that must needs be the most extensively useful force, ever as such. I never wrote a line to of any that can be made in the world, I do encourage the opinion that American citizens, not begrudge them to her-nor can I harbor a fighting under the patriot flag, were entitled to wish that so grand a project should fail because the protection of their country, unless someit might inflict a partial injury on some of our thing in the article referred to may be so concities, by lessening their trade with the inte- strued. I may have been unfortunate in my rior of our country. The interest of a part is manner of expressing myself, but the idea inthe interest of the whole; and the greater in- tended to be conveyed, was-that, as certain terest should be pursued. Sources of wealth persons, situated precisely as those who claim are alike open to other states, and I wish they citizenship with us are, had been released as may be improved every where. I do not care British subjects, we might be tempted to des a straw by whom, or by what honest means mand the same courtesy of the Spaniards; and, these improvements are effected-my only in a refusal anticipated, there might arise a wish is that they may be effected, as rapidly new cause "to urge to action:" for take it for as the increase of population and true poli- granted that the United States have great tical economy may require. The present is a an inclination to relieve the oppressed as any most fortunate period for undertakings of the kind-state jealousies and party rage have less force than ever they had in the United States, and our citizens are now very generally disposed to view each other as partners in the same inheritance. May these good dispositions be cherished, and all feel it a duty to hand them down to posterity by advancing any, and every, rightful and reasonable thing But, to clear up the subject---I expressly dethat may serve to produce a community of in-clare, as I always meant to do, that a citizen terests-the true key stone of the federal arch. of the United States, entering a foreign serThus, in time, we may become a nation of po- vice of his own accord and without the colitical philosophers; and, in the sublime asse-sent of his government, ipso facto, relinquishveration that we are members of the great re-es all claims on his country for protection.— public, sink the little, narrow and contracted This, I apprchend, is the natural as well as the views that attach themselves to us when we national law. No man more sincerely wishes look only at the spot we happen to inhabit. South American affairs. other power. It is very true, that Spain, be cause she was pleased to liberate the Englishmen, is not bound to set the Americans free: she has an unquestionable right to act at her own discretion on the subject--but, a grant to one naturally leads another to expect the like; and the refusal of it must have a tendency to rufile the temper of the refused. the complete emancipation of all that is called "Spanish America" than I do---but until the legal authorities act on the case, it is the duty of a good citizen to remain passive, except so far as his wishes may go; unless, indeed, he is willing to renounce his citizenship and stand or fall with the cause and country of his choice I am entirely satisfied that the editors of the National Intelligencer are incompetent to put a construction upon any thing I have to say, that they do not believe it ought fairly to bear: but, in some remarks on an article in my last number, on "Spanish American af- Complimentary Letters. fairs," they have made a prominent figure of It was a singular, but very gratifying circun what I meant as a collateral, and have over-stance, to receive the two letters from whic looked the circumstance that seemed to give it extracts are given below, (the Arst from To opinion that goods can be transported from this place to Pittsburgh for considerably less than they can be taken from Philadelphia over the mountains to Pittsburgh. say nessee and the other from Ohio) in the sam day; and that two gentlemen of such opposi characters should agree in their opinion of th REGISTER.Though the praise is extrav Plaister is found in great quantities in the coun- gant, it would be mock-modesty to that ties of Geneva, Ontario and Cayuga-and is getting am not pleased with it: into use near Pittsburgh as appears by the following From Tennessee.--The writer of this w article from a Pittsburgh paper: a soldier of the revolution, and faught und Mr. Scull-Sir, I think it a duty I owe to the pub-washington. He was captured at Fort Was lic to inform them of the benefits arising from the plaister lately brought to Pittsburgh by . and W.ington, and carried to New-York, where "found out something of British humanit but happily escaped "being starved to de because he was in the hospital" ever si which, he adds, he has been a true friend his country. The wiiter is not a literary ‹ racter; but, what is better, he appears to b honest man in easy circumstances, and a so patriot. After stating that he had prom Jack. I have made an experiment and have no hesitation in pronouncing it equal if not superior to other plaister brought from different parts of the world. Therefore those who are desirous of im proving their meadows (for a proof of its good ef fects) will please call on the subscriber at the Black Horse tavern, 4 miles east of Pittsburgh. JOHN SERVICE. made his payment in advance, the old soldier says Cook. Ballston Springs. "I do, sir, reanect you in my inmost heart, on ac- tors at the celebrated Ballston Springs, is a The following, shewing the number of visi count of your truly American, and manly political curious article. The facts were furnished to and indefatigable services. Good sir, I do believe the editor of the Albany Gazette, by Mr. John you have done more for America than a thousand of the best bayonets that ever were in it! Picase to go on and persevere-I hope the Lord will give of a table to save room, and for more easy exWe have thrown them into the form you health of body and strength of mind to do much amination. Children under 14 more for your country-and when he is done with are not counted, nor are those that did not reyou here, may he land you safely in the fields of main at the springs more than three days--years of age, bliss." FROM East-Indies West-Ladies From Ohio.-The writer of this is a respectable member of the society of Friends, or Quakers-a society that, though unde general censure for the political conduct of its members, Europe has within it more practical republicanism, and as much moral honesty and active benevolence, Mexico with some as patriotic hearts, as any in the Canada world-but their religious tenets do not per- Boston. mit them to take a part in the things that be- Albany long to a state of wa, even for self-defence; and their refusing to do so is often misinterpreted to their injury in the estimation of their suth-Carolina fellow-citizens. The gentleman, after giving Charleston his reasons for wishing a suspension of his pa per, says- "Before I take leave of thee, (which I find it a pretty hard matter to do) permit me to offer the tribute of my respect, to which I consider thee justly entitled, for the independent stand thou hast taken, and for the energy thou hast displayed in favor of our most excellent constitution. my friend-and expose to public view the naked Go on, deformity of those who pretend to be its friends, while they are, in reli y, its deadly enemies. Im press on the minds of the people the necessity of union, and guard the temple of freedom against the canker-worm of foreign influence, by marking its course and tracing its foot-steps through the various avenues that lead thereto. What havoc hath it made of republican principle! -How many are there amongst us that worship-alas! worship,at the shrine of aristocracy, How many would bail with delight the establishment of a monarchy in this land of civil and religious freedom. "For stars and garters oft they sigh, "For earldoms. Jukedoms, and the like, New York Georgia Savannah Total ₤1806.] 06. 1807.1808. 1809. 11 23 18 33 1 14 112 : 173 442 47 25 37 The districts of Attakapas and Oppelousas which stretch along the Mexican gulph, from the Attchaf fallaya to the Sabine, are scarcely known to geegraphers, though they form a most interesting porion of the republic. The fertility of the soil, the value of its products-the immense natural meadows which cover five eighths of the country, and their peculiar fitness for feeding cattle, are all worthy the attention of the shoals of emigrants who are seeking wealth or liberty, to the west and south. The accounts published by Brackenridge and Darby are most to be relied on; but neither of those writers have been sufficiently explicit, though each enjoyed opportunities of acquising better informaperused with some interest by such as are pleased tion. The following statement may, perhaps, be to note the rapid march which our country is mak ing to power, and give the reader some idea of the vast resources of Louisiana. *This brings to recollection a playful letter that I was honored with, early in the late war, from the Kovernor of one of the states which did its duty in the contest. He was pleased to say-"We have just made a lot of generais-if among them there shall rove to be one as useful to the republic as your-menced a traffic for peltry with the Indians, who About the year 1755, a few French traders comSeif, I shall esteem his appointment as among the inhabited those prairies. They were soon followed appiest acts of my life." If proof is wanted of the right or justice of the realized from stock-raising, introduced horned catby others, who remarking the great profits to be entiment in those lines, we have it in the general cknowlegent of the monstrous doctrine of a vine right in kings-the greater part of whom, or 7 their pretended ancestors, have marched to their rones through murder and assassination,-ED. tle into the country. Their success encouraged others to adventure; and we find from the census of 1765, that Attakapas and Oppelousas then contained 2408 inhabitants. In the year 1801, their population was rated at 7250, of which 3500 were slaves. Up to the last named epocha, stock raising and beauty which cast the belles of other districts into the shade. It is a singular fact, that for thir teen winters past, the reigning toast in the Orleans ball rooms has been, almost, always from Attakapas, or Oppelousas. formed the almost exclusive occupation of the inbitants. They supplied New Orleans and the Mississippi coast with beef, at the rate of one cent and a fourth per pound; but even at this price many had amassed money enough to purchase slaves and commence farming establishments. The Ame The topography of those counties are pretty acrican government, which took place early in 1804, curately delineated on Darby's map of Louisiana.-gave new stimulus, and induc ed the inhabitants to His book is a very inferior production to his map, turn their attention more to planting. The soil and not much to be relied on for useful informa and climate uniting with their exertions and industion. I will here add a few words concerning the try, have secured to the first planters of those dis-soil and its productions, but as these vary in an extricts a most enviable independence. A few years tent of country, containing about 300,000 square ago they were a horde of shepherds, consequently miles, I will consider the districts separately. a hardy and virtuous race. Of late their plan of Oppelousas, lying to the north-west of Attakapas, life has changed, and their means rapidly increased, is well calculated for a grazing country. Its prai without introducing the thousand fictitious wants, ries are very extensive, and the greater parts of the which usually travel in the train of wealth. Even and second and third rate. The lands of the best row, it is no uncommon sight to see a planter of quality in this country are in its south-west corthose countries, owning, perhaps, 70 or 80 slaves, ner, consisting of a strip about 26 miles long and clad in the product of his wife's loom, attending to 8 wide. In this tract are situated many large planhis borses, oxen, or crop with more assiduity and tations which yield immense profits to their proattention than characterises a Carolina overseer:-prietors. The northern part of the county, borderYet, if a stranger visits him, he will find his table ing on Rapide district, is poor land, and the wes crowded with the best wines of the world, and no term section which skirts the Gulph and the River lack of intelligence or any thing else which forms Sabine, is little better. Those lands, however, good cheer. Riches here, appear to add only to produce tolerable corn, and a coarse luxuriant the comforts of their possessor, without forming grass which can feed cattle enough to supply the the inviduous distinctions among men which exist home and West India markets. in other parts of the world. The ease with which Attakapas is divided into two parishes, St. Mary they are acquired, may be the reason of this-but and St. Martin. The Vermilion river rises in Op. the detached situation of the country accounts for pelousas and on entering St. Martin's becomes a it more rationally. Besides, the population is as considerable stream. The lands on its banks are yet quite thinly scattered over an immense terri-high, and generally of the best quality. After a tory, and wherever this is the case, we do not course of ninety miles in this parish it fails into a usually find so many of those little presuming ani bay of the same name near the 30th degree of mals, wearing the shapes of men, which are such north latitude. Between the Vermillion and the great nuisances in thickly inhabited countries. Minton (the western limit of Attakapas) lies a prairie country which in soil is nothing remarkable but affords excellent pasturage. In 1810, Attakapas and Oppelousas, contained 13,774 souls. For two years after the census was taken there was a great emigration to the country. The Tesche, likewise, rises in Oppelousas near It was stopped early in 1813, by the pressure of the the source of the Vermillion. Its general course is war, but since the peace has recommenced. At to the south-east, piercing the western sections of present (Sept. 1817) I feel confident the popula-St. Martin and St. Mary. It meets the Alchaffaltion would be estimated too low at 20,000. laya at Berwick's bay, and is navigable for seventy The settlements are principally in the prairies, miles from its mouth for the largest boats, and for which to the south and west are skirted by the sea. smaller craft almost to its source. From the line of This may be the cause of the district, under consi- Oppelousas to Berwick's bay, a distance of more deration, being the healthiest of Louisiana. The than ninety miles, there is no soil on its banks number of very old men is truly astonishing. Mr. which is not first rate. As it approaches the sea, Berrard, the first permanent settler of Attakapas, at however, the land is thought to improve, and the the age of 78, enjoys all his faculties and is in ex-climate certainly becomes more favorable to the cellent health. His former partner, Mr. Sorel, who culture of sugar. Between the upper part of the came to the country with him in 1764, died last Tesche and the Vermillion, in the Parish of St year, aged 80. A cousin of Mr. Sorel is still heal-Martin, lies a rich tract of country principally thy at the age of 82, and fifty others might be prairie. It is as yet very partially settled, owing to named who are much older. thescarcity of wood. This cannot form a permaAll the old settlers, who married early in life,nent impediment, as trees, when planted in those have a small colony around them of their own be-meadows and shielded from the vernal burnings of getting. Mr. Gedry, of St. Martin's (Attakapas) the grass, thrives faster than in any soil I have ever has 12 sons and 6 daughters living, and seventy seen. Several persons have already tried the exgrand children. John Ballice Broussard, aged 95, periment, and find four or five years sufficient to reckons his lineal descendants at 170 The women grow any supply of fire wood they may want. who have children are generally very prolific, few sides, there is not any part of the rich meadows of of them raising less than eight or ten children.-Attakapas more than five miles distant from plenty This alone proves that the country is healthy. The of wood. The climate is, at the same time, so curate of Attakapas (Mr. Isaby) has ascertained mild that fuel is little wanted but for the kitchen. from his parish register that in the last seven years, The good lands of Oppelousas and St. Martin's for 700 deaths among the Catholics, there have are best adapted to the culture of cotton. Tuey been 1600 births. sent to New Orleans last year about 6,000 bales of Be It is the custom for the rich and gay young peo-fine cotton, and if the whole of their rich soil was ple of Louisiana and Mississippi, to spend their cultivated might produce annually more than sixty carnival at New Orleans. The health enjoyed by thousand bales. About five thousand steers are the young ladies of the prairies, added to their each year exported from those districts, which sell active and industrious habits, gives them bloom at home for 12 dollars each. and with the hope that the remarks I have made Louisiana Sept. 1817. Legislature of Connecticut. The parish of St. Mary's, being the southern part of the tract of country under consideration, is well adapted for the culture of sugar. This was doubt ed until some of the enterprizing Americau emigrants tested it, in the last two years, by the most successful experiments. It is found to succeed as well, if not better, than on the Mississippi, and the cane is certainly brought to maturity with less labor. Cotton also succeeds remarkably well, but will soon give way to sugar. In the year 1816, this parish, with a population of about 3,000 souls, sent to market 2,500 bales of cotton, 900 hogsheads of sugar and 800 beef cattle, which sold for $550,000. 11 o'clock. Some sugar has been cultivated in Oppelous&A and St. Martin's, but owing to mismanagement, or the climate, it has not succeeded well. New-Haven, October 9. governor WOLCOTT's speech, delivered this day beWe hasten to lay before the public his excellency fore both houses of the assembly, at about half past of William Bristol, esq. (republican,) speaker and The house of representatives have made choice Gideon Tomlinson and James Lanman, esquires, The parish of St. Mary is in no place more than (both republicans,) clerks.-The votes for speaker 10 miles wide, having the sea on one side and lake were, William Bristol, esq. 126, Jonathan W. Ed. Platt and the Attchafalaya on the other, which wards, esq. (federalist) 52. Majority for Mr. Brismay have an influence on the early frosts and pro- tol, 74. tect the cane crop till it reaches maturity. The Tesche lands lie mostly from ten to fifteen feet above the highest swells produced by the Mis sissippi floods. In the year 1813 and 15, when there were very great freshes, the lakes between the prairies and the Mississippi, and, with them, the Tesche, rose about 8 feet above their common level. But arecurrence of this can scarcely be expected, as the levees on the Great River are rapidly extend ing, which will prevent its waters from flowing into the lakes. But even if the levees should be demolished, the prairies are too high ever to be inundated. The Vermillion is never affected by the Mississippi. The lands on its banks (and indeed in every other part of the country except the Tesche) are from 30 to 100 feet above the level of the sea. GOVERNOR'S SPEECH. and Gentlemen of the house of representatives, vened to deliberate on the concerns of the state, The circumstances under which we are now conare peculiar auspicious. Peace and tranquility; general health, and a genial season, favouring the exertions of unusual industry, have been succeeded by ample rewards. While these blessings demand expressions of gratitude to the Kind Disposer of events, they encourage benevolent dispositions towards each other, and united exertions to advance the prosperity of our constituents. positions have been received from the states of Sloops of 100 tons can ascend the Tesche to Nova Iberia, 60 miles from its mouth, though the produce of the country is seldom carried direct to department of the United States, is prepared to Information has been received, that the ordnance the ocean, the Tesche, Attchafalaya communicate deliver the proportions of arms and equipments to with the Mississippi by the Lafourch and Plaqua- which this state is entitled, by an act of congress. mine-a voyage from any part of those rivers can I have accordingly directed the quarter-master. be easily made to New Orleans in 9 days. Along the coast of Attakapas are found four ing a settlement of our accounts to the close of general to adopt the requisite measures for affectIslands, viz. Belle Isle, Cole Bianche, Grand Cote, the year 1816. An offer has been made to deliver and Petite Ance, which bear no resemblance to the in artillery, a proportion of the value of what may main land, and appear to be the remnants of some be found due. There being no authority to assent ancient continent. They rise several hundred feet to this proposal, the subject is submitted to your above the tides and I would suppose originally be consideration longed to a high diversified country. Be this as it may, they have a very fertile soil and produce the were presented to the consideration of the legisla Among the matters which, at the last session, best sugar and cotton of Louisiana. The four is ture, those concerning the judicial department, Lands contain about 7000 superficial acres of good and the cqualization of the system of taxation, are land. There are sugar establishments on all but of vital importance to the people, A lasting title Belle isle. There are other Islands lying in the to the gratitude of our constituents will be acquir Attchaffallaya, or Berwick's bay, which have a very ed, if safe and equitable principles shall be esta good soil, but once in ten or fifteen years have been blished on these interesting subjects. The legis able to be overflowed by the heaviest swells of lature has wisely provided for an investigation of, the Mississippi. In Oppelousas about one third of the population completion of a proper system will require time and a report on the subject of taxation, but as the is Americans. In St. Martin's one fifth, and in St. and profound reflection, I venture to express a hope, Mary's more than a moiety The rest are princi- that no apparent difficulties will deter you from pally French. which its importance demands. pursuing it with that perseverance and impartiality, Lands throughout the whole country are to be had at a very low rate; though they are rising every day in value. Good tracks in the parish of St. Ma- annually amount to a considerable sum, and under As the expenses of supporting the state poor, ry's, with plenty of wood, may be had for two and the operation of the present system, may be exthree dollars the acre. With a salubrious climate, a rich soil and indus-on this subject be revised. pected to increase, I recommend that the provisions trious population, Attakapas and Oppelousas will soon not only be called the richest counties of Louther an enquiry ought not to be instituted into the It appears to be deserving of consideration, wheisiana but outstrip in agriculture any section of the condition, management, and legal provision which union. Such a country is worthy of observation, respect New-Gate-Prison, and whether consistently with justice, humanity, and the public security some beneficial reforms cannot be adopted. Agriculture being a primary and most important interest of the state, it is the duty of the legislature, Foreign Articles. ENGLAND, &c. Flour at Liverpool, Sept. 3, 50 to 52. per bbl. not only to protect its industrious members from It is intimated that the ports will be shut against disproportionate burdens, but to facilitate to them, the importation of grain and flour on the 15th of the discoveries and improvements of modern times. Nov. Those of Ireland are already shut. As great numbers of our intelligent citizens migrate A malignant fever is raging in every part of Ire. from the state, and as it receives but few accessions land, and many deaths have taken place.-Among of enterprizing strangers, it has resulted that agri- the victims of it, is chief justice Osbourne. cultural knowledge has been depressed below what The disease raging in Ireland is committing ought to exist in a state, highly distinguished for dreadful ravages. At Limerick, 30 persons in fever science and improvements in the arts. The incor- had been admitted into the hospital in two days. poration of an agricultural association, whose duty In one grave yard at Strabane 107 persons had been it should be, to collect and disseminate printed buried, who had died of it, within a month-the tracts on the various branches of rural economy, court house had been fitted up for a hospital. At might, by stimulating emulation, speedity produce Londonderry, &c. booths were erected for the re highly important consequences to the community. ception of patients. Great alarm prevailed. It A practice has prevailed in the other states, of seems admitted that the pestilence has arisen for rewarding, by honorary tokens, such of their native; the scarcity of wholesome food! citizens as have performed meritorious services The monthly bulletin reports the old king as for their country. If it should be judged expedient, heretofore-in bodily health, but as deranged as for this state to adopt this practice, commodore usual. Isaac Hull, who obtained the first of those brilliant victories, which signalized the late war, appears, on the score of public and private virtue, to be eminently entitled to such a distinction. The state of public opinion unequivocally proves that a momentous responsibility is devolving on the legislature. I hope that it will not be thought| unsuitable if I invite you to cultivate a spirit of con ciliation and good will towards each other, and among all the people of the state. Stocks, Sept. 8-3 per cent. consuls 791: Ame. rican 6 per cents. 106). The grain and flour received at Liverpool from the United States for a year ending the 1st of Sept. last, is estimated as sufficient to have laden 2786 vessels, of 100 tons each. Trade and commerce appear reviving—and the crops, not yet however got in, were very heavy. Apprehensions for the safety of the crop existed in Ireland, from the continued wetness of the weaLet it be remembered, that the government of ther. Am. flour, in Ireland, from 58 to 60s. Connecticut was formed on the principles of, and Mr. Bird, an eminent painter in England, has reaccording to the model devised by illustrious men, ceived 5000 dollars of the prince regent for his who were republicans in principle, and who at picture of the embarkation of Louis XVIII at Dotempted to establish a democratical republic in ver, for France, on his restoration. Sir T. Clifford Eagland. Though their exertions were unsuccess- has a picture from the same master, of the disemful in that country, yet it is to the laws and regula- barkation at Calais. tions which they forined, that the British nation The whole consumption of cotton in England in has been principally indebted for its power, wealth, 1817 is expected to exceed 92,000,000 lbs.-20 and renown; and for what yet remains of civil li-millions more than in 1816. berty. In New-England the systems established Lord Erskine, for attempting to stop a cart from by our founders, have prevailed, with eminent ad- passing his coach in the street, was severely whipvantage to the people; and in Connecticut, they ped by the carter. have remained, without any essential change, till A Jesuit's college is established near Preston, in the present time, during a period in which govern- Lancashire, and appears to be in a very flourishing ments of a different structure have been subverted, state-and the scholars, professors, &c. are said to and the civilized world convulsed to its founda- amount to 500 persons. Thousands in the neightions. Antecedent to, and during the revolutionary borhood are said to have been converted and led war, and in all the consultations which ensued for astray from the established church, which seems to the establishment of American freedom, Connecti- have alarmed some so much as to make them decut performed no inglorious part, both in the coun- sire the aid of the secular arm to keep the people cil, and in the field, and has secured a title to the as religious as they ought to be!-Blessed be Hea respect and gratitude of the nation. It is natural ven!-we are not to be frightened by any thing of and just that institutions which have produced so this kind in America-those who are the slaves of much honor and advantage, should be objects of one set of sectarians are the only ones fitted to beveneration and attachment; and if, as may be admit-come the slaves of another. ted, some changes are expedient to adapt our go- On the 5th April, there was a defaulter on the vernment to the principles of a more enlightened Stock Exchange, in London, for one hundred and age than that in which it was formed, and to re-sixty thousand pounds, in consols. The grain harvest is not good in Ireland, but that of potatoes is excellent. concile it with the institutions which surround us,! Lord Cochrane is expected to resign his seat in and by which our interests are necessarily affected, Parliament, and Roger O'Connor is to be nominated still we are bound to recollect, that whatever is in his stead. of common concern, ought to be adjusted by mutual consultations, and friendly advice; that party spiri and sinister interests ought to be wholly excluded from influence; that it is the duty of reformers to repair and improve, not to subvert and destroy;| that passion is a dangerous consellor: and that by the wise constitution of our nature, nothing which is violent or unjust, can be permanent, QLIVER WOLCOTT, It is said Lord Amherst brought a respectful letter from Napoleon to the Prince Regent. Court of Chancery, Thursday, Aug. 14. Queensberry estates.-The lord chancellor said he had looked into the accounts, and now allowed 245,500l. three per cents. calculated to be 194,000/ which was the sums required to pay one fourth of |