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The recent exhibition collected together for a single day the fragrant and smiling offspring of the earth, in their richest odours and their gaudiest hues,-and then restored them to the possession of their public-spirited and generous proprietors. It afforded, however, a short and limited representation of what is hoped for in the continuing and extended charms of the Botanical Garden.

They who witnessed this exhibition,-and where was the beauty, and the fashion, and the taste, and the science, that did not regale itself amidst the brilliant display?-enjoyed the opportunity of comparing together a greater variety of plants than has at any time before been assembled among us in a single view. They have been able to judge of the effect of particular cultivation, and to decide on its merits compared with that pursued elsewhere.—They can point out deficiencies which may be supplied, and suggest peculiar and striking excellencies, that they may be cherished and diffused.

It would be difficult to enumerate the objects that decorated the hall with a charm surpassing the effect of the most consummate art. However beautiful and delicious in themselves, description would be languid and a repetition of their thousand names would be but tedious and unsatisfactory. The visiter was alike impressed with the vivid and variegated hues which every where delighted and refreshed the eye; and with the multitude of fresh and fragrant odours which were wafted on every breeze. Nor was any perfume predominant: but each was melted into such sweet union with the rest, as to form a combined fragrance not less delicious than its own.

Among the foremost candidates for admiration, it would be inhospitable not to notice some of those which have journeyed far to become inhabitants themselves, and to multiply their successive generations in a country distant from their own. Those that are omitted are acarcely less deserving of attention and praise.

The Aster Muscosa would have diffused a musky scent as powerful as that which is imparted by the animal of Tonquin of Thibet, had it not been tempered with a combination of perfumes, with the pungent fragrance of the Orange and the Lemon, and the delicate sweetness of countless roses of various colors.

Great varieties of the Magnolia appeared in all their splendor, especially the Macrophylla of the south, with its flowers four feet in circumference; and leaves proportionably large.

There were also Pelargoniums (geraniums) of immense variety, splendid in foliage and flower.

Pæonias from China, rare and of delightful fragrance; and multitudes of bouquets formed of the most uncommon and beautiful flowers.

Carnations were displayed of various colours; some of these presented by Dr. Miller, were near twelve inches in circumference.

Lilium Longiflora, from seed presented to one of the contributors by the London Horticultural Society. The Double White Pomegranate.

The rare and beautiful Ruellia Persisfolią. The magnificent and curious Strelitzia Reginæ, queen of flowers, from the Cape of Good Hope.

A new Euphorbia, with bright Scarlet bracteas or floral leaves, presented to the Bartram collection by Mr. Poinsett, United States Minister to Mexico. Curiosity was also gratified with a close and minute examination of several of the trees and plants from whose prolific branches some of the greatest luxuries

are derived.

The green and the Bohea Tea, from China.

Olea Europea, producing the olive fruit, Splendid specimens of the Sago Palm.

Piper Nigrum, or Black Pepper of the East Indies. Carolinea Princeps, or Cream Nut Tree, from Guinea. Testudinaria-Elephantipis, or Hottenton bread, supposed to be upwards of one hundred years old.

In a word the spacious hall was redolent with sweets, and sparkling with beauty; wherever the attention was directed, a rich fragrance courted its continuance, while some new object perpetually invited it to wander from shrub to shrub-from flower to flower.

Nor were the humble productions of our own country unworthily represented by specimens of the finest strawberries, indigenous potatoe, and other esculent vegetables.

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This brilliant exhibition owes its merit to the individual patronage and contributions of gentlemen amateurs and professional cultivators.

Of the former were George Pepper, Esquire; Dr. Miller; Peter A. Browne, Esquire; Henry Pratt, Esquire; Joshua Longstreth, Esq.; Mr. Pierpoint; Samuel Wetherill, Esq.

Of the latter, Robert Carr, Esq.; Mr. D'Arras; Mr. Parker; Messrs D. and C. Landreth; Thomas Hibbert; Mr. M'Arran; Daniel Maupay.

Extract of a letter from Lebanon, dated June 17, 1829. "We have been visited this afternoon about 5 o'clock, with a most terrific storm, accompanied with heavy rain, and some little hail.

"The brick meeting house at the edge of the wood near the Union Canal Company's basin, is blown down. Part of Philip Huber's house in Lebanon, and the roof of several houses are carried away. A number of large trees in the vicinity of this place are blown down.

"Report says that the roofs of 3 or 4 barns in the neighbourhood are blown off, and that Mr. Staver's brick house 13 miles from this place was blown down." METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER.

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Sugar Cane, from the West Indies. Ficus Elastica, or Indian rubber tree (the Caoutchouc 29 29 0 of commerce,) with its splendid foliage.

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The Coffee Tree of Arabia, bending under the pressure of its berries, in their various advances towards maturity, from the green to the reddish hue.

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Mr. Editor:-A meteor of rather singular character made its appearance in the heavens last night, between the hours of eleven and twelve o'clock. As a great number of your readers, owing to the lateness of the hour, had not an opportunity of observing it, I shall endeavour to give some description of it.

It arose apparently from the neighbourhood of the Schuylkill, and passing over Kensington and the river Delaware, finally disappeared behind the woods of Jersey. A long trail of light, like that of a shooting star was seen to follow it in the beginning of its ascension; large sparkles separated themselves from it and descended slowly, were distinctly visible until hidden from view by the tops of the houses. Its motions were rapid, irregular, and wavering, like the fluttering of a kite or the rocking of an air balloon. Its appearance was of a deep red colour, and remarkably brilliant, seemingly of about half the size of the moon. It arose until it crossed the Delaware; when it appeared but an inconsiderable speck scarcely discernable, and then descended with astonishing velocity until within a short distance of the horizon, where it remained stationary for a few moments. Suddenly it became exceedingly large and brilliant, sparkles again separated from the main body, and descended as before. It soon after became dim and disappeared behind the trees. Altogether, I should suppose it was visible about fifteen or twenty minutes.-Aurora.

Friday morning, July 11th, 1829.

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Value of Domestic and Foreign Articles Exported to each Country.

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Total,

$352,498

36,922

1983

38,905

5980

2015

7995

10,434

2668

13,102

10,206

5418

15,624

3479

3479

1937

1937

270

5028

5298

8780

642

9422

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The crops of grain in this county promise a plentiful harvest. The grass now about being cut down by the scythe of the mower, will realize the sanguine anticipations of the farmer. And the fruit trees, if not injured by caterpillars, which in many places have made their appeara ce, and commenced their work of destruction, will yield an abundance of fruit.

Last week, a head of rye, taken from a field in Whitemarsh township, which measures seven inches long and contains about 100 grains, was left at this office.

On Wednesday evening last, we had a severe storm, accompanied by vivid flashes of lightning and loud peals of thunder. Some time during the evening the lightning struck the gable end of the Presbyterian meeting-house in this borough-broke all the lights in three windows, cracked the wall, and did some other trifling injury— the whole expense, we have been informed, will not amount to more than 15 or 20 dollars to repair the damage. Herald.

The new Express Line of Post Coaches, between this City and Easton, Pa. left Easton at 4 o'clock this morning, arrived in this city at 10 o'clock, performing the route in six hours and 30 minutes, which is half an hour less time than the route was ever performed by any other line, and from three to six hours earlier than the same route was performed previous to this line being established.

U. S. Gaz.

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The Canal.-The water reached the Allegheny Locks, on Wednesday last, but, owing to soakage, leakage, and evaporation, not in sufficient quantity to fill the locks for the purpose of navigation. Active exertions are making to remove these difficulties, which, on a line of 80 miles, were naturally to be expected; and it is confidently anticipated that in a very short time the whole line of canal from Blairsville to this city will be in good condition for navigation. There is no feeder for the last 36 miles. Experience will probably show that Deer creek will necessarily have to be used for that purpose.

On Saturday morning last, the Packet Boat, Gen. Lacock, left this for Freeport, with a number of the citi zens on board. It arrived here on Sunday morning last, and departed yesterday.

Large Slates.-We mentioned a short time since, that a large piece of slate had been discovered in this county. We had the pleasure of seeing another a few days ago, from Moore township. It is 16 feet in length, 6 in width, and not over 4 inches thick. Easton Argus.

Printed every SATURDAY MORNING by WILLIAM F. GEDDES, No. 59 Locust Street, Philadelphia; where, and at door back of the Post Office, (back room) subscriptions will be the PUBLICATION OFFICE, IN FRANKLIN PLACE, secoud thankfully received. Price FIVE DOLLARS per annum, payable annually by subscribers residing in or near the city, or where there is an agent. Other subscribers pay in advance.

THE

REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA.

DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFUL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE.

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73, 74. Neither asses or mules are worked or bred Tea, the same sort of meat and bread, for supper, someamong us.

times mush and milk in winter.

94. In summer farmers work from sunrise to sunset, allowing an hour or an hour and an half for breakfast, and the same for dinner. In winter they breakfast by candle light, and join their work at the first dawn of day; they are called to dinner, eat and go to it again. 95, 96. Such a domestic as an English butler is unknown to the Bedford farmers, and servants almost as much so. They adopt the admonition given by Martha Trapbois to Glenvarlock: "The wise man is his own best assistant," and are aware that no man is truly independent who depends on the labour or fidelity of others for his comfort.

75 to 82. We have no slaves nor do we boast of an exemption from that which it would be degradation to be subject to. Such a miserable thing as a slave, and such an arrogant thing as the master of a slave are unknown to us. We are all free as the pure unfettered mountain air that we breathe, and we intend to continue so.— Nevertheless, some wretched creatures who have escaped from their masters in the neighboring states occasionally seek refuge here, but they are habitually dishonest and lazy. Not one in a hundred will earn what he eats. They have a repugnance to rural occupations, and notwithstanding their dread of discovery, they resort to the towns and congregate with persons as worthless as themselves. On the whole, one white man rais-week. ed in the country, is worth, cne year with another, four black men raised in slavery. A white man works as well when his employer is absent as when he is with him, a negro must be eternally goaded to his work.

97. The wages of maids vary from 50 to 75 cents a

98. A few spirited individuals are adopting the use of lime, clover, gypsum, and a more advantageous and less exhausting course of crops. The culture of clover is rapidly increasing. It has been the custom hereto83 to 86, inclusive. The usual wages for a good fore to crop the land as long as it will produce any hand, when boarding and lodging is provided, is from thing, and no means taken to renovate it. This de$5 to $7 per month: If by the day, from 31 to 373 cents. structive system is to be attributed to the peculiar ci!We seldom reap our grain. It is generally cradled.cumstances of the country. Bedford has been princiThe cradler gets 75 or 80 cents a day, the raker half as pally settled by emigrants from Europe, the lowmuch, and the binder the same as a raker. Grain is er part of this state from Maryland and New Jersey.seldom cut by the acre. It has been done in a few in- They were generally very poor, and had barely the stances and then the workmen got $1 25 per acre for means of reaching here. There were large tracts of wheat, rye and oats. They housed the grain and found unseated lands in all parts of the country, the property themselves. The wagon and team was provided by the of persons living at a distance, some of them in Engowner. For mowing an acre of meadow grass we pay land. On this land the emigrants squatted. They con40 cents, and for clover not more than 37. But this structed wretched cabins of logs, with clap-board roofs, kind of work is usually done by the day, and then the to shelter their heads from the rigor of the season. The price varies from 373 to 50 cents per day. floor sometimes consisted of earth, sometimes of puncheons; a partition was unknown; the single room served the purpose of a kitchen, eating room, work shop, and bed chamber, for the family. Perhaps an equally wretched hovel contained their horse and a cow or a hog. The first year a patch was cleared for potatoes and corn. Next year a field for wheat. The labour of clearing land fit for the plough is prodigious, and to open a farm of a hundred acres is the work of years.— Many years must necessarily be passed in painful toil be. fore enough is cleared to maintain a family and keep a pair of horses. In the mean time the first cleared was worn out. Add to this the perpetual apprehension the squatter is under of being removed by a non-resident landholder, from the spot of his affections, the spot where he has struggled and toiled from youth to age, suffering all the privations to which a pioneer of the forest is subject-and we will cease to condemn the bad buildings and bad husbandry of our people.

87. Grain is generally threshed with the flail. If the workman is found in boarding and lodging he gets the tenth bushel all round of wheat, rye and oats; if he provides himself he gets the ninth.

88. A good hand can reap an acre of wheat in a day. They reap through, bind back and shock in the evening.

89. A good hand can cradle four acres of wheat, rye or oats, but then he must have his raker and binder after him. Thus there is but little difference in the expense of reaping and cradling, because a reaper usually gets 50 cents, and a cradler 75 or 80 cents, and a cradler will not do much more than three reapers, and never as clean harvested.

90. An acre and an half of meadow land and two acres of clover is a day's work for a scythe.

91, 92. The number of bushels a man can thresh in a day depends on the quality of the crop. If the grain is good about eight bushels of wheat and fifteen bushels of oats.

93. The food of the agricultural labourer, or help, as they are called, is the same as that of their employer.No farmer in Bedford county could get a hireling if he made any distinction, and the entire family, maids, men, children, wife and master, eat at the same table. The quality of the fare depends on the circumstances of the VOL. IV. 7

In order that the matter may be rightly understood, it is necessary to take a coup de œil of Pennsylvania te

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should seem fit, and not immediately of the crown," the Penns covenanting to extinguish the Indian title. The tenures under Penn have therefore been said to be by a kind of rent service. complete title consists in a warrant, survey, patent and possession, and then the allodium is in the purchaser.

In the early settlement of our state, bodies of forest land were taken up by companies and individuals on speculation, who never contemplated settlement or improvement, but who purchased with a view of holding them until a rise in the price would pay them a heavy interest on their capital. This speculation business has retarded the population of Pennsylvania more than any other local cause. Some lands in this county, surveyed in 1763, are yet a wilderness.

As the eastern part of the state became more thickly settled, and lands became difficult to acquire, the poorer farmers moved out back; that is, to the west, and finding uncultivated lands without a claimant they squatted on them, erected temporary buildings & began to raise grain. These were joined by emigrants from the adjoining states and from Europe, and in process of time became a numerous and formidable body of men. When the proprietors discovered the intruders, they brought suits in ejectment against them. In some instances the squatters took leases and became tenants; in other cases they held out and plead to the declaration; relying on defect of title in the plaintiffs, or on a possession of 21 years. An actual, adverse bona fide, uninterrupted possession of 21 years, without the shadow of written title, will cut out the best office title in Pennsylvania. Actual settlement and improvement have at all times been peculiar favorites of the legislature, of courts and juries, and where non-residents brought suit against actual settlers, if a flaw could be picked in the title the plaintiffs were mulct in costs. However, the title generally was good, and the squatters aware that nothing short of 21 years' possession could protect them, expended nothing in improvement, and scalped the land. This is one cause of the absence of good husbandry in Bedford.

Again, tenants leasing from year to year have no inducement to erect costly and permanent buildings, or sow artificial grasses, because there is no certainty of their enjoying the benefit of their labour. Those two causes produce a wretched state of agriculture, the poverty of farmers, the absence of education and polite

manners.

Those obstructions to every thing desirable are diminishing. Titles are becoming better ascertained, suits in ejectment are fewer, and the landlords desirous of selling and giving the preference to the tenants, and making the payments favourable. In justice to the nonresidents, it ought to be observed, that with one solitary exception, I have never known a tenant treated with severity, but every indulgence has been extended to them to enable them to pay their rent, or the purchase money if they have contracted for the land. We may fairly hope to see Bedford from this time forward progressing as rapidly in agricultural improvement as she is in population,

99. Very little advancement has been made in improvement of stock, because too much dependence is placed in the woods for pasture, and the policy of the general government possesses no stability; white oak leaves and hickory buds never make good cattle. People must sow more clover, and plough less, before they can raise good stock; & they must have more confidence in the government, before they will go to the expense of purchasing the improved breeds. The improved breed of hogs from Chester county has been introduced, and Merino sheep, but the extent of the latter is limited. Our cattle are little better than highland stags.

100. The price of unlocated lands, bought of the government of Pennsylvania, is at present $26 67 per 100

acres.

It has varied at different periods, having been 50 shillings currency per 100 acres.

In states where the United States possess lands the

price is $1 25 per acre. There are no United States lands in Pennsylvania. The United States owned a tract on Lake Erie, including Presque Isle, which was not deemed to have been conveyed to Penn by Charles; and by deed dated March 3, 1792, the United States, for the consideration of $151,640 25, conveyed the Lake Erie tract to Pennsylvania, and thus extinguished the claim of the general government to lands within this Commonwealth forever:

The public lands of this Commonwealth formerly belonged to the Penn family under the charter of Charles; but in 1779 the Assembly by act, made for that purpose, divested them of the lands, and vested them in the commonwealth, and abolished quit-rents, reserving to the Penns, the proprietary tenths or manors then actually surveyed and their private estates. To the lands thus divested the United States never had any claim Had the Penns continued to possess Pennsylvania, they would at this time have been the richest family in the world.

101. Every landholder lives by the sweat of his brow. 103. There is a bank here, or the ghost of a bank.— It has been endeavouring to wind up its concerns for several years.

104. It is hazardous to attempt to establish the comparative fertility of soil in the eastern and western states. The corn on Lake Champlain appeared to me not worth raising. In some parts of New York it is as good as in Pennsylvania. I have heard it said in Lancaster county by experienced farmers, that one year with another 25 bushels shelled corn was a good yield; and Lancaster is proverbial in Pennsylvania for fertility of soil and excellence of tillage. It is not uncommon on the Ohio, Mississippi, Missouri and their tributary streams, to raise 75 bushels shelled corn to the acre. An aged farmer, on what is called the American bottom, in Illinois, told me, that having raised corn on the same land for 30 consecutive years, he tried a corner of it in wheat, and it grew rank, taller than a man's head, moulded and produced no grain, Maurice Birkbeck estimated the produce of corn at English prairie at 50 bushels per acre. In Louisiana they raise two crops of corn in a year. The Ma-ta-po-ny bottoms in Virginia approaches the fertility of western lands. There are, however, large tracts of bariens in the western states, particularly on the Grande Rivier la Plaitte. Were I to venture a guess, I should say the best lands on the Missouri and Mississippi produce twice as much as the best lands in Pennsylvania, cast of the mountains, provided no manure or other artificial means are used to produce a crop, the plough and hoe excepted.

106. I have made some inquiries respecting the proportion of births to marriages. The following is the result of inquiries made of twenty of my neighbours, taken promiscuously as opportunity offered, and without making any selection, excepting only families the heads of which were not above the middle age. Many of them have not arrived at the age of forty. In cases where the women are old and past child-bearing, I have affixed the letter O; where there is a probability of their having more children they are marked B. It is impossible in our country to answer the rest of the query. No. 1, 10 B. 2, 8 0. 3, 10

0.

4, 8 B.

No. 11, 9 B.

12, 10 0.

13, 3 0.

14, 9 B.

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