Antoinette on Seabattle Island, in San Lucia Bay, proceeding in an easterly direction to Ligitan Channel, assigning to the United States Ligitan Islands, and thence north to northwest of the islands of Boheian, Puan, Timba Timba, Capale, Mataking, Pompom, Boludulang, Mantabuan, Gaia, Sibuan, all west of Alice Channel; thence northwest by west to Tabauwan Island in Darvel Bay; thence east to Bacuhang and Adal; thence east, north, and northwest, rounding Hog Point, the extreme eastern land of North Borneo, to off Sandacan Harbor, a coast line distance of two hundred and eighty miles. This harbor is dominated by the United States islands of Taganac and Baguan. The remaining islands beyond the "three marine leagues" zone are Great and Little Bukkurgaar, Langaan, with a chain of three islets, Lihiman, Boaan, Sibaung, and Lancayan. Acting under the protocol above quoted and the Spanish cessions, in the month of June, 1903, the United States, through her navy, hoisted her flag and placed tablets of possession upon the last-named seven islands, none of them larger than half a square mile.

This action of occupation justifies similar course in all islands not within the three marine league zone. Following up the coast next to Lancayan northwest are Billean, Sandy, Sippindun, Tigabu, Cucuban, Tibacean, Tambulean, Buaning, and Straggler. Towards the United States side the line would run to off Mallawalle and Banuey (British islands), thence west through Balabac Strait to longitude 116 degrees (Balambangen belongs to Great Britain), where this line intersects Spanish-United States treaty line (1898). From Mallawalle Island, should the line follow the usual marine league distance, Latoan and Cahamcamman islands and all islands north of Banguey Island would be possessions of the United States. PAGE 29. "Other Lands" under the Jurisdiction of the United States of America.

Wake Island. Owned by the United States. Latitude 19 degrees 10 minutes 54 seconds north; longitude 166 degrees 31 minutes 30 seconds east. A low coral island of triangular form, eight feet above the level of the sea, enclosing a large lagoon. It was discovered and surveyed by Wilkes in 1841.

A flagstaff was erected from which the American flag was saluted with twenty-one guns, a plate affixed to the base of the pole reading:

United States of America.
William McKinley, President;
John D. Long, Secretary of the Navy;
Commander Edward D. Taussig, U. §.
Navy,

Commanding the U.S.S. "Bennington "
This 17th day of January, 1899, took
possession of the Atoll known as Wake
Island for the United States of America.

Supposed to be the "Desierta" the desert and La Miracharts of the Spanish galleon taken by Anson in 1743.

-on the

Other names, Marquis of Weeks, Halcyon, Helsion, and Wilson.

Midway Islands, or Brooks. Owned by the United States. Latitude 28 degrees 12 minutes north; longitude 177 degrees 22 minutes west. Name derived from its location, almost midway between Asia and America. It is a low coral atoll, nearly eighteen miles in circumference, enclosing two islands, Sand Island and Eastern Island, and two small islets. Sand Island, one and a quarter miles west of Eastern Island, nearly one and three-fourths miles long, about three-fourths of a mile wide, and forty-three feet high at its highest point, a sand dune. Average elevation, three to ten feet above sea level. Eastern Island, one and one-fourth miles in length, half a mile in width, from six to twelve feet high. Sand Island contains 633 acres; Eastern Island 245 acres.

They were the first acquisition of foreign territory away from the mainland, occupied August 28, 1867, by Captain William Reynolds, commanding the U.S.S. "Lackawanna," under orders of the Navy Department.

The Senate in January, 1869, favored the islands as a naval station. Congress, on March 1, 1869, appropriated $50,000 for deepening the harbor entrance, named "Welles Harbor" in honor of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy. After expending the appropriation, decided $400,000 would probably be needed, the project abandoned, the steamer "Saginaw " leaving the islands October 28, 1869. She was wrecked on Ocean Island reef the next morning.

Islands discovered by Captain N. C. Brooks July 5, 1859, and first occupied by the Pacific Mail S.S. Co. in July, 1867.

Tutuila and the Mauna group (Tau, Olesinga, and Ofu), of the Samoan Islands.

Article II. "Germany (and Great Britain) renounces in favor of the United States of America all her rights and claims over and in respect to the Island of Tutuila, and all other islands of the Samoan group east of longitude 171° west of Greenwich."

This adjustment of jurisdiction between the United States, Germany, and Great Britain signed at Washington, District of Columbia, December 2, 1899. Ratification advised by the Senate January 16, 1900; ratified by the President February 13, 1900; ratifications exchanged February 16, 1900; proclaimed February 16, 1900.

The "Canal Zone" at Panama.

The Republic of Panama ceded to the United States of America in perpetuity, the use, occupation, and control of the zone of land and land under water for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation, and

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protection of said canal of the width of ten miles, extending to the distance of five miles on each side of the centre line of the route of the canal to be constructed . . . begins in the Caribbean Sea three marine miles from mean low-water mark, and extends to and across the Isthmus of Panama into the Pacific Ocean to the distance of three marine miles from lowwater mark. . . . All islands in the Bay of Panama (including Perico, Naos, Culebra and Flamenco). . . .”

The Panama Canal Company (rights transferred April 22, 1904) was paid $40,000,000; the Republic of Panama $10,000,000.

Treaty signed November 18, 1903. Ratified by the United States Senate February 23, 1904 (Yeas, 66; Nays, 14). Ratifications exchanged February 26, 1904. Act of Congress "to provide for the temporary government of the Canal Zone at Panama, the protection of the canal works and other purposes," passed April 28, 1904.

The first proclamation issued May 19, 1904, by Governor George W. Davis (Major-General U.S.A., retired), from the "Office of the Governor of the Isthmian Canal Zone, Culebra," addressed "To the Inhabitants of the Canal Zone."

Guano Islands, over which the United States possesses no sovereign or territorial rights; simply protecting its citizens or their assigns under the "Guano Act" (infra) who discover guano, in the transaction of their enterprises which pertain only to the appropriation and disposal of the guano on the islands.

"Whenever any citizen of the United States discovers a deposit of guano on any island, rock, or key, not within the lawful jurisdiction of any other government, and not occupied by the citizens of any other government, and takes peaceable possession thereof, and occupies the same, such island, rock, or key may, at the discretion of the President, be considered as appertaining to the United States. - August 18, 1856. Revised Statutes, Section 5570.

Notices of discovery with proofs to be furnished; the term of possession to be at the pleasure of Congress; the exclusive right of occupation is for the purpose of obtaining guano for delivery to citizens of the United States "to be used therein," at a charge of eight dollars per ton for best quality deliverable at ship's tackle, or four dollars per ton taken from "its native place of deposit." Bonds are exacted with forfeiture clause. All crimes in such possessions are as if committed on high seas on board merchant vessels belonging to the United States, and subject to such laws. The land and naval forces of the United States give protection. Congress enacted, May 10, 1867, that the applicant prove citizenship; that the deposit had not been previously discovered by another; that the island at the time was not in occupation or possession or jurisdiction of any other government. A specific description of the island also to be given.

Guano islands appertaining to the United States bonded under the Act of August 18, 1856, as appears from bonds on file in the office of the First Comptroller of the Treasury, September 16, 1893: