children, has granted us a greater liberty of harshness or severity towards each other. These are the reasons why I deem it unlawful. And there is no one, I think, but must be sensible how absurd it is, and even pernicious to the commonwealth, that a thief and a murderer should receive the same punishment.

239. Solidus legalis.

Lawful shilling.

The burthen of proof.

240. Onus probandi.

243. Qui vi rapuit, fur improbior esse videtur.

He who hath taken by force, seems to be the more iniquitous thief.

252. Tradat fidejussores de pace et legalitate tuenda.

Let him deliver sureties for maintaining peace and good behaviour.

260. Licet apud consilium accusare quoque, et discrimen capitis intendere.

It is allowed to bring accusations before the council, and to commence capital prosecutions.

261. Dum bene se gesserit.

While he shall have conducted himself well.

261. Pro hac vice.

For the special case.

262. Quand un seigneur de parlement serra arrein de treason ou felony, le roy par ses lettres patents fera un grand et sage seigneur d'estre le grand seneschal d'Angleterre: qui doit faire un precept pur faire venir xx seigneurs ou xviii, &c.

When a lord of parliament is arraigned on a charge of treason or felony, the king by his letters patent shall create some wise and noble peer Lord High Steward of England, who shall issue out a precept to summon eighteen or twenty lords, &c.

262. Secundum legem et consuetudinem Angliæ.

According to the law and custom of England.

262. Certiorari.

263. Pro tempore.

To have notice given him.

For the time.

264. Episcopi, sicut cæteri barones, debent interesse judiciis cum baronibus, quousque perveniatur ad diminutionem membrorum, vel ad mortem.

The bishops ought to be present at trials, as well as the other barons, unless they involve the loss of life or limb.

265. Durante viduitate.

265. Nisi prius.

During widowhood.

Unless before.

266. Jure vetusto obtinuit, quievisse omnia inferiora judicia, dicente jus rege. It was the ancient practice that all inferior courts of justice should be discontinued in those places where the king administered justice.

266. Oyer et terminer.

To hear and determine.

266. En la chaumbre des esteiles pres la resceipt la Westminster. In the star chamber near the Exchequer at Westminster.

266. De computatione procuratorum.

Of the stewards' accounts.

266. In fine computi fiat starrum per modum dividendæ, in quo ponentur omnia remanentia in communi cistà tam pignora quam pecunia, ac etiam arreragia et debita, ita quod omnibus constare poterit evidenter, in quo statu tunc universitas fuerit quoad bona, &c.

Finally he shall cause an inventory to be made under distinct heads, in which all that remains in the common chest, as well securities as money, and also arrears and debts, shall be inserted, that it may be evident to all in what state the university be, as to its effects, &c.

270. De bono et malo.

272. Custos rotulorum.

Of good and evil.

Keeper of the Rolls.

274. De omnibus quidem cognoscit, non tamen de omnibus judicat.

Takes cognizance of all offences, but does not give judgment in all.

283.

Qui statuit aliquid, parte inaudita altera.
Equum licet statuerit, haud æquus fuit.

He who prefers a charge against another, however just it may be, will himself be unjust, unless the accused be heard in his own defence.

284. Supersedeas.

A command to stay or forbear doing that which ought not to be done.

286. A qua non deliberentur sine speciali præcepto domini regis.

From which they may not be released without special command of the king.

292. Virtute officii.

By virtue of their office.

Of the office of coroner.

293. De officio coronatoris.

296. Nemo tenebatur prodere seipsum. No one was obliged to betray himself.

298. In omnibus placitis de felonia solet accusatus per plegios dimitti, præterquam in placito de homicidio, ubi ad terrorem aliter statutum est.

In all pleas of felony the accused is usually discharged upon bail, except in the plea of murder, where, to deter others, it is otherwise decreed.

299. De excommunicato capiendo.

For taking an excommunicated person.

299. In omnibus placitis de felonia solet accusatus per plegios dimitti, præterquam in placito de homicidio.-Sciendum tamen quod, in hoc placito, non solet accusatus per plegios dimitti, nisi ex regiæ potestatis beneficio.

In all pleas of felony the accused is usually discharged upon bail, except in the plea of murder.-Nevertheless it should be observed that, in this plea, it is not customary to discharge the accused on bail, unless through favour of the royal authority.

300. Mittimus.

We send or commit.

300. Custodes pœnam sibi commissorum non augeant, nec eos torqueant; sed omni sævitia remota, pietateque adhibita, judicia debite exequantur.

Let not gaolers torture or augment the punishment of those entrusted to their keeping; but let the sentence of the law be duly yet mercifully executed.

302. Exeant seniores duodecim thani, et præfectus cum eis, et jurent super sanctuarium quod eis in manus datur, quod nolint ullum innocentem accusare, nec aliquem noxium celare.

Let twelve elder freemen, and the foreman with them, retire and swear upon the holy book which is given into their hands that they will not accuse any innocent person, nor skreen any criminal.

313. Luitur homicidium certo armentorum ac pecorum numero; recipitque satisfactionem universa domus.

The whole family receives satisfaction, and the homicide is expiated by a certain recompense in flocks and herds.

313. Delictis, pro modo pœnarum, equorum pecorumque numero convicti mulctantur. Pars mulctæ regi vel civitati; pars ipsi qui vindicatur, vel propinquis ejus, exsolvitur.

Those who are convicted of offences are punished by a fine of a certain number of horses and cattle. One part of the fine is paid to the king or state, the other part to the plaintiff or to his relations.

315. Præscriptio annalis, quæ currit adversus actorem, si de homicida ei non constet intra annum a cæde facta, nec quenquam interea arguat et accuset.

The limitation of a year, which runs against the appellor, if he prove not the homicide within a year from its perpetration, or bring his accusation within that time.

315. Nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto.

No one is punished twice for the same offence.

316. Nam quilibet potest renunciare juri pro se introducto.

For any one may relinquish a right introduced for his own avail.

326. De inope debitore secando. "Eo consilio tanta immanitas pœnæ denunciata est, ne ad eam unquam perveniretur."

Of cutting the insolvent debtor into pieces. "Such a cruelty of punishment was denounced in that law, that it never was put in execution."

326. Dissectum esse antiquitus neminem equidem neque legi neque audivi.

I have neither read nor heard that anciently any debtor was ever cut into pieces.

327. Tamen illa tormenta gubernat dolor, moderatur natura cujusque tum animi tum corporis, regit quæsitor, flectit libido, corrumpit spes, infirmat metus, ut in tot rerum angustiis nihil veritati loci relinquatur.

Nevertheless, these torments are regulated by pain; they are more or less great in each sufferer, according to his strength of mind or body, the inquisitor directs them, the will bends, hope corrupts, fear enfeebles, so that in the dread and distraction of his situation, there is no place left for the consideration of truth.

327. Al common ley, &c. [translated in the text.]

328. Et fuit dit, que le contraire avoit estre fait devant ces heures.
And it was said, that the contrary had been done before this time.

330. Ex debito justitiæ

As due to justice.

336. Cessante ratione, cessat et ipsa lex.

The reason ceasing, the law itself ceases.

338. Nil debet.

He owes nothing.

338. Quia interest reipublicæ ut sit finis litium.

Because it is for the public good that there be an end to contentions.

338. In favorem vitæ.

From a regard to life.

339. Proditorie et contra ligeantiæ suæ debitum. Traitorously and against his due allegiance.

339. Felonice.

Feloniously.

341. Non inde est culpabilis, et pro bono et malo ponit se super patriam. He is not guilty of this, and for good and for ill puts himself on his country.

343. Tenetur se purgare is qui accusatur, per Dei judicium; scilicet per calidum ferrum, vel per aquam, pro diversitate conditionis hominum: per ferrum calidum si fuerit homo liber; per aquam si fuerit rusticus.

The accused party is bound to clear himself by the judgment of God; that is, either by hot iron, or by water, according to his rank: by hot iron, if he be a freeman; by water, if of inferior degree.

344. Judicium ferri, aquæ et ignis.

The judgment of iron, water, and fire.

344. Non defuit illis operæ et laboris pretium; semper enim ab ejusmodi judicio aliquid lucri sacerdotibus obveniebat.

They did not go without reward for their pains and labour; for from judgments of this kind some gain always accrued to the priests.

344. Cum sit contra præceptum Domini, non tentabis Dominum Deum tuum. Since it is against the commandment of the Lord-thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God.

345. Per buccellam deglutiendam abjuravit.

He abjured it by swallowing the morsel of execration.