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brigadier-general, 1 colonel, 2 lieutenant-colonels, 4 majors, and 12 captains. By section 22 of the act of July 17, 1862 (id., 597), 1 colonel, 2 lieutenantcolonels, and 9 majors were added to the establishment, with the requirement that vacancies in the grade of major should thereafter be filled by selections from captains in the Army. By section 10 of the act of July 28, 1866 (14 id., 333), the composition of the department was fixed as follows: One brigadiergeneral, 2 colonels, 4 lieutenant-colonels, and 13 majors. The grade of captain not being provided for in this enactment was thenceforward discontinued. This statute contained the requirement that vacancies in the office of adjutantgeneral should thereafter be filled by selection from the officers of the department. By section 2 of the act of March 3, 1869 (15 id., 318), promotions and appointments in the department were forbidden until the further order of Congress, but by joint resolution No. 12, of April 10, 1869 (16 id., 53), this statute was suspended in its operation as to vacancies which had existed on March 3, 1869. By the act of March 3, 1873 (17 id., 578), the appointment of 1 major to the department was authorized, and, by the act of March 3, 1875 (18 id., 478), the restriction upon appointments and promotions imposed by the act of March 3, 1869, was removed, and the composition of the department fixed at 1 brigadier-general, 2 colonels, 4 lieutenant-colonels, and 10 majors. By the act of February 28, 1887 (24 id., 434), the grades of rank of the officers constituting the department were rearranged so as to consist of 1 brigadier-general, 4 colonels, 6 lieutenant-colonels, and 6 majors, the vacancies created by the act to be filled by promotion according to seniority. By the act of August 6, 1894 (28 id., 234), the number of majors in the department was reduced to 4. By the act of May 18, 1898 (30 id., 419), the appointment of 1 colonel and 1 major was authorized, with the proviso that, upon the muster out of the volunteer forces, no promotions or appointments should be made until the number of officers of the above grades had been reduced to that authorized by the law in force prior to the passage of the act. By section 3 of the act of June 6, 1900 (31 id., 655), the rank of major-general was conferred upon the adjutant-general during the service of the present incumbent." By section 13 of the act of February 2, 1901 (31 id., 751), the permanent strength of the department was fixed at 1 adjutant-general with the rank of major-general, until a vacancy shall occur in the office on the expiration of the service of the present incumbent, by retirement or otherwise, and thereafter with the rank of brigadier-general. 5 assistant adjutants-general with the rank of colonel, 7 assistant adjutants-general with the rank of lieutenantcolonel, and 15 assistant adjutants-general with the rank of major. A system of details was also established, by the operation of which the permanent commissioned personnel of the department will be gradually replaced, as vacancies occur, by officers detailed from the line of the Army for duty in the AdjutantGeneral's Department.

By the act of April 23, 1904, the offices of the Adjutant-General's Department, except the adjutant-general, and the officers of the Record and Pension Office, were constituted a department of the Army to be known as the Military Secretary's Department; the Adjutant General's Office and the Record and Pension Office constituting a bureau of the War Department to be known as the Military Secretary's Office.

By the act of March 2, 1907, the name of the Military Secretary's Department was changed to Adjutant-General's Department and the Military Secretary's Office became the Adjutant-General's Office.

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459. Composition. That the Inspector-General's Department shall consist of one Inspector-General with the rank of brigadiergeneral, four inspectors-general with the rank of colonel, four inspectors-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and eight inspectors-general with the rank of major: Provided, That all vacancies created or caused by this section shall be filled, as far as possible, by promotion according to seniority of officers of the Inspector-General's Department. Sec. 14, Act of Feb. 2, 1901 (31 Stat.

751).

Upon the occurrence of a vacancy in the grade of colonel in the Inspector-General's Department after the present lieutenant-colonels therein shall have been promoted or retired, such vacancy shall not be filled, and thereafter the number of officers authorized for that department shall be as follows: One inspector-general with the rank of brigadier-general; three inspectors-general with the rank of colonel; four inspectors-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and nine inspectors-general with the rank of major. Act of Mar. 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 899).

(The reduction provided for in the act of March 2, 1901, has been accomplished. For the statutory regulations in regard to details and promotions in the Inspector General's Department, see chapter entitled Staff Departments.)

460. Expert accountant.-For pay of one expert accountant for the Inspector-General's Department, to be appointed in case of vacancy, by the Secretary of War, two thousand five hundred dollars. Act of Feb. 24, 1891 (26 Stat. 773).

(This item, contained in an appropriation act, served to authorize the employment of an expert accountant; the authority has been continued in a similar manner. For the law covering the mileage of the expert accountant see chapter entitled Quartermaster Corps under the head "Payments to the Army ").

461. Duties of Inspectors General.—It shall be the duty of the Secretary of War to cause frequent inquiries to be made as to the necessity, economy, and propriety of all disbursements made by disbursing officers of the Army, and as to their strict conformity to the law appropriating the money; also to ascertain whether the disbursing officers of the Army comply with the law in keeping their accounts and making their deposits; such inquiries to be made by officers of the Inspection Department of the Army, or others detailed for that purpose: Provided, That no officer so detailed shall be in any way connected with the department or corps making the disbursement. Act of Apr. 20, 1874 (18 Stat. 33).

(For the general duties of the Inspector General's Department see A. R., 1913, paragraphs 878-902.)

462. Reports of inspections.-That the reports of such inspections shall be made out and forwarded to Congress with the annual report of the Secretary of War. Sec. 2, Id.

(See paragraphs 412 and 413.)

463. Inspections of Volunteer Soldiers' Homes.-The Secretary of War shall hereafter exercise the same supervision over all receipts and disbursements on account of the Volunteer Soldiers' Homes as he is required by law to apply to the accounts of disbursing officers of the Army. Act of Mar. 3, 1893 (27 Stat. 653).

(See paragraph 412.)

463. Same-Annual inspection by officer of Inspector General's Department. Hereafter, one in each fiscal year, the Secretary of War shall cause a thorough inspection to be made of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, its records, disbursements, management, discipline, and condition, such inspection to be made by an officer of the Inspector General's Department, who shall report thereon in writing, and said report shall be transmitted to Congress at the first session thereafter. Act of Aug. 18, 1894 (28 Stat. 412).

464. Inspector-General of Army to inspect Soldiers' Home.-The Inspector-General of the Army shall, in person, once in each year thoroughly inspect the [Soldiers'] Home, its records, accounts, management, discipline, and sanitary condition, and shall report thereon in writing, together with such suggestions as he desires to make. Sec. 2, Act of Mar. 3, 1883 (22 Stat. 564).

(For the law in regard to the inspection of the Military Prison see paragraph 479 post.)

HISTORICAL NOTE.

The Inspector General's Department had existed during the War of the Revolution, the office of inspector general having been held by Baron Steuben, whose appointment was approved by Congress in a resolution dated May 25, 1778. During the incumbency of Baron Steuben a system of drill regulations was prepared and introduced, which continued in use until replaced, in part, by the

system prepared by Col. Alexander Smyth in 1810, being finally superseded by the drill regulations prepared by Major General Scott in 1821. On June 25, 1788, in conformity to a resolution of Congress of that date, the Inspector's Department ceased to exist, and the inspection of the troops was conducted for a time by officers of the line detailed for the purpose. By section 4 of the act of April 30, 1790 (1 Stat. 119), the appointment of one inspector was authorized for the establishment created by that enactment. The act of March 5, 1792 (id., 241), merged the duties of the Adjutant and Inspector General's Departments and made provision for an adjutant who was to do the duty of an inspector; section 3 of the act of May 30, 1796 (id., 483), made similar provision for an inspector who was to do the duty of an adjutant. The acts of March 3, 1797 (id., 507), and May 22, 1798 (id., 557), authorized the detail of an officer of the line to perform the duties of inspector general. Section 6 of the act of May 28, 1798 (id., 588), passed in contemplation of war with France, authorized the appointment of an inspector general with the rank of major general, and on July 18, 1798, Gen. Alexander Hamilton was appointed to the vacancy. The temporary military establishment thus authorized, which was never fully completed, was disbanded by the acts of February 20, 1800 (2 id., 7), and May 14, 1800 (id., 85), and the duties of the department were again performed by detail until the office of inspector was created by section 4 of the act of March 16, 1802 (id., 132); by sction 3 of the act of April 12, 1808 (id., 481), two brigade inspectors were authorized to be detailed from the line with increased rank; by the act of December 24, 1811 (id., 669), the office of inspector general (brigadier general) was created and two assistants (lieutenant colonels) were authorized; the duties of the department were defined in regulations approved by the Secretary of War on November 4, 1812. By the act of March 3, 1813 (id., 819), the Adjutant and Inspector General's Departments were again merged. The act of March 3, 1815 (3 id., 224), fixing the peace establishment, made no express provision for these departments, their duties being performed by officers temporarily detailed for the purpose. By section 10 of the act of April 24, 1816 (id., 297), however, the temporary establishment which had existed since 1815 was made permanent. Provision was also made for an Adjutant and Inspector General of the Army, together with an inspector general to each division and an assistant to each brigade, which were to be filled by detail of officers from the line. At the general reduction of 1821 the Inspector General's Department was recognized and continued by section 6 of the act of March 2, 1821 (id., 615), its composition being fixed at two inspectors general with the rank and pay of colonels of cavalry. By section 4 of the act of August 23, 1842 (5 id., 512), the department was reduced to one officer; the disbanded officer was restored, however, by the act of June 12, 1846 (9 id., 2), and the composition of the department, as thus established, underwent no change until the outbreak of the War of the Rebellion.

By section 2 of the act of August 3, 1861 (12 id., 287), five majors were added to the department; by section 4 of the act of August 6, 1861 (id., 318), two colonels were authorized; and provision for the inspection service of the armies in the field was made by section 10 of the act of July 17, 1862 (id., 299), which authorized the rank and pay of lieutenant colonel of cavalry to be conferred upon the inspectors general of Army corps. By section 11 of the act of July 28, 1866 (14 id., 334), the composition of the department was fixed as follows: Four colonels, three lieutenant colonels, and two majors. Section 6 of the act of March 3, 1869 (15 id., 318), contained the requirement that there should be no promotions or appointments in the staff until otherwise directed by law; by the acts of June 8, 1872 (17 id., 338), and June 16, 1874 (18 id., 77), promotions were authorized to correct inequalities in the rank of officers of the department. By the act of June 23, 1874 (id., 244), the restriction contained in the act of March 3, 1869, was removed and the strength of the department fixed at one inspector general with the rank of colonel, two inspectors general with the rank of lieutenant colonel, and two inspectors general with the rank of major; authority was also conferred for the detail of four officers from the line of the Army for service as assistant inspectors general, who were to receive the mounted pay of their grades, and no appointments were to be made to the grade of major until the number of officers in the department had been reduced to five. By the act of December 12, 1878 (20 id., 257), the rank of brigadier general was conferred upon the senior inspector general. By the act of February 5, 1885 (23 id., 297), the composition of the department was fixed as follows: One inspector general (brigadier general), two colonels, two lieutenant colonels, and two majors. It was also provided that the inspector general should be

selected from the officers of the corps, that promotions should be by seniority in the department, and that appointments to the grade of major should be made from the captains in the line of the Army. By the act of July 7, 1898 (30 id., 720), one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, and one major were added to the department under the conditions above set forth.

By section 14 of the act of February 2, 1901 (31 id., 751), the permanent strength of the department was fixed at one inspector general with the rank of brigadier general, four inspectors general with the rank of colonel, four inspectors general with the rank of lieutenant colonel, and eight inspectors general with the rank of major. A system of details was also established, by the operation of which the permanent commissioned personnel of the department will be gradually replaced, as vacancies occur, by officers detailed from the line of the Army for duty in the Inspector General's Department.

The act of March 3, 1901 (31 Stat. 899), modified the organization prescribed in the act of February 2, 1901, by the insertion of the requirement that, upon the occurrence of a vacancy in the grade of colonel, after the present lieutenant colonels shall have been promoted or retired, the vacancy shall not be filled and thereafter the number of officers authorized for the department shall be as follows: One inspector general with the rank of brigadier general, three inspectors general with the rank of colonel, four inspectors general with the rank of lieutenant colonel, and nine inspectors general with the rank of major.

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