contains cannon and other foundries, military store-houses, a powder-mill, a manufactory of small arms, laboratories for the artillery, &c.

The Church of St. Nicholas, of the 14th century, possesses many interesting tombs. The Finkenkrug, in the environs of the town, is a favourite promenade.

At WITTENBERGE (74 miles), the line from Magdeburg falls in, crossing the river by a long bridge. Beyond Wendisch-Warnow (833 miles), we enter the Grand Duchy of Mechlenberg-Schwerin, and shortly afterwards reach

LUDWIGSLUST (733 miles), the summer residence of the Grand Duke, (Hotels: de Weimar, Grossherzog von Mechtenberg), population, 5,500. The Chateau contains a picture gallery and a collection of antiquities. The park affords agreeable promenades. In the Russian Chapel is the tomb of the Grand Duchess Helena. Passing HAGENOW (116 miles), where there is a branch to Schwerin and Rostock, we reach Boitzenburg (134) miles), beyond which we enter

the Duchy of Lauenburg, and crossing the Stecknitz, arrive at BUCHEN (144 miles). From hence a branch line goes to LUBECK (see Route 98). Passing several unimportant places we then reach

BERGEDORF (162) miles), & town of about 2,000 inhabitants, formerly belonging in common to Hamburg and Lübeck. The district is called Vierlande. The costumes of the peasantry are very striking. The next station is HAMBURG (see Route 98).

ROUTE 101.

BERLIN TO STETTIN.

84 miles; 1st class, 12.00; 2nd, 9.00: 3rd, 6.00.

HIE first station after leaving Berlin is BERNAU (14 miles), noted for the defence it made against the Hussites in the fifteenth century. NEUSTADT-EBERSWALDE (28 miles) is a manufacturing town of about 5,000 inhabitants, situated on the Finow Canal. The environs are delightful. Some distance beyond Neustadt, near Chorin, we see the remains of the ancient Abbey of the Cistercians, now an hotel. We next reach ANGERMUNDE, near which the line skirts the lake of Paarstein. Proceeding along embankments through the valleys of the Randow and the Welse, and the marsh of Pommerenzdorf, we pass Passow (564 miles), and near Tantow (70 miles) we observe, on the right, the lake called Dammsche See. Afterwards, crossing the fortifications, we enter STETTIN (84 miles), (Hotels: see "HOTEL APPENDIX"),

population 74,000. It is situated on the left bank of the Oder, and is connected with the suburb of Lastadie, on the right bank, by four bridges. It is a fortress, and the capital of the province of Pomerania, and the chief commercial port of Prussia. The Castle is of the sixteenth century. The court contains a bronze statue of the Great Elector of Brandenburg. From the tower there is an extensive view. The Hôtel de Ville is of the thirteenth century. Opposite this building is the Bourse. In the Königsplatz are marble statues of Frederick the Great and Frederick William III.

The out-port of Stettin is SWINEMUNDE, on the left bank of the Swine, one of the three mouths of the Oder, where the depth of water is sufficient for the largest ships. It contains 7,000 inhabitants, and is a much-frequented bathing-place, (Hotels: Drei Kronen, de Prusse).

ROUTE 102.

BERLIN TO DRESDEN.

117 miles; 1st class, 17.40; 2nd, 12.20.

N leaving Berlin we pass, on the left, the Kreuzberg, and obtain

a view of the tower of Teltow on the right. The first station is GROSS BEEREN (12 miles). Here a cast-iron obelisk, surmounted by a cross, is raised in memory of the victory gained by the Prussians over the French in 1813. Luckenwalde (301⁄2 miles), a town of 4,500 inhabitants, on the Nuthe, is celebrated for its cloth manufacture. We next reach JUTERBOGK (40 miles), population

4,800. It is surrounded by ancient walls, and has some fine old gates. In the Church of St. Nicholas is preserved the indulgence -box taken from the monk Tetzelwhen filled with money, the produce of the sale of indulgencesby a robber who had purchased of him an indulgence for any sin he might commit. Here the line for Leipsic leaves that for Dresden. We pass some unimportant places, and reach RODERAU (894 miles), and, crossing a long viaduct, join the Leipsic and Dresden line near RIESA JUNCTION. (For the remainder of the journey, see Route 99.)

(A new route, shorter by eight miles than that now described, but passing no towns worthy of note, was opened in 1876.)

ROUTE 103.

BERLIN TO FRANKFORTON-THE-MAIN (BY EISEN

ACH).

339 miles; 1st class, 48.50; 2nd, 36.80.

HE route as far as Jüterbogk (40 miles), is described in Route 102. We now leave on the left the line to Dresden, and proceed to WITTENBERG (604 miles), (Hotels: Weintraube, Stadt London), population, 13,000. It is situated on the Elbe. Here it was that the great Reformer, Martin Luther, some time a monk, and afterwards a professor of theology at the once famous University of Wittenberg, posted up his 95 theses in opposition to the pretensions of the Roman Catholic Church, and here he burnt the

Papal Bull which condemned him. He was buried, in 1546, in the Sclosskirche, which also contains the tombs of his supporter, Melancthon, and of Frederick the Wise and John the Steadfast, Electors of Saxony and his friends. The ancient doors of the Schlosskirche were replaced, in 1858, by others of bronze, on which are engraved the subjects of his various theses. The Town Church contains two paintings by Cranach representing the preaching of Luther, and baptismal fonts executed by Hermann Vischer. The ancient convent of the Augustines, in which Luther was a monk, and which was afterwards the University, is now a Protestant Seminary. Visitors are shown his cell, and various articles that belonged to him. His house is now attached to the school. Near it is an oak, planted on the site of that under which he burnt the Pope's Bull. The Ruthhaus contains his portrait and those of other Reformers, by Cranach. His statue, by Schadow, is in the Marketplace.

Leaving on the right the Anhalt line, we cross the Elbe over a bridge of 12 arches, and passing Dessau (82 miles), in the Ducal Palace of which there is a cabinet of antiquities, some manuscripts of Luther, &c., we reach KOTHEN (95 miles). From hence to HALLE (105 miles), see Route 99.

Leaving Halle we cross the Elster and Saale near their confluence, and arrive at Merseburg (114 miles), a town of 10,000 inhabitants. The Cathedral, of the 13th century, has a richly ornamented portal, some paintings by Cranach and Albert Dürer, and a monument of the Emperor Rudolph of Suabia. At CORBETHA (120 miles), the line from Leipsic falls in.

WEISSENFELS (127 miles), is a town of 11,100 inhabitants,situated on the Saale, and has a fine port. The body of Gustavus Adolphus, who fell at the battle of Lützen, was brought here and embalmed in one of the chambers of the Amsthaus; part of the wall, marked with his blood, is still to be seen. The ancient castle is converted into a barrack. A little west of the station, near the railway, is a little house marked with an N., in which Napoleon passed the first night after the battle of Leipsic. We see on the right the Chateau de Gesæk, and the Tour de Schonburg, before reaching

NAUMBURG (133 miles), (Hotels: Preussischer Hof, Sächsischer Hof), population, 15,000, situated on the Saale, and surrounded by hills planted with vineyards. The Cathedral, completed in 1249, is a mixture of the Romanesque and Gothic styles. The pillars of the choir are adorned with sculptures, and there is a handsome rood screen. In the Stadt kirche is a painting by Cranach, "Christ Blessing Little Children." Leaving Naumburg, we see, on the left, the village of SCHULPORTA, containing a school at which Klopstock, Lessing, and Fichte were educated. We several times cross the Saale, which flows through a picturesque defile celebrated in the military annals of 1806 and 1813. At KESEN (138 miles) are some salt works and baths; on the left are the ruins of Rudelsburg; further off, the towers of Sualeck. About 4 miles from Stadtsulza (143 miles) is Auerstadt, and the field of battle of Jena, where Napoleon defeated the Prussians, 14th October, 1806. The most convenient point on the railway from which to visit the battle field is Apolda, the station five miles farther on.

WEIMAR (160 miles), (Hotels: Russischer Hof, Erbprinz), population, 15,000, situated on the Ilm. It is the residence of the Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar, and derives its great celebrity from the number of illustrious writers who have lived and died there. It has been called the

"Necropolis of the poets of Germany;"-Goethe, Herder, Wieland, Schiller, have all resided here.

The houses of the two first and of the last are still to be seen. There are statues of them, and another of Charles Augustus, who was Grand Duke in their time. In the Stadtkirche is a painting of the Crucifixion by Cranach, portraits of Cranach, Luther, and Melancthon, the tomb of Herder, and the statue of L. Cranach. The Residenz Schloss is handsomely decorated; the apartments dedicated to the four authors above named, are adorned with frescoes illustrating their works. Admission, 10 Sr. Goethe's house, in the Goethe Platz, is shown on Fridays. It contains most of the furniture which it contained at the time of his death. Schiller's house is in Schiller Strasse. In the Castle Park, on the bank of the Ilm, to the southward, Goethe's country house is situated.

ERFURT (174 miles), (Hotel: Silber's), population, 37,000. A very old town, once the capital of Thuringia, now a Prussian fortress.

The CATHEDRAL was built at various times, between the 12th and 15th centuries. It contains a bronze relief of the crowning of the Virgin; a painting of the Holy Family by Cranach; some other old paintings; a carved pulpit designed by Schinkel, a bell called the great Susan, &c. The Martinstift, now an orphan asylum, was formerly the Augustine convent. The cell occupied

by Luther is shown. His Bible and other relics are preserved here. The Hôtel de Ville is of the 13th century; in the Place is the statue of Roland. A congress of Sovereigns was convened here by Napoleon in 1807.

GOTHA (191 miles), (Hotels: der Mohr, Deutscher Hof, Der Riese), population, 18,500, the chief town of the Duchy of Saxe-CoburgGotha. The Schloss Friedenstein, a conspicuous building on a height, contains some good pictures by Cranach, Holbein, Van Dyck, and others; a cabinet of engravings; a collection of gems and curiosities; a collection of coins and medals; a Library; a Museum of Natural History; a Japanese and Chinese Museum.

EISENACH (210 miles), (Hotel: Grossherzog von Sachsen*), population, 12,500, the chief town of the Thuringerwald, is pleasantly situated, and is surrounded by wooded hills. It contains nothing to attract the attention of tourists. On an eminence near the town, stands the CASTLE OF WARTBURG, celebrated as the scene of Luther's imprisonment, from May, 1521, to March, 1522. His capture and confinement were due to the friendship of the Elector of Saxony, who knew that his life was in danger, after his appearance before the Diet of Worms. During his imprisonment he wrote several works, and translated a considerable portion of the Bible. The chamber in which he lived is shown; it contains the table which he used, also portraits of his parents, by L. Cranach. It was here, as he writes, that he was subjected to attacks from the Evil One, whom he repulsed by throwing his inkstand at him. BEBRA JUNCTION (224 miles). FULDA (281 miles), (Hotel: Kurfürst), a fortified town of about 14,000

inhabitants, situated on a river of the same name, in a rich valley. The Cathedral is modern.

GELNHAUSEN (325 miles), (Hotels: Hirsch, Hessicher Hof), population, 3,750. It is situated on the Zinzig. The Emperor Frederick Barbarossa made it his residence, and built a palace here in 1144. The ruins are seen on an island, opposite the lower portion of the town. The Cathedral, built in the early part of the thirteenth century, is in the transition style from round to pointed architecture. It has a twisted spire, a cupola, round and pointed arches. HANAU (329 miles), (Hotels: Karlsburg, Post), is a town of 18,000 inhabitants, situated near the confluence of the Zinzig and the Main. The largest manufactories of jewellery in Germany are here. In the neighbourhood, on the left of the route to Frankfort, is Phillipsruhe, the country residence of the late Elector of Hesse-Cassel. Near Hanau, Napoleon, after the battle of Leipsic, fought a battle with the Bavarians and Austrians, in which the Allies were defeated.

FRANKFORT-ON-THEMAIN.

FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN,

(339 miles), (Hotels: see "HoTEL APPENDIX"), population (1877), 104,000, the most ancient and important of the free cities of Germany, is situated on the right bank of the Main. It was a free town and the seat of the Germanic Diet up to 1866, when it was annexed to Prussia. It is a compactly built town, and possesses some wide handsome streets. The new town is well

built, its principal street, the Zeil, being one of the finest in Germany. The old town has many narrow streets and quaint old houses with the gables overhanging the lower stories.

The greatest ornament of Frankfort is a promenade, or series of gardens, which extend round three sides of the town. It has numerous public edifices, prominent among which is the Römer, or town hall, a venerable and interesting structure. In one of its halls, the Electors of the Empire met for the election of the Emperor. In another, the Kaisersaal, the Emperor was banqueted after his election, being waited on at table by princes and officers of the empire. The ceiling of this hall has been richly decorated by modern artists, and its walls contain portraits of the German emperors from Conrad I. to Francis II.

The most remarkable of the churches is the Dom, or CATHEDRAL, an ancient structure, surmounted by a fine tower, interesting as the scene of the coronation of the Emperors. It was badly damaged by fire in 1868, but is being restored. St. Catherine's Church has a fine altar of black marble, and numerous paintings and monuments. Other public buildings are: the Saalhof, on the site of the ancient palace of the Karlovingian Emperors; the large palace of the Prince of Thurn and Taxis in the Zeil, the Exchange; Theatre; the house in which Luther lived, in the Dom Platz; and that in which Göthe was born, No. 74, Hirschgraben. A colossal statue in bronze has been erected on the Göthe Platz to the memory of the great German poet. A group of three statues in honour of Gutemberg, Faust, and Schoffer, the inventors of printing, has