DICTIONARY

OF

PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY

OF

PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY

INCLUDING

MANY OF THE PRINCIPAL CONCEPTIONS OF ETHICS, LOGIC, AESTHETICS,
PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION, MENTAL PATHOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY,
BIOLOGY, NEUROLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, ECONOMICS, POLITICAL

AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, PHILOLOGY, PHYSICAL
SCIENCE, AND EDUCATION

AND GIVING

A TERMINOLOGY IN ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, AND ITALIAN

PH.D. (PRINCETON), HON. D.Sc. (Oxon.), HON. LL.D. (GLASGOW, COLL. OF So. Car., etc.)

PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY IN THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

FORMERLY STUART PROFESSOR IN PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

WITH THE CO-OPERATION AND ASSISTANCE OF AN INTERNATIONAL
BOARD OF CONSULTING EDITORS ·

IN THREE VOLUMES

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND EXTENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES

VOL. III

PART II

New York

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

London

MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED

(J. M. B.) Professor J. MARK BALDWIN, Princeton University.

(J. D.) (W. J.) (E. B. P.) (A. S. P. P.) (H. S.) (G. F. S.)

CONSULTING EDITORS:

For English.

Professor JOHN DEWEY, Columbia University.
Professor WILLIAM JAMES, Harvard University.
Professor E. B. POULTON, Oxford University.
Professor ANDREW SETH PRINGLE-PATTISON, Edinburgh University.
Professor H. SIDGWICK, Cambridge University.
Professor G. F. STOUT, St. Andrews University.

For French.

Professor YVES DELAGE, Sorbonne (Faculté des Sciences), Paris.
Professor TH. FLOURNOY, Geneva University.

Professor PIERRE JANET, Collège de France.

(L. M.)

L. MARILLIER1, Lecturer, Sorbonne (Hautes-Études), Paris.

Professor A. C. ARMSTRONG, Jr., Wesleyan University.
Professor B. BOSANQUET, St. Andrews University.
Professor JOHN DEWEY, Columbia University.
Professor H. N. GARDINER, Smith College.

Mr. G. E. MOORE, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Professor ANDREW SETH PRINGLE-PATTISON, Edinburgh University.
Professor JOSIAH ROYCE, Harvard University.

Professor E. T. SHANAHAN, Catholic University, Washington.
Dr. R. H. STETSON, Beloit College.
The Editor.

(E. T. S.)

(R. H. S.)

(J. M. B.)

Logic.

(R. A.)

(L. C.)

Professor R. ADAMSON', Glasgow University.
Professor L. COUTURAT, University of Toulouse.

Dr. C. LADD-FRANKLIN, Johns Hopkins University.
Dr. C. S. PEIRCE, Milford, Pike Co., Pennsylvania.

(C. L. F.)
(C. S. P.)

1 Deceased.

2 The names of contributors are given in this list under one subject only, although in many cases they have written in other subjects as well.