happen that any of the persons whose names are here enumerated (unknown to me) should now be dead, or should die before me, that in either of these cases, the heir of such deceased person shall, notwithstanding, derive all the benefits of the bequest in the same manner as if he or she was actually living at the time. And, by way of advice, I recommend it to my executors not to be precipitate in disposing of the landed property (herein directed to be sold), if from temporary causes the sale thereof should be dull; experience having fully evinced, that the price of land, especially above the falls of the river and on the western waters, has been progressively rising, and cannot be long checked in its increasing value. And I particularly recommend it to such of the regatees (under this clause of my will), as can make it convenient, to take each a share of my stock in the Potomac Company in preference to the amount of what it might sell for; being thoroughly convinced myself that no uses to which the money can be applied, will be so productive as the tolls arising from this navigation when in full operation (and thus, from the nature of things, it must be, ere long), and more especially if that of the Shenandoah is added thereto.
The family vault at Mount Vernon requiring repairs, and being improperly situated besides, I desire that a new one of brick, and upon a larger scale, may be built at the foot of what is commonly called the Vineyard Enclosure, on the ground which is marked out; in which my remains, with those of my deceased relations (now in the old vault), and such others of my family as may choose to be entombed there, may be deposited. And it is my express desire, that my corpse may be interred in a private manner, without parade or funeral oration.
LASTLY, I constitute and appoint my dearly beloved wife, Martha Washington, my nephews, William Augustine Washington, Bushrod Washington, George Steptoe Washington, Samuel Washington, and Lawrence Lewis, and my ward, George Washington Parke Custis (when he shall have arrived at the age of twenty-one years), executrix and executors of this my will and testament; in the construction of which it will be readily perceived, that no professional character has been consulted, or has had any agency in the draft; and that, although it has occupied many of my leisure hours to digest, and to throw it into its present form, it may, notwithstanding, appear crude and incorrect; but, having endeavoured to be plain and explicit in all the devises, even at the expense of prolixity, perhaps of tautology, I hope and trust that no disputes will arise concerning them. But if, contrary to expectation, the case should be otherwise, from the want of legal expressions, or the usual technical terms, or because too much or too little has been said on any of the devises to be consonant with law, my will and direction expressly is, that all disputes (if unhappily any should
arise) shall be decided by three impartial and intelligent men, known for their probity and good understanding, two to be chosen by the disputants, each having the choice of one, and the third by those two; which three men, thus chosen, shall, unfettered by law or legal constructions, declare their sense of the testator's intention; and such decision is, to all intents and purposes, to be as binding on the parties as if it had been given in the Supreme Court of the United States.
In witness of all and of each of the things herein contained, I have set my hand and seal, this ninth day of July, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety,1 and of the Independence of the United States the twenty-fourth.
1 It appears that the testator omitted the word "nine."
ABERCROMBIE, General, appointed to the general command in America, 187; encamps at Lake George, 191; failure of his rash assault, 193; superseded, 205.
Abraham, the Heights of, scaled by Wolfe, 213.
Ackland, Lady Harriet, joins her wounded husband in Burgoyne's camp, 869; intrepidity of, 876; distress of, 899; her heroism, 898; her reception in the American camp, 899; married to Mr. Brudenell, 908.
-, Major, wounded, 797; again wounded and taken prisoner, 893; killed in a duel, 908. Adains, a waggoner, killed, 157.
John, on the first opposition to the arbitrary claims of Great Britain, 233; his conduct at town meetings, 277; speech at the meet- ing of the first Congress, 279; letter to his wife, 281; opposes the petition to the King, 314; extracts from his diary, 317; letter from his wife in praise of Washington, 348; her account of General Lee, 349; letter to General Thomas, 422; account of a dinner party at General Mifflin's, 435; a member of the Board of War and Ordnance, 505; speech at the Declaration of Independence, 528; member of a Committee, 590; Vice-President, 1140; his opinions on ceremonial matters, 1451; considers the post
of Vice President beneath his talents, 1510; charged with advo- cating monarchy, 1511; re-elected, 1542; remarks on Washington's speech about Genet, 1576; writes to his wife about affairs in France, 1580; conversation with Washing- ton, 1581; declared President, 1631; present at a farewell dinner given by Washington, 1632; takes the oath of office, speaks highly of Washington in his Inaugural Ad- dress, 1633; issues a proclamation for a special session of Congress, 1641; appoints three envoys ex- traordinary to the French Republic, 1643; perplexed by the belligerent duties devolving on him, writes to Washington, 1646; who replies, 1647; states his reasons for the nomination of Washington, 1647; his reply to the letter of the Senate on the death of Washington, 1692. Adams, Mrs, letter from her husband, 281; letter to her husband in praise of Washington, 348; her account of his military compeer, General Lee, 349; account of an evening party at General Mifflin's, 435; her patriotic feelings, 477; present at a farewell dinner given by Washing- ton, 1632.
Samuel, presides at town meeting, 277; speech at the meet- ing of the first Congress, 280; receives information of General Gage's movements from Dr. Joseph Warren, 301; irresolution of, 316; excepted from the proffered amnesty,
322; as Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts, receives Washington at Cambridge, 1473.
Adams, Sir Thomas, a British naval officer, 227.
Adet, Mr., succeeds Mr. Fauchet as minister from the French Republic to the United States, 1602; pre- sents the colours of France to Washington, 1618, 1630. Agnew, Brigadier-General, killed at Germantown, 915.
Agriculture, love of Washington for, 1409.
Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, does not
settle the boundaries in America, 33. Alarm-signals, for the Jerseys, 1051. Albany, panic at, on the approach of Burgoyne, 797.
Alexandria, grand council of war at, 112; Washington's bequest to the town, 1696. Aliquippa, Queen, Washington's visit to, 69; medal sent to her son, who received the name of Fairfax, 90. Allegany, River, crossed by Washing- ton on a raft, 68. Allen, Ensign, employed to drill the Virginians, 121.
Ethan, and the "Green Moun- tain Boys," 310; arrives at Ticonde- roga, 311; surprises and takes the fort, 312; rivalry between him and Benedict Arnold, 373; his letter to the New York Congress, ib.; his projects, 375; joins the army as a volunteer, 381; his enthusiasm, 394; taken prisoner, 395; his letter to the British General, 396; his conduct censured by Washing- ton, 397; letter concerning, 426; his devotion and misfortunes, 723; exchanged for Colonel Campbell, 999; his retirement, 1000.
Levi, brother of Ethan, his fraternal zeal, 428; letter from, ib. Amboy, evacuation of, by the British, 774.
Ambuscade, the, captures the Grange, a British vessel, 1558; defeats the Boston, 1570.
American Colonies, their treatment by England, 231; debate on the right of taxing, 234; Acts of Parliament for levying taxes in, 242; armed vessels fitted out by the Congress to defend the coasts of the, 403; Burke on the state of affairs in the, 717. independence, declaration
of, 528. Ames, Fisher, on the Congress, 1463; opposed to Colonel Parker of Vir- ginia, 1581; remark upon the pub- lication of the Farewell Address, 1627.
Amesbury, a British spy, seized, 772. Amherst, Major-General, expedition under, 188; popularity of, 205; captures Ticonderoga, 207; re- pairs the works, ib.; his orders to General Murray, 217; his expedi- tion against Montreal, which capi- tulates, 217.
Anderson, Ephraim, his scheme against the British ships at New York approved by Congress, 556; not carried out, 557.
André, Major, pageant of the Mis- chianza got up by, 997; aide-de- camp to Sir Henry Clinton, 1153; correspondence with General Ar- nold, 1153; his varied talents, 1156; his correspondence with Mrs. Arnold, ib.; his midnight confer- ence with Arnold, 1159; uneasiness of, 1160; his journey in disguise, 1161; his capture, 1163; circum- stances attending it, 1165; his de- jection, 1166; his papers sent to Washington, ib.; his letter to Washington, 1167; his propensity for caricature, 1168; orders for his security, 1174; his conduct as a prisoner, 1177; conveyed to Tap- pan, 1180; writes to Sir H. Clin- ton, 1182; his proposed exchange for Arnold, 1183; his talents and accomplishments, 1184; interces- sion of Sir H. Clinton on his behalf, 1185; his affecting appeal rejected, 1187; review of his conduct, 1188; his execution, 1190; his remains
disinterred and buried in Westmin- ster Abbey, ib.; his captors re- warded, 1191; sympathy for his fate, 1193.
Angel, Colonel, his brave defence of a
bridge at Springfield, 1128. Annapolis, the seat of government of Maryland, described, 227. Apportionment Bill, the, 1520; ob- jections of Washington, 1521; a new bill substituted, to which he consents, ib. Arbuthnot, Admiral, enters Charles- ton harbour, 1112; fleet under, 1077; his approach to Charleston, 1114; his action with the French fleet, 1281. Armstrong, Captain, bravery of, 1310. Colonel John, destroys the savages at Kittanning, 172; wounded, 173.
Major, 710; his atten- tions to General Mercer, 713.
Major-General, his testi- mony to Washington's services, 928; particulars respecting, 1374. Army, American, why styled the Con-
tinental, 318; its constitution, 322, 353; discontents among its officers, 357; arrangements at head-quar- ters, 358; its distribution, 362; rigid discipline in the, ib.; scarcity of gunpowder, 366; difficulties in fitting it out, 423; disbanded, 445; defeated at Quebec, 461; regula- tions in, 505; its condition at Crown Point, 542; secret discon- tents among the troops at, 545; loss of, at Long Island, 577; its distressed state at New York, 585; desertions in, 588; arrangements of the, 619; its sad plight, 627, 947, 1201; its perilous situation, 659; crosses the Delaware, 687; wants of the, 735, 1227; reinforced, 870; retreats to Perkiomen Creek, 914; scarcity in the camp, 977; disciplined, 985; its retreat, 1013; its winter cantonments, 1051; its sufferings, 1081; impressment of supplies for it, 1083, 1105; mu-
tiny, in the, 1109; its inefficient state, 1287; goes into winter quar- ters, 1352; discontents in the, 1361, 1365; its junction with the French army, 1363; memorial of its offi- cers to Congress, 1365; anonymous papers circulated in the, 1366; bold but dangerous appeal to, 1368; letter of Washington on behalf of, 1372; dismissed on furlough, 1377; discharged from service, 1385; part- ing address of Washington to, 1385. Army, British, why styled Ministerial, 318; its movements before New York, 593; its composition, 779; capitulation of the, under Bur- goyne, 904; indolence and luxury in the, 978; under Lord Cornwal- lis, surrenders to the Americans, 1348; ceremonies on the capitula- 1349.
Arnold, Benedict, particulars relative to, 311; surprises and takes St. John's, 313; rivalry between him and Ethan Allen, 373; throws up his command, 377; his impatience, 378; important command entrusted to, 389; fears for, 392; progress of, 398; his difficulties in the wil- derness, 415; eulogized by Wash- ington, 420; his proceedings at Point Levi, 437; lands at Wolfe's Cove, 438; withdraws to Point aux Trembles, 440; wounded, 460; his gallantry, 462, 753; blockades Quebec, 497; his difficulties, ib.; disastrous news received by, 507; flotilla under, 636; his gallantry, 638; his brave resistance, 639; slight put upon, 749; his miracu- lous escape, 752; declines command on the Hudson, 765; appointed to command in Philadelphia, 768; enterprise headed by, 834; his stratagem to relieve Fort Stanwix, 843; his success, 844; army under, 873; his impetuous attack on the British, 875; his dispute with Ge- neral Gates, 878; his indignant letter, 879; impatient for battle, 891; wounded, 894; in command
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