Columbia Law Review, Volume 103

accompanying text action doctrine admissions affirmative action African Americans agreements Amendment analysis application arguing beneficiaries benefits charter schools claim Columbia Law Review common law agent Congress constitutional accountability constitutional constraints consumer expectations test context contract contractors corporation current state action decisions design defect diversity due process enforcement ERISA federal FSIA government power government's governors Grutter hereinafter individuals infra involvement judicial Justice Lakes law agent test litigation Little Traverse Bay MCOs Medicaid Medicare ment Mertens Michigan participants parties plaintiff private actors private delegation private entities private prisons private right products liability Professor of Law programs protections public function racial regulatory remedy Rendell-Baker requirements responsibility Restatement Third right of action risk risk-utility test Scalia sovereign immunity statute Supp supra note supra text accompanying Supreme Court text accompanying notes tion tort Traverse Bay Bands trust trust law violations welfare WRDA