The Kärnthnerthor Theatre was, before the erection of the new opera, the fashionable opera house.

THE PRATER, the principal promenade of the Viennese, is a wood which occupies the south-eastern part of an island, in the Danube, to the north of the suburb of Leopoldstadt. It is divided into the upper and lower Prater. The high street of the Jägerzeile is the principal avenue which leads from the city to the wood. It terminates at a point called the Praterstern, and is continued across the wood to the Danube. From this point another avenue leads to the Lusthaus, a restaurant. Thence again, a bridge crossing the river leads to the race-course. The enormous edifice constructed for the WORLD'S FAIR OF 1873 was in the Prater. The entrance was on the Great Avenue, about half a mile from the Praterstern.

Since the disastrous campaign of 1859, and more especially since the terrible calamities suffered by the Imperial forces in

the summer of 1866, the conmerce and population of Vienna have increased to an extent that appears almost miraculous to those who were acquainted with the city 20 years ago. With its suburbs the Austrian capital numbers more than three quarters of a million of inhabitants; its Opera House and Conservatoire are unrivalled in Europe; and the Rings, when completed, will be the finest streets in the world. The municipality does not, however, limit its enterprise to mere embellishment; it has recently undertaken a costly and magnificent system of water-supply, now being carried out; and has, moreover, with the aid of the Duchy of Nether-Austria, commenced the great work of regulating the Danube in such wise as to enable Vienna to receive and transmit an enormous quantity of raw produce and manufactured goods by water. Quays and warehouses form a part of this gigantic project, the inauguration of which took place a short time back in the presence of the Emperor.

The neighbourhood of Vienna, on the right bank of the Danube, is very charming. All the interesting points may be visited by omnibus or rail.

SCHONBRUNN, the Imperial summer palace, is situated at half an hour's distance south-east from Vienna. This palace, formerly a hunting lodge of the Emperor Matthias, was enlarged and finished in 1775 by the Empress Maria Theresa. Napoleon occupied it in 1805 and 1809; its apartments were more recently occupied by the Duke of Reichstadt, his son, who died there the 2nd of July, 1832. The fine double staircase, the theatre, and the orangery of 740 trees, are remarkable. The palace contains

1,500 chambers; behind it extends the large park, open to the public. The grand parterre is adorned with 32 statues, and a large basin with two fountains in front of the principal façade. At the bottom of the park, on a hill, is the Gloriette, a colonnade which commands a charming view. There are also in the grounds a Roman ruin; and the Schöne Brunnen, or beautiful fountain, which gave the name to the palace, with a group representing an Undine, by Beyer, and the monument of Maria Theresa. A Zoological and a Botanic garden are connected with the park.

Across the park is the village of Hietzing, which contains a great number of villas and country houses, amongst others, the villa of the Duke of Brunswick; it also contains a theatre, and several public gardens. Near Schönbrunn is also the village of Penzing.

At Baden are some alkaline and sulphurous springs and baths, frequented from the middle of May to the middle of October.

LAXENBURG is an Imperial summer-palace, which is reached by a branch of the southern railway in of an hour. Its divisions are distinguished as the "old castle," dating from 1693; and the "new castle," or Blue House, from the 18th century. It was the favourite abode of Maria Theresa, Joseph II., Francis I., and is a residence of the present Emperor. The church contains a picture by Van Dyck, and in the apartments are admirable pictures by Canaletto, and a group of Meleager, by Beyer.

The large park is one of the finest in Europe, and is traversed by the River Schwechat, which forms a lake with several islands. On one of the islets is the Fran

senburg, a small castle built in true mediæval style. It contains a hall of arms, a collection of objects of art, a chapel, &c. Amongst the objects of art may be specially mentioned the armour of Charles V. and Philip II., and 17 marble statues of princes of the house of Hapsburg.

ROUTE 119.

VIENNA TO DRESDEN, BY PRAGUE.

375 miles; 1st class, 27 fl. 65 kr; 2nd, 20 ft. 83 kr.; 3rd, 14 fl. 3 kr.

EAVING Vienna we pass Florisdorf and Wagram, near which latter the great battle of the 5th and 6th July, 1809, took place between the French and Austrians. From Günzerndorf (19 miles), a branch goes to Presburg and Pesth. Near Dürnkruth, we obtain a view of the lesser range of the Carpathian mountains. now go near the River March, the boundary between Hungary and Austria, and passing Hohenau,

We

ascend the valley of the Thaya, and reach LUNDENBURG (52 miles). Here a branch line goes to Olmütz. On the left, near Suits (61 miles), rises the lofty belvedere in the park of Prince Liechtenstein. Crossing a viaduct we reach Raigern. Here is an ancient Benedictine monastery, founded in 1048 by Duke Bretislaw, with a handsome church, and a good library. BRUNN (95 miles). (Hotels: Neuhauser, Kaiser von Oesterreich), population 55,000. This town, the capital of Moravia, is situated near the confluence of the Schwartzawa and the Zwittawa, The Castle of Spielberg, now a prison, was the place of confinement of Baron Trenck and Silvio Pellico. Trenck died here in 1749. Pellico with other Italian patriots, was confined here from 1822 to 1830. The Church of the Capuchins contains the tomb of Baron Trenck. The Dikasterial Gebäude, formerly an Augustine convent, is now a government office. The Moravian National Museum contains a library, and a collection of antiquities. Brünn is celebrated for its extensive cloth manufactories. Leaving Brünn we pass some places of no interest, and reach Zwittan (139 miles), a walled town of 3.200 inhabitants, having a considerable trade in cloth and linen. About 14 miles from Pardubitz (189 miles), is the field of Sadowa, the scene of the great battle fought in 1866 between the Prussians and Austrians. (Branch hine to Königgratz and Zittan.) Kolin (215 miles), (Hotel: Post), population 5,900. On the right we see an obelisk raised in 1842 to commemorate a victory gained by the Austrians over the Prussians under Frederick the Great in 1757, during the Seven Years' War. Passing some other places of no interest we reach

PRAGUE (256 miles), (Hotels: see "HOTEL APPENDIX "), population 185,000. The capital of Bohemia, and, next to Vienna, the principal town in the Empire of Austria. It is the seat of an arch-bishopric, and the residence of the principal officials of Bohemia. The nobles of Bohemia reside here during part of the year. Its site is a regular basin cut in two by the river. Viewed from the bridge, no city in Germany surpasses it in the grandeur of its appearance. It consists of four quarters, two on each side of the river, the Altstadt and Neustadt on the right, and the Kleinseite and Hradschin on the left bank. The Altstadt (the old town) lies along the right bank towards the north. Its streets are narrow, but being the principal seat of business, it contains the best shops. The Neustadt encloses the Altstadt on the north-east, east and south-east, and was formerly separated from it by walls and a ditch, which has been filled up. On the opposite side of the river occupying the bank and the northern portion is the Kleinseite, the abode of the Bohemian nobility, and the site of several remarkable palaces. The other quarter, the ilradschin, to the west and south of the Kleinseite, occupies the side of a steep hill, and contains fewer houses than the other quarters, but surpasses them in interest in consequence of the public edifices which it contains.

On quitting the terminus, and entering the Altstadt (old Town), we pass through the Pulverthurm (Powder Tower). This tower is in the Gothic style; it was built in the 14th century, by the citizens of Prague, in honour of King Ladislas II. It was formerly one of the eight gate-towers which gave access to the old town, and sepa

rated it from the Neustadt. The Pulverthurm adjoins, on the north side, the Königshof, an ancient Royal palace, now a barrack; this tower gives access to the Zeltnergasse, one of the principal streets in the old town. On the left stands the Palace of Justice, formerly the house of the commandant-general of the garrison. The Zeltnergasse leads to the Grosse Ring, the principal square in the old town. Here the ancient kings of Bohemia gave fetes and tournaments, and here, in 1621, twenty-seven ch eis of the Protestant party were executed. In the centre is the Mariensaule (Mary's column), erected in 1650, by the Emperor Ferdinand III., after the unsuccessful siege of Prague by the Swedes. Here is also a monumental fountain, erected under the Emperor Rudolph. The Rathhaus is on the west side of the Grosse Ring, and stands on the site of a more ancient one, built in the 14th century, of which there only remain the chapel, the great tower, and the southern façade containing the council-chamber. The present structure was erected between 1838 and 1849, and is in the Gothic style. The principal façade is adorned with the statues of six kings of Bohemia.

The east side of the Grosse Ring is occupied by the Kinsky Palace, the largest building in the old town, and the church called Teunkirche, the façade of which is masked by some old houses with arcades.

The Teunkirche is a Gothic building, built in 1407 by the German merchants of Prague, on the site of the old church, founded in the 9th century, of which the baptistery still exists. The towers, erected by King Podiebrad, are very fine; their roofs are each flanked by four small towers, also

roofed. Their height is upwards of 250 ft.

Near the Teynkirche is the Church of St. James, founded in 1225, by Ottakar I., and completed in 1261, by Venceslas I., who is buried here; it was restored in 1702. It contains the fine tomb of the canon Métrowitz, and twenty-two altars adorned with paintings, the chief of which represents the martyrdom of St. James.

From the Grosse Ring we proceed to the Kleine Ring and the Kleine Carlsgasse. Near the former is the great palace of ClamGallus, a chef d'oeuvre of the Italian style, built 1707-12. We next reach the Grosse Curlsgasse, of which the whole of one side is taken up by the Cementinum, formerly a Jesuits' college. The Emperor Ferdinand I., in 1556, summoned the Jesuits to Prague in order to oppose the Protestant tendencies of the university. The Emperor Joseph 11., after the departure of the Jesuits, converted it into a seminary. The structure comprises seven courts, two churches, and two chapels. The Clementinum composes part of the University of Prague; it contains a lyceum, a school, a library of 130,000 volumes, a museum of natural history, an observatory, halls of philosophy and theology, an academy of fine arts, &c.

The Salvatorkirche (Church of the Saviour), adjoins the Clementinum. Its façade faces the Brückenplatz. It was built by the Jesuits (1578-1634); it is ornamented with frescoes; the stalls in the choir are adorned with 12 wooden statuettes of the Apostles. By the side of this church is the Wälsche Kapelle, in the form of a rotunda, built in the sixteenth century. The Grosse Curlsgasse leads to the Brückenplatz, which