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TABLE 1.-Hospital Cases enumerated in the first week of January, 1842.

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TABLE 1.-Hospital Cases enumerated in the first week of January, 1842.—

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Progress of the Two Sicilies under the Spanish Bourbons, from the Year 1734-35 to 1840. By JOHN GOODWIN, Esq., Her Majesty's Consul for Sicily.(Continued from p. 73.)

CHAPTER IX.

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REIGN OF FERDINAND II. OVER THE TWO SICILIES, FROM 1830 тo 1840. Naples. Population-Agriculture - Manufactures - Inland Trade Trade with Sicily-Foreign Trade-Government-Legislature-Justice - Finances Army and Navy-Education-The Clergy. Sicily-Population-The Peasantry-Agriculture-Sulphur Mines-The Sulphur Local Government- Public

Contract-Manufactures-Fisheries-Commerce

Charities-Finances-Education The Church.

Naples. At the accession of the reigning sovereign in 1830, the inhabitants of the realm of Naples amounted to 5,732,114: at the end of 1840, they had increased to the number of 6,177,598.

The Neapolitan peasantry, who form the bulk of the population, are a rough but kind-hearted set of people, who only require to be well used and honestly treated to become good subjects and hard labourers. Hitherto their masters have dealt with them harshly, and met with a corresponding return. In Calabria the peasants generally live in villages, whence they go forth daily to their work in the field. During nine months in the year the day labourer earns about 6s. a-week; during the other three, or during the harvest and vintage, he gets double wages. In some parts the unmarried labourer is lodged and boarded by his master; whilst the married man has a cottage rent-free, about 4d. a-day, and a monthly allowance of Indian corn, wine, and oil. In the capital and in large towns, artizans and mechanics are paid partly by the job and partly by the day, according to the custom of their several trades. Thus, in the woollen manufacture, the weaver is paid about 12s. for a piece of cloth, 45 yards long by 11 yard wide. In the silk manufacture, on the other hand, the weaver is paid by time, and earns from 2s. to 2s. 6d. a-day, according to circumstances. The latter is the usual rate of a mechanic's wages in the capital; in the country, the rate is much lower.

The Neapolitan territory is said to be thus appropriated to the purposes of agriculture.

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Square miles.

12,000

1,000

3,000

500

6,500

9,000

32,000

The chief products of husbandry are corn, wine, oil, cotton, flax, hemp, liquorice-paste, silk, and wool.

The average crop of wheat is 5,500,000 imperial quarters, and the yearly consumption about 5,000,000 quarters, being at the rate of about four-fifths of a quarter for each inhabitant; but in abundant harvests the crop often amounts to nearly 10,000,000 quarters. The annual produce of Indian corn (the second element of public consumption,) is about 500,000

imperial quarters. The yearly production of wine is about 400,000 pipes, the principal part of which is consumed at home. About 13,000 pipes are made into brandy at the distilleries near the capital, and about 250 tons of argols and cream of tartar are prepared for foreign markets. -About 70,000 tuns of olive oil are expressed yearly, half of which is consumed at home. Of the quantity exported, the greater part is produced in Apulia and Calabria. In the former province the chief loading place is Gallipoli, which supplies England, Holland, and the north of Europe with clarified oils for the use of the woollen manufactures. The yearly crop of cotton is about 10,000 tons. The annual production of raw silk is about 1,000,000 lbs., of which about half is consumed at home. The Apulian wool is of so coarse and harsh a quality as to require to be mixed with Merino (a breed of which sheep is domesticated in Abruzzo,) or with foreign staples, before it can be woven into cloth of even moderate fineness.

The chief manufactures are those of woollens, leather, silks, cottons, paper, soap, glass, earthenware, steel, and iron. The woollen factories produce yearly about 6,000 pieces of fine cloth for the markets of Naples and Palermo, and from 60 to 80,000 pieces of coarse cloth for the use of the peasantry and fishermen. The tanneries render yearly 8,000 bales of leather, the quality of which depends much on the mode of preparation. Where bark is used, the leather is good and lasting: but where myrtle leaves are substituted, the product is spongy and rotten. The yearly production of organzine and sewing silk is about 145,000 lbs., whereof 120,000 lbs. are exported. Three hundred looms are commonly employed in the weaving of silks, chiefly for home consumption. The principal seat of this manufacture is Caserta, where 700 or 800 weavers produce annually from 2,000 to 3,000 pieces of silk, somewhat inferior to the French and English.

The cotton manufacture in both its branches is principally in the hands of Swiss and German capitalists. The spinning mills are those of David Vonwiller and Co., of Salerno, and of Escher and Co., of the same place; of Egg, at Piedimonte, and of Mayer and Zollinger, at Scafati. These mills, where the cotton spun is the growth of Naples and Sicily, contain 29,500 spindles, which produce yearly 9,900 cantars (1,940,000 lbs.) of yarn, from No. 3 to No. 32 English. At Vonwiller's, 9,000 spindles, moved by steam and water power, produce yearly 3,000 cantars (588,000 lbs.) of yarn, from No. 3 to No. 30 English. At Escher's, 10,000 spindles moved by water, produce yearly 3,000 cantars (588,000 lbs.) of yarn, from No. 6 to No. 30 English. At Eggs, 7,500 spindles, moved by water, produce yearly 2,700 cantars (529,200 lbs.) of yarn, from No. 3 to No. 32 English. At Mayer and Zollinger, 3,000 spindles, moved by steam, produce yearly 1,200 cantars (235,200 lbs.) of yarn, from No. 3 to No. 18.

At all these factories the hours of labour are 13 daily. At Vonwiller's factory, the number of work-people is 200, viz., 100 men, 30 women, and 70 children. At Escher's, the number is 300, viz., 150 men, 50 women, and 100 children. The wages of labour are the same at both, viz., for men, from 35 to 45 grains a-day, (1s. 2d. to 1s. 6d.,) women from 20 to 25 grains, (8d. to 10d.,) children from 12 to 18 (5d. to 7d.)

The weaving mills are those of Schläpper, Wenner, and Co. of

Salerno and Angri, Egg of Piedimonte, Mayer and Zollinger of Scafati, and Angelo, Avelloni, and Co. of the same place. At these mills, 96,000 pieces of 10 canes (231 yards) of cotton cloth are produced yearly for dying and printing. At Schläpper, Wenner, and Co. 140. power looms, moved by steam, and 250 hand looms, with the fly shuttle, produce yearly from 1,000 cantars (196,000 lbs.) of English yarn, Nos. 30 to 40, 50,000 pieces. At Egg's, 50 power looms, and 250 hand looms, with the fly shuttle, produce yearly from English yarn 25,000 pieces. At Mayer and Zollinger's, 250 hand looms, with the fly shuttle, use yearly 500 cantars (98,000 lbs.) Turkey red yarn, and produce 15,000 pieces. At Angelo, Avelloni, and Co. 6,000 pieces are produced annually from Turkey red yarn. At the last two factories the weft is of Nos. 28 to 32, and the warp of Nos. 36 to 42 English, half and half. The hours of labour at all these factories are 13 daily, as in the spinning mills.

The number of work-people employed in these factories is 2,650, viz., 620 men, 1,220 women, and 810 children. The wages of labour vary considerably.

Men earn, per diem, from 20 to 40 grains,
Women

Children

8d. to ls. 4d.

15 to 30

6d. to 1s.

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The foremen and overlookers, who are foreigners, both in the spinning and weaving factories, receive from 3s. 4d. to 5s. a-day.

There are besides about 8,000 hand looms, belonging to small manufacturers at Castellammare, Scafati, Angri, La Cara and Naples, of which 7,500 have the common shuttle, and 500 the fly. These produce about 500,000 pieces a-year, making, with the factory looms, a total production of 597,000 pieces.

At the above factories the bleaching is done with English powder, and the printing with Swiss and English machinery. Most of the cotton drills, nankeens, &c., which formerly came from England, are now made in Naples.

The linen manufacture gives employment to about 400 hand looms.

About 1,500 tons of malleable, and 500 tons of pig iron, are made yearly in the realm. The best iron is that made at the Satriano founderies in Calabria, from ore brought from Elba. From 300 to 400 tons are produced per annum.

The inland trade of Naples has become active since carriage roads have been constructed in all parts of the realm. The trade of the capital is much promoted by the establishment of a national bank.

The bank of the Two Sicilies is a bank of deposit and circulation, issuing transferable notes in exchange for national specie: it is likewise in some degree a Monte di Pietà, or public pawnbroking establishment, advancing money upon plate, jewels, silks, and woollens, deposited as security for loans. In one of its departments, called the Cassa di Sconto, merchants' bills, at six months' date, with three signatures, are discounted at 3 per cent.

The coasting trade between the Two Sicilies has reached a high degree of importance since 1823, (when free trade was first established between the united countries,) as will be seen from the following

abstract made in 1836.

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