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INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.

Since the publication of the preceding volume, the following changes have taken place in the foreign missions of the United States:

William Wilkins, late of the Senate of the United States, from Pennsylvania, has been appointed Euvoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia. The mission to Portugal is rendered vacant, by the recall of Thomas L. L Brent, and no appointment of a successor having been made. Ethan A. Brown, late Chargé d'Affaires to Brazil, has returned, and William Hunter has been appointed in his place. And Richard Pollard has been appointed Chargé d'Affaires to hile, in place of John Hamm, resigned.

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The pay of Ministers Plenipotentiary is 9,000 dollars per annum, salary, besides 9,000 dollars for an outfit Secretaries of Legation receive 2,000 dollars, and Chargés d'Affaires, 4,500 dollars, per annum.

Ministers, Consuls, &c., of the United States in Foreign Countries, with the places of their Residence.

England.

Aaron Vail, Chargé d'Affaires.
Thomas Aspinwall, Agent, &c., and
Consul, London.

Francis B. Ogden, Consul, Liverpool.
Thomas Dennison, do.
Robert W. Fox, do.
Thomas Were Fox, do.

M. Benjamin, Cons. British Guiana
Demerara.

France.

Wm. M. Haxtun, do. Bathurst, in Island of St. Mary, river Gambia. Isaac Chase, do. Cape Town, Cape Bristol. of Good Hope. Falmouth. Plymouth. Edward Livingston, Envoy ExtraAlb. Davy, do. Kingston upon Hull. ordinary & Min. Plenipotentiary. Robert R. Hunter, do. Cowes. Thos. P. Barton, Sec'y of Legation. Robert Grieve, do. Lieth, Scotland Daniel Brent, Consul & Agent, Paris. Edward Baxter, do Dundee. George Stroble, Consul, Bordeaux. Alexander Thompson, do. Glasgow. Daniel C. Croxall, do. Marseilles.. Thos. Wilson, do Dublin, Ireland. Francis C. Fenwick, do. Nantes.

Reuben Harvey, do. Cork.

do. L'Orient.

Thomas W. Gilpin, do. Belfast.
Thomas W. Perrse, do. Galway.
James Corscadon, do. Londonderry. Theodore Privat, do. Cette.
Horatio Sprague, do. Gibraltar.

R. G. Beasley, do. Havre de Grace.
Samuel Allison, do. Lyons.

Jas Jos Debessé, do. La Rochelle.

do. Martinique.
Switzerland.

John G. Boker, Consul, Switzerland.
Russia.

Paul Froberville, do. Isle of France Peter Suau, do. Guadaloupe.
Thomas Wynns, do. Turks Island.
William Tudor Tucker, Commercial
Agent, Bermuda.
George Huyler, Con. Nassau, N. P.
Ralph Higinbotham, C. Agent, St
Christopher and Antigua.
R. M. Harrison, C. Kingston, Jam J. Randolph Clay, Sec. of Legation
C. Agent, Trinidad. A. P. Gibson, Consul, St. Petersb'g.

John Haly, do. Barbadoes.
John Morrow, Consul, Halifax, N.S.
W. W. Andrews, do. Malta.
Wm. Carrol, C. Agent, St. Helena.

William Wilkins, Envoy Extraordinary and Min. Plenipotentiary.

John Ralli,

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Edmund Brandt, do.
Alex. Schwartz, do

Riga.

Spain.

way.

Sweden and Norway.

do Bartholomew. Denmark.

C. P. Van Ness, Envoy Extraordi-Christ'r. Hughes, Chargé d'Affaires.
nary and Min. Plenipotentiary. David Erskine, Consul, Stockholm.
Arthur Middleton, jr. Sec of Legat'n C. A. Murray, do. Gothenburg.
Alexander Burton, Consul, Cadiz. Helmich Janson, do. Bergen, Nor-
William Stirling, do Barcelona
George G. Barrell, do. Malaga.
Beujamin Renshaw, do. Alicante.
Maximo de Aguirre, do. Bilboa Henry Wheaton, Chargé d'Affaires.
Alfred H. P. Edwards, do. Manilla. C. J. Hambro, Consul, Copenhagen.
Payton Gay, do. Island of Teneriffe N Levy, do. Island of Thomas.
Obadiah Rich, do. Balearic Islands. J. Ridgway, do. Island of St. Croix.
Nich P. Trist, do Havana, Cuba Thos H. Barker, do. Elsineur.
R. R Stewart, do Trinidad,
J. Leonard, C. Agent, St. Jago, do.

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L. Shoemaker, Consul, Matanzas, do.
J. Owen, 50. Puerto del Principe.
H. Toler, do. Ponce, Porto Rico.
Wm. H. Tracy, C. A. Guyama, do.
S. C Russell, do. Mayaguez, do.
Sidney Mason, Cons. St. Johns, do.
Portugal.

-, Chargé d'Affaires.

Prussia.

Wm. Troost Simons, Consul, Elber-
velt.

Frederick Schillow, do. Stettin.
Saxony.
Frederick List, Consul, Leipzig.
Hanseatic Towns,

John Cuthbert, Consul, Hamburg.
Joshua Dodge, do Bremen
do. Lubec.
Ernest Schwendler, do. Frankfort.
Italian States.

Israel P. Hutchinson, Consul, Lisbon
J. H. March, do. Island of Madeira. Thomas Appleton, Consul, Leghorn.

do.

Florence.

Genoa.

Charles W. Dabney, do. Fayal.
W. G. Merrill, do. Cape Verde Isl'ds. Charles Barnet, ძი.

Netherlands.

A. Sasserna,

do.

Two Sicilies.

Nice.

Auguste Davezac, Chargé d'Affaires Roman States, and Kingdom of the
J. W. Parker, Consul, Amsterdam.
John Wambersie, do.
Thomas Trask,
L. Paimboeuf,
John Schillaber,
Louis Mark,

Rotterdam. Felix Cicognani, Consul, Rome.
do. Surinam. Alexander Hammett, do. Naples.
do. I. of Curacoa. Benjamin Gardner, do. Palermo.
do. Batavia. John L. Payson, do. Messina.
Ostend.
Turkey.

St. Eustatia David Porter, Chargé d'Affaires.
Rhio, Island

do.
J Hollingsworth, do.
Joseph Balastier, do.
of Bintang, Malayan Sea.
Belgium.

Hugh S. Lagaré, Chargé d'Affaires,
Brussels

Wm. D. Patterson, Consul, Antwerp.

Austria.

Consul, Venice.
George Moore, do. Trieste.
J. G. Schwartz, do. Vienna.
Germany.
Frederick Kahl, Consul, Darmstadt,
do. Baden.
Robt. de Ruedorffer,do. Munich.

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David Darmon, Con. Agent, Jerusa-JA. Danoule, Consul, Santa Martha.
lem, and City and Port of Jaffa. Seth Sweetzer, do. Guayaquil.
D. Bonnal, do. Canea.
W. J. Dubs, do. Maracaibo.
do. Porto Cabello.
J B. Feraud. do. Panamá.
Thomas B. Nalle, do. Angostura.
Brazil.

Egypt.

John Gliddon, C. Ag't. Alexandria.
Greece.

Jas. Wilkin, Consul, Syra, Grecian
Archipelago.

Barbary Powers.

Geo. F. Brown, C. Agent, Algiers.
Samuel D. Heap, Consul, Tunis.
D. S. McCauley, do. Tripoli.
J. R. Leib,
do Tangier, Morocco.
United Mexican States.
Anthony Butler, Chargé d'Affaires,
Mexico.

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do. Monterey, North

California.
Thomas Wooldridge, do. Brazoria,
Texas.

John Stryker, do. Galliod, Texas.
New Granada.

Robert B. McAfee, Chargé d'Af
faires, Bogota.

F. Litchfield,

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Richard Pollard, Chargé d'Affaires,
St. Jago de Chile.

G. G. Hobson, Consul, Valparaiso.
do St. Jago de Chile.
Thomas T. Smith, do. Coquimbo.
Republic of Peru.

Samuel Larned, Chargé d'Affaires,
Limia.

William F. Taylor, Consul, Quilca,
Arica and Arequipa.
Asa Worthington, do. Lima.
Charles Higginson, du. Paita.
Hayti, (St. Domingo.)
F. M. Dimond, C.A. Port Au Prince.
William Miles, do. Aux Cayes.
do. Cape Haytien.
Sandwich Islands.

John C. Jones, Commercial Agent,
Sandwich Islands.

China.

John M. Macpherson, Consul, Carthagena. J. G. A. Williamson, do. Laguayra. Jno. H. Grosvenor, Consul, Canton.

A Consul (excepting those to the Barbary Powers) is not invested with any diplomatic powers, and therefore is not entitled to communicate di

rectly with the government of the country in which he resides; except under the special circumstances hereinafter mentioned.

The duties of a consul or vice consul are such as are prescribed by positive law, or such as arise from the nature of the office under the general commercial laws of nations.

The first statute prescribing particular duties to consuls, is the act of the 14th May, 1792.

By the first clause of the second section of that act, consuls and vice consuls are empowered to receive protests or declarations, which captains, masters, crews, passengers and merchants, citizens of the United States, may make in the place for which such consul is appointed, and also such as foreigners may make before them relative to the personal interest of any citizens of the United States. The originals of these acts are to be kept in the book of records of the consulate, and copies, duly authenticated under the consular seal, are to be given to such persons as may demand the saine.

By the second clause of the second section, where a citizen of the United States shall die within the consular district, the consul or vice consul shall take possession of his effects, shall sell at public auction such part of them as may be of a perishable nature, and such further part as may be necessary for the payment of the debts of the deceased. But in order to execute this power, the following are pre-requisites: 1. That the laws of the country permit such administration, or that it be stipulated by treaty. 2. That the person has died without any legal representative, any partner in trade, or trustee, to take care of his effects.

In the execution of this duty, the following requisites are prescribed by the act:

1. An inventory must be taken of all the effects of the deceased, with the assistance of two merchants of the United States, or, for want of them, of any others. In performing this branch of the consular duty, great attention is required; the word "effects" as under the act, comprehends property of every description, including debts due. Merchants of great respectability are to be selected as the assistants of the consul. Although appraisement is not mentioned in the act, the consuls are instructed to have the apparent value of each article affixed to it. If among the papers of the deceased are found any evidences of debt, although they may not be due in the consular districts, yet they are to be placed in the inventory. ·

2. The commercial books of the deceased are to be placed in the inventory, and particularly described, mentioning the number of pages each of the said books contains, and the consul shall place a certificate, signed by him, at the beginning and the end of each book, in such manner as to prevent any addition being made to them. The letter books of the deceased are comprehended in the term commercial books.

This inventory must be entered in the consular books, and as doubts may arise whether this is such a document as is comprehended in the provisions of the first clause of this section of the law, the consul is instructed to make two originals, that is to say, that the inventory be sigued by him, and by his two assistants, both in the book of records in which it is entered, and in the authenticated copy.

By the second section of the act aforesaid, all sales of the property of

the deceased must be "at auction, after reasonable public notice." In the execution of this duty, the consul is instructed to give the same pre vious notice that is directed by the laws of the country for the judicial, sale of property in execution, and at some public place; but whether it be required in judicial sales or not, notice must be given in at least one of the gazettes of the place, if any be printed there, both in English and in the language of the country.

No property shall be sold as being of a perishable nature, until it has been viewed by three respectable merchants, and by them, under oath, declared to be of that description.

In one year after the death of the intestate, the consul is directed by the said second section of the act aforesaid, "to transmit the residue of the estate unsold, and the balance (in money, after paying the debts and charges) to the treasury of the United States, to be holden in trust for the legal claimants. But if at any time before such transmission, the legal representative of the deceased appear and demand the effects in the hands of the consul, he shall deliver them up, being paid his fees, and shall cease his proceedings."

In the execution of the duty prescribed by the last preceding article, the consul is instructed

1. To keep a regular account of all moneys received, as well for ef fects sold as for credits collected, and all sums expended, taking duplicate receipts, expressing on what account the sums were paid, numbering them regularly; one of each of the said duplicates to be kept by the consul, the other to be delivered to the representative of the deceased, or transmitted to the treasury, if no representative appear.

2. To enter on his consular books a regular account between himself and the estate of the deceased, in which he shall enter to his debit all the moneys and effects that came to his hands, and to his credit all the payments he may make, and, finally, the balance that he may deliver over or remit, so as to close the account. A copy of this account shall be delivered to the representative of the deceased, or transmitted to the treasury, as the case may be.

3. As soon as any estate shall be finally settled, the consul shall give notice to the Department of State, designating the balance in money, and the lists of effects, which has been transmitted to the treasury, or delivered to the representative of the deceased, as the case may be.

4 If there should be several parties each claiming to be the representative of the deceased, and demanding the effects, the consul must direct the parties to determine their rights in the tribunals of the country.

By the third section of the act aforesaid, the "consuls and vice consuls, iu cases where vessels of the United States shall be stranded on the coast of their consulates respectively, shall, as far as the laws of the country permit, take proper measures as well for saving such vessels, their cargoes and appurtenances, as for storing and securing the effects and merchandise saved, and for taking an inventory and inventories thereof and the merchandise and effects saved, with the inventory and inventories, shall, after deducting therefrom the expense, be delivered to the owner or owners. But no consul or vice consul shall take possession of any such goods, wares, nerchandise or other property, when the master, owner, or consignee thereof, is present or capable of taking possession o: the same."

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