EXPLANATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS. Crops.-Frequently farmers will be found who are renting additional land January 1, 1920, which they did not rent in 1919, or who have changed farms in 1919 after a part or all of the crops have been harvested. All crop figures should apply to the land included in this farm January 1, 1920, as given in answer to Inquiry 16. If the present occupant of this farm did not operate all or any of it in 1919, he should answer the questions to the best of his knowledge for the person who did farm the land. Acres.-When area of crop is one acre or over, give the nearest whole number of acres; when less than one acre, give fraction of an acre. Unit of Measure. Obtain a report of quantities in the measure called for on the schedule, reducing to the unit called for all crops not so reported. Always report the quantity of corn harvested in bushels of shelled corn. A bushel of shelled corn weighs 56 pounds and is equivalent to 70 pounds of dry corn in the ear, or to 2 bushel baskets level full or 111⁄2 bushel baskets heaped of husked ear corn, or 6 level or 4 heaped bushel baskets of unhusked corn. Lack of Space. When necessary, cross out the name of any crop not grown, write in name of crop grown, and report acres and products in the usual manner. Crops in Orchard.-If a crop is grown in an orchard, give acreage only of land actually occupied by the crop. CROPS GROWN ON THIS FARM IN 1919. NOTE.-Place X before name of each crop-irrigated in answer to Inquiries 59 to 72. 61. Grains and seeds: (Report only crops grown for the grain and of acres soed and harvested after ripening. Where harvested. crops are grown together but harvested sepsrately, such as corn with peanuts, corn with cowpeas, etc.. give a part of the acreage to one crop and a part to the other, according to the best judgment of the farm operator.) 1. Mixed crops not separated in har- 4. 5. Oats... 6. Barley.. 7. Rye Number Quantity harvested. Quantity sold or to be sold. Bu. Bu. Bu. Seeds of other grasses: ' Tons 17. Navy, pinto, lima, and other ripe field beans: Tons Tons 19. Peanuts Bu. Bu XXX Tons. X X X Gala X X X X X X 9. Maple sugar made in 1919. X X X Gals. Lbs.. 1. Number of acres of merchantable timber in this farm Jan- 2. Value of all forest products of this farm in 1919 which have (Include standing timber sold and cut in 1919, firewood, fence posts, 3. Value of all forest products of this farm in 1919 which have 74. Nursery acreage and products, 1919: 1. Number of acres used for growing trees, plants, vines, etc.. 75. Greenhouse and hothouse establishments, 1919: GENERAL EXPLANATIONS Confidential. The information reported on this schedule will be treated as strictly confidential under all circumstances. Not Connected with Taxation.-The information reported on this schedule will not be used as a basis of taxation, nor communicated to any assessor. All Questions To Be Answered in Order.-Give data asked for in the schedule for every crop produced and every kind of animal on farm. Inability to obtain exact data does not justify failure to answer a question. The most accurate returns that the circumstances permit must be obtained. If farm records or accounts are kept, take data from them. If such records are not available, careful estimates should in all cases be obtained or made. Where there are no crops or animals corresponding to names listed in schedule, leave the space opposite such names blank. Farm Operator.-All answers on this schedule should relate to the farm occupied January 1, 1920, by the person named in answer to Inquiry 1, who is here called "farm operator." The term "farm operator" is employed by the Census Bureau to designate a person who directly works a farm, as owner, hired manager, tenant, or cropper, conducting agricultural operations either by his own labor alone or with the assistance of members of his household or hired employees. Note especially that farms should be returned in the name of such farm operatorthat is, the person actually conducting the agricultural operations, even though supervision of such operations may be exercised by another person. All answers regarding crops or other products of the farm in 1919, or regarding animals slaughtered in 1919, must relate to the land occupied by the farm operator on January 1, 1920, whether such land was farmed by him during 1919 or not, and should not relate to any other land which the farm operator may have farmed in 1919. Farm Tenure.-Farm land operated by a person who owns it, by a man whose wife owns it, by the heir or heirs thereto, by the trustee or guardian for such heirs, by a settler on Government land who has not "proved up," by a person who has bought land on a contract for a deed, or by a person who purchased a farm sold for debt and holds it subject to redemption by the original owner, should be reported as land owned in answering Inquiry 11. If farm land is operated for its owner or for a public institution by a farmer who receives wages or a salary for his service as manager, superintendent, or overseer, it should be reported as operated by a hired manager in answering Inquiry 14. Definition of "Farm."-A farm for census purposes is all the land which is directly farmed by one person conducting agricultural operations, either by his own labor alone or with the assistance of members of his household or hired employees. The term "agricultural operations" is used as a general term referring to the work of growing crops, producing other agricultural products, and raising animals, poultry, or bees. A "farm" as thus defined may consist of a single tract of land, or of a number of separate and distinct tracts, and these several tracts may be held under different tenures, as when one tract is owned by the farmer and another tract is rented by him. 1. Total square feet under glass, January 1, 1920 2. Amount received from sale of flowers, flowering plants, 3. Amount received from sale of vegetables and vegetable AND INSTRUCTIONS. When a landowner has one or more tenants, renters, croppers, or managers, the land operated by each is considered a "farm." Thus on a plantation, the land operated by each cropper or tenant should be reported as a separate farm, and the land operated by the owner or manager by means of wage hands should likewise be reported as a separate farm. The enumerator must not report as a "farm" any tract of land of less than three acres, unless there were produced on such tract products to the value of $250 or more, or unless it required the continuous services of at least one person. All market, truck, and fruit gardens, nurseries, greenhouses, poultry yards, places for keeping bees, and all dairies in and near cities, villages, and incorporated towns, even though little land is employed, are for census purposes, farms, provided they produced in 1919 agricultural products to the value of at least $250 or required the continuous services of at least one person. Exceptional Farms or Conditions.-If a farmer raises animals or crops under exceptional conditions, or suffered severely in 1919 from drought, flood, cyclones, or other calamities, write a brief statement of the facts upon top margin of the schedule. Ranchers Using Public Lands.-Public land used by a rancher without rental is not a part of the operator's farm, and where a rancher owns or leases no land but grazes animals entirely on public domain write opposite Inquiries 11 and 16 "No land owned or leased." Crosses on Schedules.-Make no entries in spaces marked thus (XXX). Animals, Fowls, and Crops not Mentioned by Name.-Always ask if any animal or fowl is kept on the farm, or if any crop was raised in 1919, of which no mention has been made. If answer is "Yes," write the name of such other animal, fowl, or crop, in the blank spaces provided or cross out any printed names for which there are no reports, write in the names of the animals kept or crops produced, and report like other animals, crops, etc. Distinction Between Farm and Factory Operations.-The manufacture of butter, cheese, dried fruits, cider, vinegar, grape juice, or other products may be carried on in buildings or plants operated either (1) in connection with farms or (2) as independent manufacturing enterprises. In the latter case such buildings and plants are to be regarded as factories to be covered by the census of manufactures and not to be included in the census of agriculture. But unless it is clear that such buildings or plants are operated as a manufacturing enterprise independent of the farm, you should include the value of such buildings with that of the farm buildings and the value of such machinery with that of the implements and machinery of the farm on which they are located; you should include as the products of the farm only the butter, cheese, dried fruits, cider, vinegar, or grape juice made in such establishments from milk produced or crops (apples, grapes, etc.) grown on the farm. Where raw materials, other than those grown on the farm on which the plant is located, are treated, state that fact on the margin of the schedule. 11-0031 ENUMERATOR'S RECORD UNITED STATES CENSUS OF LIVE STOCK NOT ON FARMS OR RANGES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS SAM. L. ROGERS, DIRECTOR Supervisor's District No.. FOURTEENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1920-AGRICULTURE Enumeration District No. NOTE Use the following symbols to indicate class of laclosure for bara; L. 8 for livery stable, 9. Y for stack yard, F. L. for food hot, V. L. for vacat let; II Y. for house yard. EXPLANATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS. (These explanations and instructions were printed on the back of the schedule, in the space used on the face of the schedule for the title and Enumerator's Record.] stances. WHEN TO USE THIS SCHEDULE.-On this schedule are to be reported all cattle, horses, mules, asses, sheep, goats, and swine, not kept on farms or on public ranges. The live stock to be reported here is that kept in stables, barns, stock yards, feed lots, house yards, and on lots in or near cities and villages. To secure a complete enumeration, the question Is any live stock named on this schedule kept on the premises?" must be asked at each dwelling house enumerated on the population schedule, and at all other places, such as factories, stores, stables, etc., in your district where there is any possibility of live stock being kept. All live stock is to be enumerated in the name of the person in whose care it is on January 1, 1920, regardless of ownership. HOW TO FILL OUT THIS SCHEDULE.-In filling out this schedule, one line must be used for each barn, inclosure, yard, lot, or building occupied in whole or in part by live stock on January 1, 1920. The return for a boarding, livery, or sale stable, no matter how great the number of animals kept or by how many different persons they are owned, must Please visit the above-mentioned farmer and ascertain if he personally works the farm referred to. If he does, prepare a schedule for his farm in the usual manner, but write across the face of the schedule in large letters "FARM NOT IN THIS DISTRICT." Then date and sign the certificate on the other side of this slip and attach this slip to the schedule. If you find that the farmer here described does not personally work the farm mentioned, write a detailed statement of the result of your investigation on the blank lines on the other side of this slip and mail it to me at once. APPENDIX B.-EXTRACTS FROM SUPERVISORS' CORRESPONDENCE RELATIVE TO DECREASE IN NUMBER OR ACREAGE OF FARMS. In the following pages are presented extracts from letters received from district supervisors of the census in various states in reply to an inquiry as to the reason for the decrease between 1910 and 1920 in the number of farms reported or in the acreage of farm land, for their respective districts. ALABAMA. District 1.-During the years from 1914 to 1916, owing to the low price of cotton and the appearance of the boll weevil, there was a great exodus of farm labor from this section of the country to the northern states. Also, during the years 1917 to 1919, owing to the high wage scale paid by the shipbuilding plants in and around Mobile and by other manufacturing interests, a great many farmers and farm laborers abandoned the farms and obtained employment at these places. A part of these farms have been turned into stock farms and while a small percentage of labor has returned to the farms, the balance is still away. By reason of the low price of cotton and other farm products, the farmers are likely to be reluctant about returning to the farm. So the present indications are that the greater percentage of these lands are permanently abandoned. District 2.-As to the cause for the decrease in farms and farm acreage, I am of the opinion that the depression in price of the principal farm product (cotton) in this section of the country in 1914, and the lure, subsequently, of high prices for labor farther north in munition factories and other enterprises drew a large bulk of southern labor from the farms, and hence much of the farm lands were not worked for want of labor. District 4.-Until 1914 or 1915, there was a system in operation in Alabama something like this: At the beginning of each year a tenant made financial arrangements with either his landlord, his banker, or his supply merchant for supplies for the year in advance, giving in each case a mortgage on his crops to be grown that year and on any other personal property he might own, such as mules, horses, cattle, and farm implements. In the fall of the year the tenant would pick his cotton crop, have it ginned, sell it, and apply the proceeds to the liquidation of the indebtedness incurred as stated. However, when the boll weevil, in its steady progress eastward and northward, reached the fields of Alabama, the landlord, the banker, or the supply merchant found at the end of the year that, through no fault of the tenant, there were no crops raised, as the weevil made a clean sweep. Possibly this was tried another year with more disastrous results, whereupon, from sad experience, this credit was withdrawn. The average tenant, having no other resources, was thus forced to look elsewhere for a means of livelihood. About this time, through war activities, industrial plants were expanding, calling for more labor. Many tenants promptly accepted this opportunity and abandoned their farm operations for the daily wage at the sawmills, cotton mills, mines, and quarries. In the case of the Negroes many went from the Alabama cotton fields to the munition plants farther north, and the taking of the 1920 census came at a time when this shift from farms to industrial centers had just about been completed. ARKANSAS. District 4.-The decrease in Polk and Montgomery Counties was due to the fact that many homesteaders and owners of small tracts of timber lands, having exhausted their supply of merchantable timber, sold their holdings to adjacent property owners or forfeited them to the state. CALIFORNIA. District 9.-One reason for the decrease in the number and acreage of farms in Orange County is the extension of the oil industry. Within the last 10 years three new oil fields of considerable area have been developed in the county, and the old oil fields in the northern part of the county have been greatly enlarged. Both in the old fields and in two of the new ones there is considerable acreage that formerly was devoted to farming. Another possible reason for the decrease in farm acreage is the rapid expansion of the towns in the county, notably Huntington Beach, Newport Beach, Santa Ana, Westminster, Garden Grove, Orange, and Anaheim. To each one of these places has been added an area that in 1910 was devoted to farming. The mines of Mono County, which formerly were the basis of what agriculture there was, have nearly all been abandoned since 1910. The county is largely mountainous and parts of it are almost inaccessible. Hence, when the mines were closed the local market disappeared and the farms reverted to cattle range and waste. Cattle can be marketed from this locality in favorable seasons, but garden and farm products can not. CONNECTICUT. District 2.-There is no doubt that the industrial conditions incident to the war were responsible for the abandonment of many small farms in Connecticut during that period. However, there has been a general movement in this state from farm to city. Industry has shown a greater lure to the rising generation and the farms have suffered in consequence. There was some temporary abandonment of farms, where farms have been put back into operation since the last census, but such cases are few in number. Many of the farms which have been abandoned have been poorly fitted for agriculture and have been those marginal farms which will revert to woodland or rough pasture. They never were good agricultural propositions and are economically unfit for intensive agricultural development. FLORIDA. District 2.-There has been a considerable amount of permanent abandonment of farms in this district, and, in my opinion, it was caused by the scarcity of farm labor. There is but little cotton produced in this section now, and has been but little for the past several years on account of the boll weevil. ILLINOIS. District 16.-I think that the decrease in the number of farms in this district since 1910 is caused largely by farmers selling to their neighbor farmers when land advanced in price during the war, and themselves moving to the towns, where there was a demand for labor at high prices. District 17.-The large decreases have occurred in those counties where most of the coal is mined. There is only one reason for the decrease, as I view it, and that is that the farmers could make more working in the mines than they could at farming. Farming has been very unattractive as compared with the wages of industrial labor in this section. INDIANA. District 5.-In my opinion the decrease in the number of farms in Vermilion County is largely due to the buying up of a very large amount of farm land by coal companies operating in this very prominent coal center. The population of this county has had a very rapid growth, communities springing up all over the county. This also had a tendency to decrease the number of farms. IOWA. District 3.-The decrease in the number of farms in Buchanan County is due to the fact that a large number of small farms have been bought up and are now parts of larger farms. The apparent decrease in acreage is due to some of the land not being cultivated-farms temporarily abandoned at the time the census was taken. District 8.-There were very few abandoned farms in this district in 1919, but the high farm rent and high wages in cities and towns caused a large number of renters to abandon their farms early in 1920. The enumerators, delayed by epidemics and bad roads, were unable, in many instances, to cover their territory until |