Appendix. most head of Connecticut River, thence down along the middle of that river to Treaty of the 45th degree of north latitude, thence by a line due west on said latitude Ghent. until it strikes the river Iroquois or Cataraguy, has not yet been surveyed; it is agreed that for these several purposes, two Commissioners shall be appointed, sworn and authorized, to act exactly in the manner directed with respect to those mentioned in the next preceding Article, unless otherwise specified in the present Article. The said Commissioners shall meet at St. Andrews, in the Province of New Brunswick, and shall have power to adjourn to such other place or places as they shall think fit. The said Commissioners shall have power to ascertain and determine the points above-mentioned, in conformity with the Provisions of the said Treaty of Peace of 1783; and shall cause the Boundary aforesaid, from the source of the River St. Croix to the River Iroquois or Cataraguy to be surveyed and marked according to the said provisions: the said Commissioners shall make a Map of the said Boundary, and annex to it a declaration under their hands and seals, certifying it to be the true Map of the said Boundary, and particularizing the latitude and longitude of the north-west angle of Nova Scotia, of the north-westernmost head of Connecticut River, and of such other points of the said Boundary as they may deem proper. And both parties agree to consider such Map and Declaration as finally and conclusively fixing the said Boundary. And in the event of the said two Commissioners differing, or both, or either of them, refusing, declining, or wilfully omitting to act, such reports, declarations, or statements, shall be made by them, or either of them, and such reference to a friendly Sovereign or State shall be made in all respects, as in the latter part of the Fourth Article is contained, and in as full a manner as if the same was herein repeated. ARTICLE VI. Whereas by the former Treaty of Peace, that portion of the Boundary of the United States from the point where the 45th degree of north latitude strikes the River Iroquois or Cataraguy, to the Lake Superior, was declared to be "along the middle of said river into Lake Ontario, through the middle "of said lake, until it strikes the communication by water between that lake "and Lake Erie, thence along the middle of said communication into "Lake Erie, through the middle of said lake, until it arrives at the water "communication into Lake Huron, thence through middle of said lake to the "water communication between that lake and Lake Superior;" and whereas doubts have arisen what was the middle of the said river, lakes, and water communications, and whether certain islands lying in the same were within the Dominions of His Britannic Majesty or of the United States. In order, therefore, finally to decide these doubts, they shall be referred to two Commissioners, to be appointed, sworn, and authorized, to act exactly in the manner directed with respect to those mentioned in the next preceding Article, unless otherwise specified in this present Article. The said Commissioners shall meet in the first instance, at Albany, in the State of New York, and shall have power to adjourn to such other place or places as they shall think fit. The said Commissioners shall, by a report or declaration, under their hands and seals, designate the Boundary through the said river, lakes, and water communications, and decide to which of the two Contracting Parties the several islands lying within the said rivers, lakes, and water communications, do respectively belong, in conformity with the true intent of the said Treaty of 1783. And both parties agree to consider such designation and decision as final and conclusive. And in the event of the said two Commissioners differing, or both or either of them refusing, declining, or wilfully omitting to act, such reports, declarations, or statements, shall be made by them, or either of them, and such reference to a friendly Sovereign or State shall be made, in all respects, as in the latter part of the Fourth Article is contained, and in as full a manner as if the same was herein repeated. ARTICLE VII. Ghent. It is further agreed, that the said two last-mentioned Commissioners, after Appendix. they shall have executed the duties assigned to them in the preceding Article, Treaty of shall be, and they are hereby authorized upon their oaths, impartially to fix and determine, according to the true intent of the said Treaty of Peace of 1783, that part of the Boundary between the Dominions of the two Powers, which extends from the water communication between Lake Huron and Lake Superior, to the most north-western point of the Lake of the Woods; to decide to which of the two Parties the several Islands lying in the lakes, water communications and rivers forming the said Boundary, do respectively belong, in conformity with the true intent of the said Treaty of Peace of 1783, and to cause such parts of the said Boundary as require it, to be surveyed and marked. The said Commissioners shall, by a report or declaration, under their hands and seals, designate the Boundary aforesaid, state their decision on the points thus referred to them, and particularize the latitude and longitude of the most north-western point of the Lake of the Woods, and of such other parts of the said Boundary, as they may deem proper. And both parties agree to consider such designation and decision as final and conclusive. And in the event of the said two Commissioners differing, or both, or either of them, refusing, declining, or wilfully omitting to act, such reports, declarations, or statements, shall be made by them, or either of them, and such reference to a friendly Sovereign or State shall be made in all respects as in the latter part of the Fourth Article is contained, and in as full a manner as if the same was herein repeated. ARTICLE VIII. The several Boards of two Commissioners, mentioned in the four preceding Articles, shall respectively have power to appoint a Secretary, and to employ such Surveyors or other persons as they shall judge necessary. Duplicates of all their respective reports, declarations, statements, and decisions, and of their accounts, and of the journal of their proceedings, shall be delivered by them to the Agents of His Britannic Majesty, and to the Agents of the United States, who may be respectively appointed and authorized to manage the business on behalf of their respective Governments. The said Commissioners shall be respectively paid in such manner as shall be agreed between the two Contracting Parties, such agreement being to be settled at the time of the exchange of the Ratifications of this Treaty. And all other expenses attending the said Commissions shall be defrayed equally by the two Parties. And in the case of death, sickness, resignation, or necessary absence, the place of every such Commissioner respectively, shall be supplied in the same manner as such Commissioner was first appointed, and the new Commissioner shall take the same oath or affirmation, and do the same duties. It is further agreed between the two Contracting Parties, that in case any of the Islands mentioned in any of the preceding Articles which were in the possession of one of the Parties prior to the commencement of the present war between the two countries, should, by the decision of any of the Boards of Commissioners aforesaid, or of the Sovereign or State so referred to, as in the four preceding Articles contained, fall within the dominions of the other Party, all grants of land made previous to the commencement of the war by the Party having had such possession, shall be as valid as if such island or islands, had by such decision or decisions, been adjudged to be within the dominions of the party having had such possession. ARTICLE IX. The United States of America engage to put an end, immediately after the Ratification of the present Treaty, to hostilities with all the tribes or nations of Indians with whom they may be at war at the time of such Ratification, and forthwith to restore to such tribes or nations respectively, all the posses E Appendix. sions, rights and privileges which they may have enjoyed, or been entitled to Treaty of in 1811, previous to such hostilities. Provided always, that such tribes or na Ghent. tions shall agree to desist from all hostilities against the United States of America, their citizens and subjects, upon the Ratification of the present Treaty being notified to such tribes or nations, and shall so desist accordingly. And His Britannic Majesty engages on his part, to put an end, immediately after the Ratification of the present Treaty, to hostilities with all the tribes or nations of Indians with whom he may be at war at the time of such Ratification, and forthwith to restore to such tribes or nations respectively, all the possessions, rights, and privileges, which they may have enjoyed, or been entitled to in 1811, previous to such hostilities. Provided always, that such tribes or nations shall agree to desist from all hostilities against His Britannic Majesty and his subjects, upon the Ratification of the present Treaty being notified to such tribes or nations, and shall so desist accordingly. ARTICLE X. Whereas the traffic in Slaves is irreconcileable with the principles of humanity and justice, and, whereas both His Majesty and the United States are desirous of continuing their efforts to promote its entire Abolition, it is hereby agreed that both the Contracting Parties shall use their best endeavours to accomplish so desirable an object. ARTICLE XI. This Treaty, when the same shall have been ratified on both sides, without alteration by either of the Contracting Parties, and the Ratifications mutually exchanged, shall be binding on both Parties, and the Ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington, in the space of four months from this day, or sooner if practicable. In faith whereof, we the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty, and have thereunto affixed our seals. Done in triplicate at Ghent, the twenty-fourth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and fourteen. Adolphus' Hist.Geo.3. 1782. new minis try. No. 4. Adolphus's History of the Reign of George III. Chap. XLIII. THE new Cabinet was thus composed: the Marquis of Rockingham (from whom it was called the Rockingham Administration) First Lord of the Treasury; View of the Lord John Cavendish, Chancellor of the Exchequer; Admiral Keppel, now raised to the dignity of Viscount, First Lord of the Admiralty; the Duke of Grafton, Lord Privy Seal; Earl Camden, President of the Council; the Duke of Richmond, Master-General of the Ordnance, and a Knight of the Garter; the Earl of Shelburne and Mr. Fox, joint Secretaries of State; General Conway, Commander in Chief; and Mr. Dunning, created Lord Ashburton, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. The only Member of the late Administration who retained a seat in the Cabinet, was the Lord Chancellor Thurlow. 1782. ministry. Several other Departments of State were filled by persons of eminent rank Appendix and talent; among the most conspicuous of whom were the Duke of Portland, Adolphus' Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; Mr. Burke, Paymaster-General of the Forces, and Hist. Geo.S a Privy Councillor; Mr. Thomas Townshend, Secretary at War; Colonel View of Barré, Treasurer of the Navy; Mr. Sheridan, Under Secretary of State; Sir the new William Howe, Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance; his brother, created a Viscount, was appointed to command the Grand Fleet; the Honourable Thomas Pelham, was Surveyor-General of the Ordnance; the Duke of Manchester, Lord Chamberlain; and the Earl of Effingham, Treasurer of the Household. Mr. Kenyon was Attorney, Mr. John Lee, Solicitor-General; and Sir Fletcher Norton soon afterward obtained a Peerage, by the title of Lord Grantly. nions and This Administration comprized sufficient integrity and talent to justify the Their opi ardent hopes of the public; but many perceived, that from the heterogeneous talents. nature of the materials, the edifice could not be durable. The strange combination of parties had been described in the House of Commons, by an expressive metaphor, a rope of sand; * and even in the moment of their triumph over Lord North, their discordances of opinion produced, in two instances, smart animadversions and explanatory declarations. † Mr. Fox, though not nominally the head, was generally regarded as the principal person in administration; his powerful talents, acknowledged by all parties, and his unrivalled popularity, placed him at such a distance from his associates, that, had his disposition been infected with the slightest taint of arrogance, he might have maintained, by the force of public opinion, an uncontrouled sovereignty in the Cabinet. Mr. Fox, however, sought no peculiar distinction; and his popularity reflected on his associates a rich glow, which at once animated the hopes, and fixed the regards of the nation. But although he was superior to the little arts of exclusion, his impetuosity in enforcing, and inflexibility in maintaining his opinions were frequent subjects of complaint. Some members of Administration were personally odious to each other; Lord Thurlow, by a long course of contest in both Houses, had attracted peculiar dislike; and from his manly unbending temper, the Ministry expected impediment rather than support. Perhaps he was only suffered to retain his place from the difficulty of adjusting the rival claims of the juris-prudential Members of the new Ministry. Mr. Fox, some time before the overthrow of the late Cabinet, acknowledged that his adherents detested Lord Thurlow's sentiments on the constitution; but added, they did not mean to proscribe him. ‡ Of Lord Shelburne, Mr. Fox professed not to entertain a better opinion; while speaking in terms of affectionate veneration of Lord Rockingham, he described Lord Shelburne's character as the exact reverse, and declared that his repugnance to an association in office with him and Lord Thurlow was only overcome by the satisfactory pledge for the integrity of administration, afforded by the ascendancy of the Marquis. concerted. The particular measures in which the Administration agreed before their Measures accession to power, were stated by two of the principal Members to be: first, they had an offer to America of unconditional independence, as the basis of a negotiation for peace; secondly, the establishment of economy, by means of Mr. Burke's Bill; and thirdly, the annihilation of influence over either branch of the Legislature. § Before either of these measures could be brought forward, Ministers were Affairs of compelled, by imperious circumstances, to adopt and mature a fourth, "that of Ireland. securing the freedom of Ireland, in the most unequivocal and decisive manner."|| The weakness of the British Government in Ireland, and strength of the * See Debates, 6th March, 1782. + See Debates, 4th and 20th March, 1782. 8th March. § See the speech of the Duke of Richmond and General Conway, Debates 9th and 10th of July, 1782. General Conway's speech, 10th July. Hist. Geo.3. Transac tions in the Irish parliament Appendix. assertors of their independence on the British Parliament, inspired the party called patriots with ardent hopes of obtaining important concessions. County Adolphus, and other popular meetings were held, addresses voted, and instructions given 1782. to Members for extinguishing the powers reserved to the Privy Council under Poyning's law, procuring a Habeas Corpus Act, establishing the independence of the Judges, abolishing sinecure places, inquiring into the expenditure of the public money, securing the freedom of trade, and revising the Act for equalizing duties; and, as the best means of obtaining these ends, the Members were instructed not to concur in granting supplies for a longer period than six months. 9th Oct. The volunteer associations were encouraged in proportion as they displayed a disposition to co-operate in these views. In debating the Address on the Lord Lieutenant's Speech to Parliament, Mr. Grattan, a distinguished patriot, adverted with spleen to the manner in which the loyal exertions of the Irish were commended from the Throne, while the volunteers were not expressly mentioned. He wished he could reconcile Royal ears to that salutary and wholesome name. When the Address was carried, thanks were unanimously voted to the volunteers for their continuance and spirited exertions. A similar proposition was offered in the Upper House, where Lord Bellamont, the only dissentient, distinguished between their services and their establishment; he honoured their zeal and admired their gallantry. He would lead them with confidence, accompany them with affection; with them he would be foremost in the breach, last on the mine; but he would not perpetuate a claim which was without legal foundation: he valued them as the purest bullion, but would not recognise them as sterling, until they received the stamp of Majesty. 10th Oct. 13th Nov. In pursuance of the popular instructions, Mr. Grattan offered a bill to explain, amend, and limit the Mutiny Act. His motion was rejected, but renewed 8th Dec. early in the ensuing month by Lord Arran, and evaded by a motion of delay for six months. Six peers joined in a protest, declaring the measure equally beneficial to Great Britain and Ireland. 15th Feb. 1782. On the failure of this effort, the volunteers of the province of Ulster assemMeetings bled at Dungannon, assumed a deliberative character, of which they affirmed of the dele- themselves not to be deprived by associating in arms. Their resolutions affected volunteers. to adjust many important points of Government: the claim of any body of gates of men, other than the King, Lords, and Commons of Ireland, to legislate for that |