microscopes. Living quarters can be had at the station without. charge upon application to the director.

The lines of investigation followed at the laboratory in the past have been faunistic and developmental, dealing with distribution and life histories of aquatic insects, rotifers, crustaceans, and hydrachnids and with the botany and binomics of the area of investigation. Chemical and tidal investigations have also been carried on for some time, and a botanical survey is projected. The results of the work of local character have been published mainly in the "Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Natural History Society."

The station is located about 1 mile by water from the railway stations at Stalham and Catfield, both on the Midland and Great Northern Railway, and 15 miles by carriage from Yarmouth. It is a small brick cottage with thatch roof, about 100 yards from the water's edge. It contains a general laboratory room with table space for four to five workers and bedrooms above for the same number. The laboratory has no circulating system, but is supplied with glass aquaria. There are microtomes and a good supply of the ordinary chemicals and glassware used in morphological work, but no provision for bacteriological, physiological, or hydrographical investigation. The station has at its disposal several small boats, a 16-foot 4-horsepower motor boat and a wherry, the Cyclops, a trading vessel of 22 tons converted into a floating laboratory and residence for field work at a distance from the station.

The Sutton Broad laboratory, the only English fresh-water station, is in an ideal situation for the investigation of the fresh and brackish water fauna and flora and for an attack upon those fundamental biological problems of adaptation of organisms to different chemical media.

Literature: Gurney (1904, 1908), Nicholson (1895).

DOVE MARINE LABORATORY, CULLERCOATS, NEAR NEWCASTLE,

NORTHUMBERLAND, ENGLAND.

Director, Dr. Alexander Meek, Cullercoats, England.
In addition, an attendant, clerk, and a boy.

This biological station owes its origin to the efforts of Prof. Alexander Meek, of Armstrong College, Durham University, Newcastle. In 1897 he opened a small laboratory in temporary quarters at Cullercoats Bay, 2 miles north of the mouth of the Tyne and 10 miles from Newcastle in connection with the work of the Northumberland sea-fisheries committee. The temporary laboratory was burned in 1904. This was replaced by a fine new building (Pl. XXXIV, A), upon the old site, completed and opened for use in the summer of

1908.

B.

Photograph by Prof. A. Meek.

DOVE MARINE LABORATORY AT CULLERCOATS.

The present building, with its fittings, costing about £5,000, was erected A. D. 1908 by Wilfred H. Huddleston, M. A. and F. R. S., for the furtherance of marine biology, and as a memorial of his ancestress, Eleanor Dove.

The building stands upon a shelf at the foot of the cliff that encircles the diminutive harbor of Cullercoats. Its foundations are protected by a concrete wall which rises from tide level to a height of 10 feet. The building faces the east. It is rectangular in form with outside dimensions of 33 by 70 feet and its long axis running north and south. It is built of pressed brick with stone trimmings and is three stories in height. It is entered by a bridge from the cliff to its uppermost story. Upon this floor are found only the retiring rooms and lavatories, surrounded by a promenade and parapet, which incloses in one corner

FIG. 18.-Ground floor, Dove marine laboratory. Cullercoats.

an open cement tank 15 by 8 by 3 feet 7 inches, which supplies the salt water to the laboratories of the floor below.

The middle or main floor contains a lecture room (19 by 23 feet) with blackboard and lantern screen, and table room for a small class of elementary students; the private laboratory (15 by 10 feet) of the director, a dark room (4 by 7 feet), a small private laboratory (8 by 7 feet), a reagent room (4.7 by 14.7 feet), a collection room (13.6 by 14.7 feet), a library (13.6 by 14.7 feet), and a general laboratory at the southeast corner (14.7 by 32.6 feet) with six cubicals (6 by 6.8 feet) separated by low partitions.

The rooms are supplied with gas, electric light, hot and cold water, and salt water. Each laboratory is provided with a teak-wood desk and porcelain sink-aquarium. Paraffin baths and microtome are found upon a centrally located table in the general laboratory.

The ground floor (fig. 18) contains a small office and lobby and two large aquarium rooms. The public aquarium (admission, 3 pence) occupies a large room (40.8 by 29 feet) at the north end. It has eleven ferroconcrete (Henne bique system) aquaria with plate glass fronts. The aquaria occupy three sides of the room, while in the center of the floor is found a pool 19 inches in depth (11 by 16 feet) with a central fountain. The aquaria are lighted through a sloping glass roof which projects from the building. A narrow iron gallery projecting into the aquarium room above the level of the glazed openings affords access to the aquaria for care and cleaning. The openings above the glazings are closed by curtains so that the room is lighted solely through the aquaria. The bank of aquaria is 5.4 feet in height and has a uniform width (from front to rear wall) of 4 feet. The glazed

FIG. 19.-Main floor, Dove marine laboratory. Cullercoats. From Meek (1909).

openings vary in size from 3.10 by 5 to 4.10 by 5 feet. Nine of the aquaria have but a single glazed front but the corner aquaria are larger, having two and three openings, respectively. The floor below the tanks is depressed in a large trough, which is continuous under all the aquaria, and forms a long channel 4 by 86 feet and 2 feet in depth in its center. This channel receives the discharge from the tanks and serves as a fish tank for large fish.

The water supply is pumped by an electric motor and pump, housed beneath the double ferrocement tanks 14 by 21 by 12.6 feet, holding about 15,000 gallons, placed at the level of the second floor at the rear of the building. The sea pipe is of 4-inch black iron terminating in a rose about 270 feet from the building, on the sandy beach near low-tide mark. The distributing system is of galvanized