nection with Friends, 183; at Pru-
dence Island, 1640, 181-82; char-
acter, 183.

Throckmorton, Mrs., wife of above,
71-72; relations to Salem church,
57-58.

Throgmorton. See Throckmorton.
Tift, Joshua, relations with Indians,
181, 220.

Tillinghast. Stephen, namesake of
Stephen Hopkins, 132, son-in-law
of Theodore Foster, 117,132.
Tillinghast, Mrs. Stephen, daughter
of Theodore Foster, 117, 132.
Tillinghast, Theodore Foster, de-
scendant of Governor Hopkins,
133.

Tillinghast family, 133.
Timber, abundant, 1676, 225.
Tobacco, used by Narragansetts, 147.
Toleration, early utterances on, 100;

as advocated by Roger Williams,99,
101-2; as applied to dissentients
among the colonists, 101, 171; as
applied to Indian converts, 171;
Dr. Stiles on, 250.
Topham, John, relation to Easton
case, 1787, 342.
Tories. See Loyalists.

Town councils, functions of, 1647,
46; watch set by, 1669, 205.
Town government, 37, 137; that of
Newport resumed, 1787, 344.
Town meetings, cited, (Providence),

180, 196. 199, 209, 213, 221-22;
(Newport), 325, 329, 336, 337, 342.
Town meetings, records of, (Provi-
dence), 104, 213.

Town mill, (Providence), 137, 183,
197, 228.

Town records, (Providence), 103,
221, 231; (Newport), 342.
"Towne, The," (Providence), 86.
"Towne evidence," (Indian deeds),
of Providence, 105.

"Towne Streete," (Providence), 189.
Towns, union of, 1647, 188.
Trade, balance of, 284.
Trade, of Newport, interrupted, 297,
324, 339; of Rhode Island in slaves,
232; with the Dutch, 176, 177; be-
tween the Dutch and Indians, 160,
193, 194; between Indians and
Rhode Island settlers, 148, 154,
166, 182, 183, 184, 203, 204, 207,
212; Arnold's interest in, 203, 204;
Friends' interest in, 183.
Traders, Indian, jargon of, 182.
Trading corporation, authorized by
Massachusetts charter, 99.
Trading-house, Arnold's at Pawtux-

et, 203; Williams's at Narragan-
sett, 173, 184, 192, 210.
Trading posts, Rhode Island villages
as, 197.

"Training day," in Rhode Island, 199,
200, 201, 208; penalties of, 201.
Transfer of Massachusetts charter,
1629, 69.

Transit street, naming of, 255.
Transits, of Mercury, 248; of
Venus, 248, 252, 253-54, 255.
Treaties, discussed by Congress,
1776, 267, 268.

"Treatises," of Williams, on land
titles of settlers, 76; on other sub-
jects, 102.

"Treaty," with Indians, 1636, 161.
Trevett, John, suit against John

Weeden, 1786, 119, 277.
Trevett vs. Weeden, 119, 277.
Tribal institutions, 165, 181.
Trinity College, Dublin, 275.
Trumbull, J. Hammond, on Indian
names, 28.

Trumbull, John, "History of Con-
necticut," cited, 177, 225, 228.
Turenne, Vicomte de, campaigns of,

Uncas, sachem of Mohegans, 63, 64.
Uninfluential position of Rhode Is-
land, 164, 168, 189, 191.

Union of towns, 1647, 86, 87, 193.
United Colonies, action of, 49, 203.
United States census, 1790, 127.
Untrustworthiness, of Indians, 154.
Updike, W., residence at Narragan-
sett, 59; work on "Narragansett
church," 9; on "Rhode Island bar,"
119.

Upham, Rev. Dr. C. W., on Indians,
139; on Williams, 56, 79,
Upton, England, Fothergill at, 256.
User, in landholding, 168-69.
Usher, Archbishop John, 275.
Usufructuary right in land, 168.

Vaccination, first performed in Eng-
land by Jenner, 1798, 259; in
America by Waterhouse, 1800,
259, 260, 263.

Valedictory oration, Rhode Island
College, 1769, 273.

Vane, Sir Henry, incorporator in

patent of 1643-4, 40-41, 44; his in-
fluence in obtaining it, 39; interest
in colony, 52, 53, 108, 109; regard
of Indians for, 33.
Varnum, Gen. James M., born 1749,
276; student at Harvard College,
271-72; at Rhode Island College,
271, 272, 276; disputation on inde-
pendence, 1769, 276, 281-88, 295-
98; legal acquirements, 276, 277;
military service, 276-77; political
career, 116, 277; suggests action on
constitution, 1787, 120; case of
Trevett vs. Weeden, 1786, 119, 277;
case of Easton vs. Sanford, 1786,
341; residence at East Greenwich,
276; death at Marietta, O., 1789,
277.

Varnum, Gen. Joseph B., brother of
preceding, 277.

Vassal, Samuel, incorporator in pat-
ent of 1643-4, 41, 44.
Vassar College, 112.
Vauban, Maréchal de, military engi-
neering of, 216.

Vegetables, of Narragansetts, 146.-
Vermont, University of, 112.
Vernon, Samuel, vessels of, 1775-76,
301-3.

Vernon, Samuel, 2d, connection with

Easton case, 1787, 342.

Vernon, William, vessels of, 1775-76,
301-3; member of Eastern Navy
Board, 1777, 301; letter on Easton
case, 1786, 339.

Vessels, in Narragansett Bay, 301-25.
Venus, (brigantine), owned by Ver-
non, 301, 303.

Venus, transits of, 248, 252-55.
Victualling of British fleet, 304, 324.
Vinton, Rev. Dr. Francis, on Arthur
Fenner, 121.

Virginia, Andros in, [about 1692], 93;
sentiment favoring independence,
267,268; loyalist sentiment in, 280;
resolutions of 1798, 129.
Volga, (The), lands east of, 249.
Votes, in first congresses, 130.

Wade, Col. D., commands a Massa-

chusetts regiment, 1778, 116.
Wales, 277; Claggett a native of,
246; Williams a native of, 70.
Walker, John, settler of Aquidneck,
1639, 32.

Wallace, Capt. James, H. M. S. Rose,
301, 302, 303, 316, 317, 318. 322,
324, 325.
Walleut, Thomas, secretary of Massa-

chusetts Historical Society, 134.
Walsh, Robert, "Appeal," cited, 20.

Wampanoags, 212, 217; institutions
of, 158; relations with Narragan-
setts, 216, 218, 222; action in
King Philip's war, 1675-76, 213,
214, 215, 222.

Wampum, 150, 200; made by Narra-
gansetts, 144, 148; fluctuating value
of, 150, 181; Weeden on, 144.
Wamsutta, brother of King Philip,
90, 91.

Wanton, Governor Joseph, 1769-75,
273, 323.

War, of 1812, 260.

Ward, Governor Samuel, contest with
Hopkins, 51.

Warner, John, settler of Warwick,
1643. 36.

Warren, Dr. John, Harvard Medical
School, 258.

Warren, Town of, 274; Indian name
Sowames, 32, 33; Rhode Island
College at, 1765-70, 113, 270; first
commencement, 1769, 268, 270, 271,
272; town burned by British, 1778,
274.

Wars, European, 228, 286-87.
Warwick, Earl of, temporary author-

ity of, 1642, 39; grants patent of
1643-4, 40, 44, 45, 87, 180, 188, 208.
Warwick, Town of, 94, 296; settled,
1643, 35-36, 169; Arnold family at,
203, 204; Canonicus's relations
with, 194; Indians at, 169, 183,
190, 198, 201, 235; dealings with
them, 167, 183, 197; Massachu-
setts' attempts on, 61, 62, 63, 167,
189, 191, 195, 197, 202; naming of,
1643, 45; relation to patent of
1643-4, 42. 45, 87; settlers of, 35,
36, 60, 62, 169.
Warwick Neck, settlements at, 35,
198.

Washington, Gen. George, 275; at
West Point, 1780, 115; visits Prov-
idence, 1790, 123; administration
supported by Federalists, 122;
attitude towards Jay's treaty,
1794-96, 125, 126; farewell address,
1797, 128; writings cited, 125.
Washington, City of, 123; becomes
the capital city, 1800, 127.
Waterford, Ireland, 273.
Waterhouse, Dr. Benjamin, born
1754, 255; residence in Europe,
1775-81, 255-57; associates of, 255,
256,259; in West Indies, 257; con-
nection with Rhode Island College,
1782, 257; with Harvard Medical
School, 1783-1812, 258; gives first
natural history lectures in America,
1785-91, 257, 263; residence at

Williams, [Mrs.] Mary, [wife of
Roger], membership in Salem
church terminated, 1639, 57.
Williams, Mary, [daughter of Roger],
born, 1633, 73-74.

Williams, Providence, [son of Roger],
born, 1638, 24.

Williams, Roger, born about 1599,
70; pupil at Charter-house, 1621,
71; pupil of Sir Edward Coke, 16,
71, degree conferred at University
of Cambridge, 1627, 71; supposed
parish in Lincolnshire, 71; em-
braces Puritan sentiments, 71; em-
barks for America, 1630, 71, 72;
arrives at Boston, 1631, 16, 72;
assistant to Salem church, 1631,
16, 72; removes to Plymouth, 1631,
16, 72, 73, 102; his reasons, 72;
communes with Gov. Winthrop at
Plymouth, 1632, 73; Gov. Brad-
ford's relations with him, 73; his
interest in the Indians, 1632, 173;
his interviews with Indian chiefs,
1632, 159; birth of a daughter,
1633, 73-74; acts as assistant at
Plymouth, 16; date of Plymouth
residence examined, 72-73; returns
to Salem, 1633, 16, 73; again
assistant minister of Salem church,
1633-35, 16, 73; death of his associ-
ate, Skelton, 1634, 16,74 ; no formal
settlement of Williams until 1635,
16, 72, 78-79; the "red cross"
episode, 1634, 74-75; official notice
of Williams's views on charter
government, 1633, 95-96; Wil-
liams's position on this point, 75-76,
95, 96, 99; his views as to recog-
nition of the Church of England,
74, 96, 97, 98, 99; official action on
this, 1634, 96; his land negotiations
with the Indians in 1634 and 1635,
18, 85; his doctrine as to the "resi-
dent's oath," 77, 96; official action
on this, (April), 1635, 96; other
peculiar opinions held, 17, 76, 77,
78, 96, 97, 99; his views on free-
dom of conscience, 17, 72, 100,
102, 103; his later enunciation of
the principle of the separation of
the civil and religious functions,
102, 103; official action on these
doctrines. (July), 1635, 96; action
of the Salem church in permanent-
ly settling him, (summer), 1635,
16, 78; his letters, (summer), 1635,
against the magistrates, 96; official
action on these, (October),1635,96;
final action of the General Court,
(October), 1635, 80-81, 96-97; the

sentence of expulsion, 11, 17, 26,
80, 81, 95-100, 102, 159, 168; re-
nounces communion with the Sa-
lem church, (1635). 81; measures
taken to arrest him, (1635-36), 81;
his purpose of settling among the
Narragansetts, mentioned, 1636,
85; departure from Salem, (Jan-
uary), 1636, 30, 81, 159; his course
from Salem, 17, 81-83; joined by
John Smith, 82; other companions
of his flight, 17, 18, 19, 83, 84; Nar-
ragansett Bay suggested to him by
Winthrop, 81-82; first halt on east
bank of Seekonk River, 17, 82; prob-
able cultivation of the soil here, 83;
informed by Winslow of his en-
croachment on Plymouth colony,
17, 82; reconnoitring voyage up the
Moshassuck, 83, 84; the saluta-
tion, "What cheer," 83, 84; prob-
able date of permanent removal
to the "Neck," (June, 1636), 83;
location of Williams's house, 84;
subsequent sale of the estate to Craw-
ford, 84; land negotiations with
the Narragansetts, 18, 82, 83, 85,
163-65, 169, 191, 193; the "Indian
deeds," 18, 85, 86, 105; names of
his eleven companions, 18-19;
question of bounds of tract then
acquired, 85, 86; his grants to his
companions, 23, 24, 105; not a
conscious "founder" of a colony,
37, 102; the "agreement" of Au-
gust 20, 1636, 37; seven later ac-
cessions to his company, 20; coop-
erates, (Oct., 1636), in translating
Massachusetts "treaties" with Nar-
ragansetts, 1636.161; early neglect of
writing materials, etc., 21-22; early
deprivations, 20, 21, 22; wife and
children probably not brought until
1637, 24; formal visit of Miantono-
mo to him, 1637, 156; his interpo-
sition in the Pequot hostilities,
1637, 29-30; accompanies John
Clarke to Plymouth, 1638, 32 33;
negotiates the grant of Aquidneck,
1638, 33; his ownership of Paw-
tuxet lands, 22, 23, 35, 85; rela-
tions with settlers at Pawtuxet,
1638-77, 23, 35; Williams's eldest
son born, 1638, 24; the rudimen-
tary government estalished by him,
36-38; earliest church organization
probably Congregational, 55-56;
Baptist principles adopted, 56;
Williams's relations to the organi-
zation, 56-57; Williams and his
wife terminate their membership

in

Salem church, 1639, 57-58;
preserves peace with the Indians,
1638-47, 188; maintains trading-
house at Narragansett, 1643-51,
59, 65, 165, 173, 184, 192, 210;
his missionary work among the In-
dians, 65, 173, 174-76; sails for
England, 1643, 39; publishes there
his "Key into the language of
America," 1643, 29, 242; also "Mr.
Cotton's letter lately printed, ex-
amined and answered," 1644, 95;
also "The bloudy tenent of perse-
cution," 1644, 76; burning of the
latter work, 76; secures patent of
1643-4, 39-40, 87; his return from
England, 1644, 44, 87; provides
funeral honors for Canonicus,
1647, 191-92; "The bloody ten-
ent yet more bloody," published
1652, 165, 173, 174, 182, 186; sec-
ond mission to England, 1653, 88;
secures revocation of the Codding-
ton commission, 1653, 88; associ-
ated with Clarke in efforts for the
charter, 88; relations with Crom-
well, 41, 176; with John Milton,
51, 71; with Sir Henry Vane, 39,
53, 108-9; his return from Eng-
land, 1653, 88; position in relation
to local controversies, 1654, 51-52,
53, 108-9; chosen president, 1654,
88; confirms previous deed of land

to associates, 1659, 1661, 18,
85, 164; the charter of 1663 em-
bodying his principles, 103; not
chosen first governor under the
charter, 1663, 204; expresses his
disappointment as to the Narragan-
setts, 1665,187; describes his experi-
ences to Major Mason, 1670, 29,81-
83; holds disputation with Friends,
1672, 223; publishes "George Fox
digg'd out of his burrowes," 1672,
182,183; actively dissuades the Nar
ragansetts from war, 1675, 214, 215,
219, 220, 221; recommends protect-
ive measures, 1675, 221; serves as
captain, in King Philip's war, 1675-
76, 224; does not preserve ac-
count of it, 224; elected governor,
1677, 226; testifies before Harris
commission, 1677, 37; gives receipt
for town records preserved by
Whipple, 1678, 103-7; his career,
16-17, 70-86,88,95-103; his relations
with the Indians, 155, 187, 209,
215, 236; his benevolent efforts for
the Indians, 29, 142, 182, 184; his
medical attentions to them, etc.,
151, 178-79, 184; his attempts at

civilizing them, 187; his efforts at
Christianizing them, 65, 138, 163,
170, 173, 174, 186-87; his loss of
hopefulness in them, 138, 154, 186,
187,194; concerning influence over
them,33, 34, 137, 160, 163, 167, 184,
187, 191, 200, 201, 210, 214, 215;
his diminished influence, 191, 201,
210; plundered by Indians, 149;
his account of the Narragansetts,
138, 148, 155; on their origin,
242; on their characteristics, 144,
147, 149, 150, 152, 153, 242; on
their language, 173, 242; his fa-
miliarity with it, 161, 182; acts as
interpreter, 161; relations with va-
rious Indian chiefs, 164, 166, 167,
214; his later views of Indian pol-
icy, 211, 221, 222, 226; his con-
nection with land grants, 22, 23,
32, 33, 34, 85, 164, 169; his agency
in "founding" Providence, 18, 31,
37, 86, 102; discharge of political
duties, 180, 187, 209, 226; relations
with neighboring colonies, 29, 164,
182; his religious views, 16, 17, 71,
96, 171, 184; his early connection
with the Church of England, 56,
57, 71; his separation from his own
church at Salem, 71, 81; his
brief connection with the church at
Providence, 19, 71, 182, 202; is re-
baptized, 56; leaves the communion
of the Baptists, 56, 57; becomes a
"Seeker," 56, 57, 71; his "separa-
tist" doctrines, 57, 97, 102, 159;
his peculiar views as to church or-
ganization, 56-57,173-74; on church
observances, 174, 186; his dis-
putes with the Quakers, 182, 183,
223; other religious controversies,
137, 182; his relation to the prin-
ciple of freedom of conscience, 11,
19, 47, 48, 49, 53, 55, 97, 98, 99,
100, 101, 102, 103, 171; his re-
lations with William Harris, 182;
with John Winthrop, 73; Corre-
spondence with Winthrop cited, 149,
150, 152, 160, 162, 164,173, 174,177,
181, 182, 210, 214; other letters
cited, 47-49, 51, 86, 96, 102,
138, 153, 154, 176, 177, 180, 181,
184, 185, 187, 188, 193, 197, 198,
220, 221; his letters published in
Narragansett Club publications,
150; other writings cited, 29, 76,
138, 165, 173, 174, 182,183, 186,242;
scantiness of early knowledge of
his writings, 9, 11, 134; their repub-
lication, 1866-74, 11; answers to
his treatises, by Cotton, 9,