dublin, and from which steamers are arriving and departing several times each day to England, Scotland and Wales. The light-house and St. Fintan's Church should also be noticed. A fine excursion can be made to Galway and the west of Ireland if one has plenty of time, and the mountains and lakes of Connemara will well repay the visit. The distance to Galway is 126 miles; time, 51 hours; fare, $5 50. Kingston, now somewhat of a fashionable | which illustrates the event. A full-length watering-place, was, in 1821, a miserable portrait of the celebrated Dean Swift may fishing-village called Dunleary. On the also be seen here. occasion of George IV. visiting Ireland and landing at this port, its name was changed to Kingston, and its prosperity commenced from that date. The harbor is entirely artificial, and is one of the finest in the kingdom; its cost was two and a half millions of dollars. The railway runs along the pier, where passengers may change immediately to the sailing packet under shelter Fifteen miles from Dublin we pass Mayduring stormy weather. The principal nooth, where may be seen the fine buildings hotels are Royal and Anglesey Arms. A of the Royal College of St. Patrick, which, most interesting excursion of three days after long debate in the British Parliament may be made by continuing on to Bray, a during the present reign, was permanently watering-place of very modern construc- endowed for the education of five hundred tion, Enniskerry, the Dargle, the Seven priests. None but those destined for the Churches, Vale of Avoca, and Wicklow. priesthood can enter here, and the course For particulars of this excursion, see some of study requires eight years. The most of the monthly local guides. conspicuous object seen on the arrival at the station is the tower of the castle of Kildare, erected in the fifteenth century. It is at present the property of the Duke of Leinster, and will well repay a visit. Fifty miles from Dublin we pass through Mullingar, a town of considerable importance, whence a branch railroad of 24 miles leads to Sligo. An excursion should also be made to the Hill of Howth, an elevated promontory at the northern entrance to Dublin harbor. It rises nearly 600 feet above the level of the sea. Its castle, abbey, and college are well worth a visit. The castle is the family seat of the Lawrences, who have held it for the last seven hundred years. The family name was formerly Tristrane, but Sir Amirec Tristrane de Valence, having won a battle on St. Lawrence's day, then took the name of that saint. The sword of that famous warrior still hangs in the chapel. There is rather a romantic story in connection with this family, which, if true, shows the regard posterity has in some instances for a pledge given by their ancestors. During the reign of Elizabeth, one Grace O'Malley, an amazon chieftainess, returning from a visit to the queen, landed at Howth, and demanded hospitality of the castle's owner, which he for some reason refused, it is said, because he was at dinner. The amazon determined to have revenge for the insult, and to lie in wait for an opportunity, which happened in finding the child the heir to the house within her reach. Having seized him, he was kept in close confinement until she abstracted a vow from the father that on no account hereafter should the castle gates be closed during the hour of dinner, and the promise was most religiously kept until a recent period. There is a painting in the castle Sligo is situated in the Bay of Sligo, and contains a population of nearly 11,000. The town is not remarkable for cleanliness, but its abbey, built in the 13th century, is a splendid ruin, and its contiguity to one of the loveliest lakes in Ireland, viz., Lough Gill, is deserving the notice of travelers. The Imperial Hotel is the best, and is situated immediately in front of the abbey. The lake is best reached by taking a boat up the River Garvoge about three miles. Through this stream the lake empties its waters into the Bay of Sligo. Ten miles from Mullingar we arrive at Athlone, noted principally for its siege in 1691, when the army of William III. hurled against its walls and castles over twelve thousand cannon-balls. This town is an important military station, containing barracks for two thousand men, and fifteen thousand stand of arms. We next reach Athenry, renowned in Irish history for the many desperate encounters between the English and Irish forces, also for its castle, built in the 13th century, and admirably preserved, and its Dominican abbey, one of the finest ruins in Ireland. but little to detain the traveler here, if we except the ruins of the abbey of St. Mary d'Urso and the abbey of the Dominicans; even these are difficult to see from their position. The spinning of flax is now the principal occupation of the inhabitants. The River Boyne is here crossed by a magnificent bridge, from which a fine view may be had. memory. Passing on the left the ruined Castle Dorrydonnell, we now obtain a fine view of Galway, the capital of the west of Ireland, and the fifth city of Ireland in point of population and commerce. Attached to the railway station there is a fine hotel. Galway contained in 1861 a population of 16,448 inhabitants, being a falling off in ten years of nearly four thousand. The town is situated on the bay of the same The Boyne is celebrated in history, the name, where the western lakes of Ireland banks of which being the battle-ground pour out their surplus waters. The city where the forces of James II. and those of owes considerable of its importance to its his son-in-law, William, prince of Orange, commerce with Spain, and its intercourse met July 1st, 1690. The engagement is with that country may be seen in every known as the "Battle of the Boyne." The direction, not only in the architecture of forces were equally divided, 30,000 on a the houses and appearance of the streets, side. The prince was the victor. James but in the natives; one sees on every side fled to France, and the victory secured to dark eyes and dark hair, and black eyes the country liberty, law, and religion. The and yellow hair are by no means of rare brave Duke of Schomberg, who commandoccurrence. The principal public build-ed the prince's forces, was killed on the ings are the Queen's College, Custom- field: see the monument erected to his House, Chamber of Commerce, Royal InKohl says, "James displayed stitution, Collegiate Church of St. Nicholas, some monasteries and nunneries. There are also several breweries, distilleries, and numerous founderies. Galway was brought conspicuously before our countrymen a few years since as the terminus of the "Lever" line of steamers, running between New York and Ireland. Travelers, before leav-theless, James sought to throw the blame ing Galway, should visit the quarter called Gladdagh, which is exclusively occupied by a peculiar set of people, mostly fishermen, who never mix nor intermarry with the other inhabitants. They have a chief among themselves, who decides all disputes, and who receives the title of King of the Gladdagh. A little farther westward of this place a beautiful view of the bay and islands of Arran may be had. These islands, celebrated by the poet Moore "Oh, Arranmore, loved Arranmore"-may be visited by boats from Galway, which go every few days. Tourists visiting Connemara generally make Galway their starting-point. Three or four days or a week may be very pleasantly spent in this delightful district. From Dublin to Belfast, through Drogheda and Dundalk, distance 112 miles; fare, 5; time, four hours. From Dublin to Drogheda the distance is 32 miles. This town is pleasantly situated on the River Boyne, and contains nearly 15,000 inhabitants. Imperial Hotel the best. There is but little courage in this memorable battle. He abandoned the field even before the battle was decided, and made a ride of unexampled rapidity through Ireland. In a few hours he reached the castle of Dublin, and on the following day he rode to Waterford, a distance of 100 miles. Never On ar of the whole defeat on the Irish. The linen trade, which is very extensive |