Origin of the City-The Westover MSS.—“ Cities in the Air"-An Agreeable Surprise-The Capitol-Colonial Relics-The Washington Statue-Monumental Church -Burning of the Theatre-An August Assembly-An- cient Church-Tredegar Works-Speculative Folly- Tobacco Manufacture-James River Canal-Penitentiary LIFE IN THE CAPITAL OF OLD VIRGINIA." Grotesque Uniforms-"Faro Banks"-An Alarm-A Sol- dier-Bishop-" For Rent"-Hôtel Life-" Message of Old Abe"-The "Bars"-Governor Letcher-An Ex- pedition-Prizes "The French Lady"—"Getting up a Regiment-Female Industry-A Tornado in Camp-The Bivouac-Public Markets-The Game of "Loo❞—A The "Old Dominion "-First Settlers in Virginia-Attach- ment to the Constitution and Church of England-Utopia Realized-A Catholic Colony-Lord Baltimore-The Fruitful Mother of States-Temporizing Policy-North European Misconception-A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing- The Force of "King Numbers "-Conflicting Interests -"The Letter" and "the Spirit "—"The Holy Text of Pike and Gun"-" Beggar my Neighbour"-The "Ame- rican System "-A War of Tariffs-Territorial Aggres- sion-Domestic Aggression-Infractions of the Constitu- Government Out-and-Out-The Inauguration-Roll of the Convention-Provisions of the Constitution-The Hon. Jefferson Davis-The Hon. Alexander H. Stephens—The Hon. Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter-The Hon. Howell Cobb-Extent of Territory-Opening of Congress-Con- federate State Bonds-The President's Proclamation- VISIT TO NORTH-WESTERN VIRGINIA. City of Petersburg-The Alleghany Mountains-" Staging" It-Town of Beverly-Cheat Mountain-Encounter with Indians-A Deed of Daring-Preparing for the Attack -Defence of Laurel Mount-The Retreat Ascent of VISIT TO MANASSAS-THE BATTLE OF BLACKBURN'S FORD. A Second Joan of Arc-The Fortifications-History and Character of General Beauregard-Forces under Generals Beauregard, Johnston, and Bonham-Condition of the Camps-The Culpepper "Minute Men"-Washington Artillery of New Orleans-A Skirmish-Death of Lieu- tenant Ashby-The Village of Romney-Caudy's Castle DOWN SO U T H. CHAPTER I. 66 ACROSS THE ATLANTIC, AND ON TO RICHMOND." A Motley Group-Fogs and Icebergs-Burial at Sea-A False Alarm-New York Harbour-Scene at the Custom House-Feeling against the "Rebels "—The Kentucky Volunteers-Vineyards of Cincinnati-Insubordination in the Camps-Monument to Henry Clay-An African Church-Firing into a Train-Southern Liberality— Unexpected Visitors-City of Lynchburg-Arrival in Richmond. I LEFT Southampton for New York on the 22nd of May, in the Hamburg and American Company's steam-ship "Borussia," commanded by Captain Trautman. The living freight comprised some six hundred passengers, about fifty of whom were first-class. Although I had repeatedly crossed the Channel, and could bear the sea tolerably well, I rather dreaded a trip across the Atlantic. Indeed, I have always, in a greater or lesser degree, VOL. I. B 30 VINU AIMBOLIAD 2 ACROSS THE ATLANTIC. felt some apprehension at sea; a circumstance which, I know, is not uncommon. When a youth my chief delight consisted in perusing books of voyages and travels; and intense was the love of adventure thereby created, which I have not yet quite overcome. The first-class passengers, among whom were a few ladies, married and single, old and young, consisted of a motley group-Lager beer-drinking Germans, Californian adventurers, sharpsighted Yankees, and a few open-hearted Southerners. Notwithstanding our diversity of character and pursuit, we managed to get along tolerably well. For two or three days the weather was very propitious, and the ocean assumed the placidity of a lake unruffled by the wind. This was contrary to my preconceived notions of the Atlantic, so I felt exceedingly comfortable both in mind and body. A change, however, shortly came over the spirit of my dream; and the soothing feelings which the sight of the ocean at first produced, changed but too rapidly to those of wonderment and terror! The fourth day a strong southerly wind blew, and the sea rose mountains high, as if it had been touched by the wand of the enchanter. From that time until we sighted Sandy Hook, a period of eight weary days, we had a succession of storms, attended |