summer months. The University contains some collections of natural history and antiquities. In the Castle is a museum of paintings and plaster casts.

Kiel is a place of great commercial importance. Steamers sal frequently to Korsor, Copenhagen, and St. Petersburg.

ROUTE 99.

COLOGNE TO LEIPSIC AND DRESDEN BY MAGDEBURG.

(For Route from Cologne to Magdeburg, see Route 96.)

From Magdeburg to Leipsic, 744 miles; 1st class, 950 pf.; 2nd, 720 pf.

AFTER leaving Magde

burg, the first station is SCHONEBECK (94 miles), population 8,500, situated on the left bank of the Elbe. At Gnadau (13 miles) there is a colony of Moravians. We presently cross the Saale and reach KöTHEN JUNCTION. Here the lines from Magdeburg, Leipsic, and Berlin converge. Passing Stumsdorf (414 miles) we reach HALLE (53 miles), (Hotels: Stadt Hamburg,* Kronprinz), population 64,500. It is situated on the Saale, and is chiefly remarkable for its University. In the market-place is an isolated tower called the Rothe Thürm, and a statue of the composer Handel. The Markt Kirche, a Gothic church of the sixteenth century, has two of its four Lowers connected by a bridge. It contains some good pictures, espe

cially one on double-folding panels by Cranach, painted in 1529 for the Cardinal Albert of Brandenburg, founder of the church. It represents the Annunciation, and the Madonna and Child surrounded by angels. There is also a good altar-piece by Hübner, "The Sermon on the Mount." The Moritzkirche, of the twelfth or thirteenth century, is considered the most beautiful in the town. It contains an altar-piece of carved wood representing scenes from the Passion of our Saviour, &c.

The Residenz, once the Archbishop's Palace, is noted as the place where, after the battle of Mühlberg (1547), the landgrave Philip of Hesse was compelled to humiliate himself before the Emperor Charles V.

The Francke's Institut, an orphan asylum (called after the name of its founder), established in 1697, contains the orphanage, schools, a printing-press, a school of evangelical missions, a library, &c. In the court is a bronze statue of the founder, by Rauch. The library of the University contains over 100,000 volumes. The Museum of Natural History is worth visiting.

Halle derives its name from the Greek word signifying salt. There are extensive salt-works in its vicinity. In the neighbourhood (seen from the railway before arriving at Halle) are the ruins and garden of the castle of Giebichenstein, and the baths of Wittekind. Passing Schkeudits, on the frontier of Saxony, we cross the Parthe and arrive at

LEIPSIC (74 miles) (Hotels: see "HOTEL APPENDIX"), population 128,500.

Leipsic is, next to Dresden, the most important town in Saxony, and one of the richest in Germany. It is situated in a vast plain, at the confluence of the Elster, the Parthe

and the Pleisse. The entrance of Saxony into the Zollverein (German Customs League), and the construction of the five lines of railway which join at Leipsic, have given to the city much of its commercial prosperity. Three

great fairs are held here yearly: on New Year's Day, at Easter, and at Michaelmas. The Easter fair frequently attracts 70,000 visitors; the others from 15,000 to 20,000. Merchants and manufacturers come to them from all parts of the world, including the far East. It is calculated that business to the extent of 12,000,000l. is done annually at the Easter fair. Leipsic is the great centre of the German booktrade. The German booksellers form an association which has its seat and its Bourse or Exchange at Leipsic, to which they come every year during the Easter fair, to make their settlements. There are 200 book-shops, and 40 printing establishments employ 200 hand-presses, and 50 worked by machinery.

Amongst the public institutions are the UNIVERSITY (except that of Prague, the oldest in Germany), the School of Commerce, the Tribunal of Commerce, the merchants' Bourse, the booksellers' Bourse, and many learned societies.

Leipsic has no remarkable churches. The Church of St. Nicholas dates from 1525. The only objects worth notice in it are the paintings by Oeser. The Catholic Church was built in 1846, from the plans of Heideloff.

The Market Place is surrounded by mediæval houses, and some in the style of the Renaissance. It was in this square the allied sovereigns met after the battle of Leipsic. The Town-House is of the 16th century. In the interior, the public hall and the council

hall are adorned with portraits of the kings of Saxony. Previous to the battle of Leipsic Napoleon occupied the Kanigshaus (the King's house), the residence of the electors and kings of Saxony when they visited Leipsic. It was there that he had his last interview with the King of Saxony, whom the victorious allies afterwards made prisoner. Near the Market Place, in the Grimmäische Strasse, is Auerbach's Keller (cellar, or beer hall). According to tradition, Dr. Faust there gave himself up to those practices of magic which are depicted on the walls. Goethe has placed here one of the scenes of his Faust— that where Mephistopheles furnishes the students with various kinds of wine from holes bored by him with a gimlet in one of the tables.

The

The Castle of Pleissenburg, the ancient citadel, contains most of the public offices. Its tower is used as an observatory. Augustusplatz is surrounded by numerous fine buildings, such as the University, the Burgerschule, or secondary school, the Post Office, and the Museum.

The UNIVERSITY, or AUGUS TEUM, was finished in 1836, after the plans of Schinkel. On the front are four allegorical figures of the four Faculties. The great hall is adorned with the statues or busts of kings and distinguished inhabitants of Saxony, together with twelve allegorical reliefs, executed by Rietschel. The University was founded in 1409; it numbers 800 students, and has a rich library (120,000 volumes), many collections, a botanic garden, an observatory, &c.

The STADISCHE MUSEUM is a fine building, completed in 1858, and contains some good paintings. It is open, free, on Sundays from

10.30 to 4 o'clock, and on Wednesdays and Fridays from 10 to 4; and at a charge of 50 pf. on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays, from 10 to 4, and on Saturdas from 12 to 4.

The ancient glacis and ramparts have been converted into a beautal promenade, which surrounds the old town, and separates it from the suburbs. On them we observe: the Monument of Gellert, the poet; that of the burgomaster Muller, who formed the promenades; the statue of the agriculturist Thaer, by Rietschel; that of Frederick Augustus, who died in 1827; the bust of J. S. Bach, erected by Mendelssohn; and the statue of Hahnemann, the discoverer of homœopathy.

From the tower of the Pleissenburg we may obtain a view of the plain on which the battle of Leipsic was fought. The attendant requires a donation of 7 sgr. The tourist should mount the hill near Stötteritz and the road from Grimma: Napoleon remained there during the battle. A square block of granite, with an inscription, marks the spot. The village of Probstheyde, south-east of Stötteritz, was the centre of the French position. It was taken four times by assault by the Prussians and Russians, and as many times retaken by the French. On the south-east of the village, on a hill called the "Monarchs' Hill," it is said the allied sovereigns received the first news of the victory. Close by, near the farm of Mensdorf, is another block of granite, in honour of Field-Marshal the Prince of Schwarzenberg.

In the neighbourhood are the villages of Liebertwolkwitz and Wachau, the scenes of the memorable fights between the French cavalry under Murat and that of the Allies. In the valley of the

Pleisse, near the Monarchs' Hill, is the Castle of Dölitz, which was defended successfully by the Austrians. Marks of cannonballs and bullets are to be seen.

There are numerous commemorative monuments of the battle of Leipsic. In the cemetery of Taucha are the tombs of the Russian General Manteuffel, and the English Captain Boyer. In the Marienstrasse, a square stone marks the way by which the allied armies entered the town.

In the garden of Gerhard, on the Fleischerplatz, is the Poniatowsky Monument, erected on the spot where the Polish hero crossed the Elster to the place where he met his death. At the entrance of the garden, in a chapel, is a model of the statue of Poniatowsky, executed by Thorwaldsen, and destined for the city of Warsaw. In the Cemetery of St. John, are many tombs of German officers who fell at Leipsic.

LEIPSIC TO DRESDEN.

72 miles; 1st class, 11 m. 70 pf.; 2nd, 7 m. 75 pf.

On leaving Leipsic we pass over part of the battle-field, and see, on the left, the village of Schoneburg, the church of which, being burnt during the battle, was restored by the Emperor of Russia and the King of Prussia. Passing Borsdorf (5 miles), we cross the Mulda and reach WURZEN (16) miles). The Cathedral contains the tombs of several of the bishops of Meissen. Passing Dahlen (27 miles), we cross the valley of Dölnitz over a viaduct and reach Oschatz (33 miles), a town of 4,500 inhabitants. The remains of its ancient fortifications are seen. The Château of Hubertsburg,

two miles distant (now a house of correction), is the place where the Treaty of Peace was signed, between Frederick the Great and Maria Theresa, which ended the Seven Years' War.

We next reach RIESA JUNCTION (42 miles), where a branch line to the manufacturing town of Chemnitz leaves the main line. We next reach PRISTEWITZ (514 miles), and passing through a tunnel, obtain a view of the town of Meissen, on the opposite bank of the Elbe, with its old castle on a rock above the town. It is celebrated for its porcelain manufactory, and for its magnificent Gothic Cathedral.

DRESDEN (72 miles), (Hotels: see "HOTEL APPENDIX "), population 220,000 (1878).

CAB FARES.-Per drive within the inner town, with or without crossing the Elbe, 50, 60, 80, 90 pf. for 1, 2, 3, or 4 persons. By time, for twenty minutes, 60, 70, 80, 90 pf., 1 mark; half hour, 90 pf., 1 mark, 1.20, 1.40; threequarters of an hour, 1.20, 1.40, 1.60, 1.80; one hour, 1.60, 1.80, 2 marks, 2.20. Each trunk 20 pf.; if over 25 lbs. in weight, 40 pf.

As the days and hours for the opening of the various museums and collections are frequently changed, the visitor had better consult the daily "Dresdener Anzeiger."

AMERICAN EPISCOPAL CHURCH. -Waisenhaus Strasse. Sunday, at 11.30; except the first Sunday of the month, at 12.30.

ALL SAINTS' CHURCH, Wiener Strasse. Services on Sundays and Festivals at 11 a.m. and 6 p.m. Weekly celebration of Holy Communion, and on Festivals-1st and 3rd Sundays, at 11 a.m.; other Sundays, 8 a.m., Morning Prayers daily; with Litany, on Wednes

day and Friday at 11; on other days at 8 a.m.

RECOMMENDABLE SHOPS. For paintings on porcelain, BUCKER, 5, Prager Strasse. Photographs, copies of paintings in the gallery, and fine engravings, &c., Arnold, Schloss Strasse.

Dresden is situated in a fertile plain, upon both banks of the Elbe. The city is composed of the Altstadt, (old town), on the left bank of the Elbe, and the Neustadt (new town), on the right bank. Two bridges connect the two banks of the river.

The most attractive quarter of the city is the Theatre Platz, near which are the principal objects of interest to the tourist. Upon this place are the Zwinger with its rich collections, the Royal Palace, the Catholic Church, and the Theatre. Near the Church is the Old Bridge over the Elbe, a solid stone structure, originally built with money raised by the sale of dispensations from the Pope to eat butter and eggs during Lent. At the end of the bridge, and extending along the river, is the Brühl Terrace, a favourite promenade, upon which is the Palace of Brühl and the hall of the Academy of Fine Arts.

On the opposite side of the river, about midway between the old bridge and the railway bridge, is the Japanese Palace, the gardens of which extend to the river.

The Catholic Church was finished in 1756. Over the great altar is a picture, "The Ascension," by Raphael Mengs, and there are many other German and Italian pictures of the 18th century. Under the sacristy are the vaults of the royal family; 64 statues of saints adorn the aisles. The music of this church (on Sundays from 11 to 12, and at 4), is celebrated.

The ROYAL PALACE, OF SCHLOSS, forms a large square of three or