absent himself from the State for more than ninety consecutive days shall be deemed to have vacated his office.

SEC. 18. No judicial officer shall be superseded, nor shall the when suorganization of the several Courts of the Territory of Nevada be perseded. changed until the election and qualification of the several officers provided for in this Article.

ARTICLE VII. ·

IMPEACHMENT AND REMOVAL FROM OFFICE.

SECTION 1. The Assembly shall have the sole power of im- Impeachpeaching. The concurrence of a majority of all the members ment. elected shall be necessary to an impeachment. All impeachments shall be tried by the Senate, and when sitting for that How tried. purpose, the Senators shall be upon oath or affirmation to do justice according to law and evidence. The Chief Justice of Chief Justhe Supreme Court shall preside over the Senate while sitting preside. to try the Governor or Lieutenant Governor upon impeachment. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two Conviction. thirds of the Senators elected.

tice to

ment.

SEC. 2. The Governor and other State and judicial officers, Who liable except Justices of the Peace, shall be liable to impeachment for to impeachmisdemeanor or malfeasance in office; but judgment in such case shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold any office of honor, profit or trust under this State. The party, whether convicted or acquitted, shall nevertheless be liable to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to law.

Justices of

Court and

be removed.

SEC. 3. For any reasonable cause, to be entered on the journals of each House, which may or may not be sufficient grounds Supreme for impeachment, the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of District the Supreme Court and Judges of the District Courts shall be Judges may removed from office on the vote of two thirds of the members elected to each branch of the Legislature, and the Justice or Judge complained of shall be served with a copy of the complaint against him, and shall have an opportunity of being heard in person or by counsel in his defence; provided, that no member of either branch of the Legislature shall be eligible to fill the vacancy occasioned by such removal.

from office

SEC. 4. Provision shall be made by law for the removal from Removal office of any civil officer, other than those in this article pre-of civil viously specified, for malfeasance or nonfeasance in the perform- officer. ance of his duties.

ARTICLE VIII.

MUNICIPAL AND OTHER CORPORATIONS.

legislation.

SECTION 1. The Legislature shall pass no special act in any No special manner relating to corporate powers, except for municipal purposes; but corporations may be formed under general laws;

Taxation, what subject to.

Dues may

be secured.

Corporations may sue.

Bank notes

and all such laws may, from time to time, be altered or repealed.

SEC. 2. All real property and possessory rights to the same, as well as personal property in this State, belonging to corporations now existing or hereafter created, shall be subject to taxation the same as property of individuals; provided, that the property of corporations formed for municipal, charitable, religious or educational purposes may be exempted by law.

SEC. 3. Dues from corporations shall be secured by such means as may be prescribed by law; provided, that corporators in corporations formed under the laws of this State shall not be individually liable for the debts or liabilities of such corporation.

SEC. 4. Corporations created by or under the laws of the Territory of Nevada shall be subject to the provisions of such laws until the Legislature shall pass laws regulating the same, in pursuance of the provisions of this Constitution.

SEC. 5. Corporations may sue and be sued in all Courts, in like manner as individuals.

SEC. 6. No bank notes or paper of any kind shall ever be prohibited. permitted to circulate as money in this State, except the Federal currency and the notes of banks authorized under the laws of Congress.

Right of way.

Organiza

SEC. 7. No right of way shall be appropriated to the use of any corporations until full compensation be first made or

secured therefor.

SEC. 8. The Legislature shall provide for the organization of tion of cities cities and towns by general laws, and restrict their powers of and towns. taxation, assessment, borrowing money, contracting debts, and loaning their credit, except for procuring supplies of water.

State not to donate or loan.

County,

etc., not to become

SEC. 9. The State shall not donate or loan money or its credit, or subscribe to or be interested in the stock of any company, association or corporation, except corporations formed for educational or charitable purposes.

SEC. 10. No county, city, town, or other municipal corporation, shall become a stockholder in any joint stock company, stockholder. corporation or association whatever, or loan its credit in aid of any such company, corporation or association, except railroad corporations, companies or associations.

ARTICLE IX.

Fiscal year.

Legislature

for levying

an annual tax.

FINANCE AND STATE DEBT.

SECTION 1. The fiscal year shall commence on the first day of January in each year.

SEC. 2. The Legislature shall provide by law for an annual to provide tax sufficient to defray the estimated expenses of the State for each fiscal year; and whenever the expenses of any year shall exceed the income, the Legislature shall provide for levying a tax sufficient, with other sources of income, to pay the deficiency, as well as the estimated expenses of such ensuing years [year] or two years.

SEC. 3. For the purpose of enabling the State to transact its

contract

business upon a cash basis, from its organization, the State may State may contract public debts; but such debts shall never, in the aggre- debts. gate, exclusive of interest, exceed the sum of three hundred Restriction thousand dollars, except for the purpose of defraying extraor- of debt. dinary expenses as hereinafter mentioned. Every such debt shall be authorized by law for some purpose or purposes, to be distinctly specified therein; and every such law shall provide for levying an annual tax sufficient to pay the interest semi- Annual tax. annually, and the principal within twenty years from the passage of such law, and shall specially appropriate the proceeds Proceeds, of said taxes to the payment of said principal and interest; and priated. such appropriation shall not be repealed, nor the taxes be postponed or diminished until the principal and interest of said debts shall have been wholly paid. Every contract of indebtedness entered into or assumed by or on behalf of the State, tract void. when all its debts and liabilities amount to said sum before mentioned, shall be void and of no effect, except in of money borrowed to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, defend the State in time of war, or, if hostilities be threatened, provide for the public defense.

cases

how appro

When con

debtedness.

SEC. 4. The State shall never assume the debts of any county, State not to town, city, or other corporation whatever, unless such debts assume inhave been created to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, or to provide for the public defense.

ARTICLE X.

TAXATION.

SECTION 1. The Legislature shall provide by law for a uniform Taxation to and equal rate of assessment and taxation, and shall prescribe be equal. such regulations as shall secure a just valuation for taxation of all property, real, personal and possessory, except mines and mining claims, the proceeds of which alone shall be taxed, and also excepting such property as may be exempted by law for municipal, educational, literary, scientific, religious or charitable purposes.

ARTICLE XI.

EDUCATION.

tendent,

SECTION 1. The Legislature shall encourage, by all suitable Superinmeans, the promotion of intellectual, literary, scientific, mining, when mechanical, agricultural, and moral improvements; and also elected. provide for the election, by the people, at the general election, of a Superintendent of Public Instruction, whose term of office shall be two years from the first Monday of January, A. D. eighteen hundred and sixty-five, and until the election and the qualification of his successor, and whose duties shall be prescribed by law. SEC. 2. The Legislature shall provide for a uniform system of common schools, by which a school shall be established and maintained in each school district at least six months in every year;

Term of office.

School

system, to be uniform.

Lands ap

for educa

tional purposes.

and any school district neglecting to establish and maintain such a school, or which shall allow instruction of a sectarian character therein, may be deprived of its proportion of the interest of the public school fund during such neglect or infraction; and the Legislature may pass such laws as will tend to secure a general attendance of the children in each school district upon said public schools.

SEC. 3. All lands, including the sixteenth and thirty-sixth propriated sections in every township, donated for the benefit of public schools in the Act of the thirty-eighth Congress to enable the people of Nevada Territory to form a State government, the thirty thousand acres of public lands granted by an Act of Congress, approved July second, A. D. eighteen hundred and sixtytwo, for each Senator and Representative in Congress, and all proceeds of lands that have been, or may hereafter be granted or appropriated by the United States to this State, and also the five hundred thousand acres of land granted to the new States under the Act of Congress distributing the proceeds of the public lands among the several States of the Union, approved A. D. eighteen hundred and forty-one; provided, that Congress make provisions for, or authorizes such diversion to be made for the purpose herein contained, all estates that may escheat to the State, all of such per cent. as may be granted by Congress on the sale of land, all fines collected under the penal laws of the State, all property given or bequeathed to the State for educational purposes, and all proceeds derived from any or all of said sources, shall be, and the same are hereby solemnly pledged for educational purposes, and shall not be transferred to any other fund for other uses; and the interest thereon shall, from time to time, be apportioned among the several counties in proportion to the ascertained numbers of the persons between the ages of six and eighteen years in the different counties, and the Legislature shall provide for the sale of floating land warrants to cover the aforesaid lands, and for the investment of all proceeds derived from any of the above mentioned sources, in United States Bonds, or the bonds of this State; provided, that the interest only of the aforesaid proceeds shall be used for educational purposes, and any surplus interest shall be added to the principal sum; and, provided further, that such portions of said interest as may be necessary may be appropriated for the support of the State University.

Sale, how made.

Proviso.

University.

Normal schools.

SEC. 4. The Legislature shall provide for the establishment of a State University, which shall embrace departments for agriculture, mechanic arts and mining, to be controlled by a Board of Regents, whose duties shall be prescribed by law.

SEC. 5. The Legislature shall have power to establish normal schools, and such different grades of schools, from the primary department to the University, as in their discretion they may deem necessary, and all professors in said University, or teachers in said schools, of whatever grade, shall be required to take and subscribe to the oath as prescribed in Article Fifteenth, of this Constitution. No professor or teacher who fails to comply with the provisions of any law framed in accordance with the provisions of this sectior shall be entitled to receive any portion of the public moneys set apart for school purposes.

SEC. 6. The Legislature shall provide a special tax of one Special tax. half of one mill on the dollar of all taxable property in the State, in addition to the other means provided for the support and maintenance of said University and common schools; provided, that at the end of ten years they may reduce said tax to one quarter of one mill on each dollar of taxable property.

SEC. 7. The Governor, Secretary of State, and Superintendent Regents. of Public Instruction shall, for the first four years, and until their successors are elected and qualified, constitute a Board of Regents, to control and manage the affairs of the University and the funds of the same, under such regulations as may be provided by law. But the Legislature shall, at its regular session next preceding the expiration of the term of office of the said Board of Regents, provide for the election of a new Board of Regents and define their duties.

Duties of

SEC. 8. The Board of Regents shall, from the interest accruing from the first funds which come under their control, imme- Regents. diately organize and maintain the said mining department in such manner as to make it most effective and useful; provided, that all the proceeds of the public lands donated by Act of Congress approved July second, A. D. eighteen hundred and sixty-two, for a College for the benefit of Agriculture, the Mechanic Arts, and including military tactics, shall be invested by the said Board of Regents in a separate fund, to be appropriated exclusively for the benefit of the first-named departments to the University, as set forth in section four above, and the Legislature shall provide that if, through neglect or any other contingency, any portion of the fund so set apart shall be lost or misappropriated, the State of Nevada shall replace said amount so lost or misappropriated in said fund, so that the principal of said fund shall remain forever undiminished.

ism pro

SEC. 9. No sectarian instruction shall be imparted or tolerated Sectarianin any school or University that may be established under this hibited. Constitution.

ARTICLE XII.

MILITIA.

Militia.

SECTION 1. The Legislature shall provide by law for organi- Organizazing and disciplining the militia of this State, for the effectual tion of encouragement of volunteer corps, and the safe keeping of the public arms.

call out.

SEC. 2. The Governor shall have power to call out the Power to militia to execute the laws of the State, or to repress insurrection or repel invasion.

ARTICLE XIII.

PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

SECTION 1.

Institutions for the benefit of the insane, blind, Benevolent and deaf and dumb, and such other benevolent institutions as institutions the public good may require, shall be fostered and supported by fostered.

to be