one entangled, This will now no longer be the case. M. Moreau has at length furnished us with the clue, and, to a certain extent at least, there is no danger of any one being again lost in the intricate and dark labyrinth of Leadenhall Street.

Persons interested in watching the operations of the East India Company, with M. Moreau's work before them, will soon become familiar with the various revolutions experienced, since the year 1600, in the revenue, expenditure, debt, assets, trade and navigation of this gigantic corporation, in its relations with the presidencies of Bengal, Madras and Bombay, as well as with all the secondary establishments depending on these three principal divisions. As far as regards ourselves, we sincerely regret that the want of room does not allow us the opportunity of analizing M. Moreau's work in a more special and comprehensive manner; but we promise him and our readers that, if America, the principal object of our present labours, should at any time call forth his luminous investigations, we will reserve for him a place in our Magazine, adapted to the importance of the subject he treats, and the zeal with which he endeavours to enlarge the circle of human knowledge.

THE

AMERICAN MONITOR:

No. VI.

A MONTHLY

Political, Historical, and Commercial

MAGAZINE,

PARTICULARLY DEVOTED TO THE

AFFAIRS OF SOUTH AMERICA.

HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS.

BRAZIL.

TREATY MADE BETWEEN HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY AND HIS MOST FAITHFUL MAJESTY, ON THE ACKNOWLEDGÉMENT OF THE EMPEROR OF BRAZIL, AUGUST THE 29, 1825, AND RATIFIED BY HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR ON THIS DAY.

In the name of the most holy and indivisible Trinity.

His Most Faithful Majesty having constantly in his royal mind the most lively desire to re-establish peace, friendship, and good harmony, between sister nations whom the most sacred ties ought VOL. II. No. 6.

X X

to conciliate and unite in perpetual alliance, in order to accomplish these important ends, to conduce to general prosperity, and to secure the political existence and the future destinies of Portugal, as well as those of Brazil; and desiring at once to renounce every obstacle that might impede the said alliance, concord, and happiness of both states, by his diploma of the 13th of May of the current year, recognizes Brazil to hold the name of an independent empire, and separate from the kingdom of Portugal and Algarve, and his best beloved and esteemed son, Don Pedro, as emperor, yielding and transferring of his own free will the sovereignty of the aforesaid empire to his aforesaid son, and his legitimate successor, only taking and reserving for his own person the same title. And these august lords, accepting the mediation of his Britannic Majesty to adjust all preliminary questions regarding the separation of the two states, have named plenipotentiaries, to wit His Imperial Majesty names the most illustrious and most excellent Luiz Joze de Carvalho e Mello, of the Council of State, Dignitary of the Imperial Order of the Southern Cross, Commander of the Orders of Christ and of the Conception, and Minister and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; also the most illustrious and most Excellent Baron de Santo Amaro, Grandee of the Empire, of the Council of State, Gentleman of the Imperial Chamber, Dignitary of the Imperial Order of the Southern Cross, Knight of the Order of Christ and of the Tower and Sword; and also the most Illustrious and most Excellent Francisco Villela Barboza, of the Council of State, Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Southern Cross, Knight of the Order of Christ, Colonel of the Imperial Corps of Engineers, Minister and Secretary of State for the Naval Department, and Inspector General of Marines.

His Most Faithful Majesty names the Right Hon. his Excellency Sir Charles Stuart, Privy Councellor of his Britannic Majesty, Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword and of the Bath; and full powers having been presented and exchanged, they have

agreed, in conformity with the principles laid down in the preamble, that the present treaty should be framed.

Art 1. His Most Faithful Majesty recognizes Brazil to hold the rank of an empire, independent and separate from the kingdoms of Portugal and Algarve, and his best beloved and esteemed son, Don Pedro, as emperor, yielding and transferring of his own free will, the sovereignty of the said empire to his said son and his legitimate successors, his Most Faithful Majesty only taking and reserving the same title for his own person.

Art. 2. His Imperial Majesty, as an acknowledgment of respect and affection for his august Father and Lord, Don John VI., agrees that his Most Faithful Majesty in his own person assume the title of Emperor.

Art. 3. His Imperial Majesty promises not to accept the proposals of any Portuguese colonies whatever, to unite themselves with Brazil.

Art. 4. Henceforth there shall be peace and alliance and the most perfect friendship between the empire of Brazil and the kingdoms of Portugal and Algarve, with perfect oblivion of the past dissentions between the respective nations.

Art. 5. The subjects of both nations, Brazilians and Portuguese, shall be considered in the respective states as those of the most favoured and friendly nations, and their rights and property shall be religiously guarded and protected; it being understood that the owners of real estates shall be maintained in the peaceable possessions of such estates.

Art. 6. All property, whether real, personal, or moveable, sequestered or confiscated, and belonging to the subjects of the two Sovereigns of Brazil and Portugal, shall be forthwith restored, together with their arrears, deducting the expenses of the administration thereof; or their proprietors shall be indemnified accordding to the rules laid down in the first article.

Art. 7. All ships and cargoes taken, belonging to the subjects of both Sovereigns, shall be in like manner restored, or their owners indemnified.