Whitcomb, Samuel, Jr. Address Before the Working Men's Society of Dedham (Boston, 1831). Wright, Frances. Views of Society and Manners in America (London, 1821). Young, John R. Memorial History of the City of Philadelphia (2 vols., New York, 1895, 1898). PART III. TRADE UNIONISM, 1833-1839 The history of the movement contained in these chapters is based almost entirely upon the labour papers that sprang up with it. The New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore trades' unions established papers of their own; the Boston Trades' Union chose the New England Artisan, the organ of the New England Association of Farmers, Mechanics, and Other Working Men, as its official paper; and the Washington Trades' Union published its minutes in the Washingtonian. The National Trades' Union had its official organ in the National Trades' Union, a weekly, established in New York City in 1834, and published during this and the following year by Ely Moore, president of the organisation, and the first labour member of Congress. Unfortunately the New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore trades' union papers are among the twenty-one or more labour papers published from 1833 to 1839 that have not been located. Their loss is partly compensated, however, in the possession of other trades' union papers, some of which begin where others ended, thus making the story more or less complete. The New York Union did not appear until 1836, but before that time the Trades' Union published its proceedings in the National Trades' Union, which has been preserved by Ely Moore, of Lawrence, Kansas, a son of the editor, and which constitutes an invaluable source of information not only for the Trades' Union of New York City, but for the National Trades' Union and the trade union movement at large. The Philadelphia Trades' Union was started in 1834 and probably ran until 1836, when the National Laborer appeared. The latter paper was published from March, 1836, to March, 1837, by the National Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, and edited by Thomas Hogan, president of the Trades' Union during a part of this time. The Baltimore Trades' Union was probably not started until 1836, but the record of the organisation it represented is partly preserved in a friendly paper, the Baltimore Republican and Commercial Advertiser. Other labour papers, not necessarily trades' union papers, published during the time were the Radical Reformer and Working Man's Advocate in Philadelphia in 1835, the Working Man's Advocate in New York from 1829 to 1836, and The Man in the same city during 1834 and 1835. The Man was a daily penny paper and together with the Working Man's Advo cate was published by George Henry Evans. Valuable sources of information are also the papers friendly to labour at this time. These were the Baltimore Republican and Commercial Advertiser, already mentioned, the Pennsylvanian, and the Public Ledger of Philadelphia, and the Morning Courier and New York Enquirer, the Evening Post, the Plaindealer and the New Era of New York. The hostile papers also throw some light on the movement, particularly the Boston Courier, the New York Journal of Commerce, the Albany Argus, the Philadelphia National Gazette and Literary Register, and the Washington United States Telegraph. Other papers consulted, of a more general character were the Essex Tribune, the Lynn Record, the Boston Transcript, the Evening Transcript, American, Commercial Advertiser, and Daily Advertiser of New York, Hazard's Register of Philadelphia, Niles' Weekly Register of Baltimore, and the Commercial Bulletin and Missouri Literary Register of St. Louis. Papers which properly belong to the political period, 18271833, were also referred to. These are the Delaware Free Press, published in Wilmington, Delaware, during 1830, the New York Daily Sentinel and Working Man's Advocate, a semi-weekly edition of the Working Man's Advocate published during the same year, and particularly the Mechanics' Free Press published in Philadelphia from 1828 to 1831.1 In addition to volumes V and VI of the Documentary History of American Industrial Society, edited by Professor Com 1 For a fuller account of these papers, see Bibliography: Citizenship, 1827-1833, 455 et seq. mons and Helen L. Sumner, the only other collection of original sources is Ethelbert Stewart's Documentary History of Early Organizations of Printers. The principal secondary source is Barnett's exhaustive treatise, The Printers, A Study in American Trade Unionism.3 Evans Woollen, in Labor Troubles Between 1834 and 1837 discusses the labour problems of the time, but hardly mentions the organisations described here. I. PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. Documents Relative to the Manufactures in the United States, House Document, 22 Cong., I sess., No. 3081 (1803). Laws of Pennsylvania, 1828-1829. Manual of Councils of Philadelphia (Philadelphia, 1907-1908). Stewart, Ethelbert. A Documentary History of the Early Organizations of the Printers, in Bulletin of the United States Department of Labor, XI, 857-1033 (1905). Report of the Commissioners Appointed by the Governor under the "Act Concerning State Prisons," Assembly Document (New York, 1835), No. 135. Report of the Commissioners on the Penal Code of Pennsylvania, in Senate Journal, 1827-1828. Report of Gershom Powers, Agent and Keeper of the State Prison at Auburn to the Legislature, Assembly Document (Albany, 1828), No. 135. United States Bureau of Labor, Sixteenth Annual Report, "Strikes and Lockouts" (1887). United States Census, 1880. History and Present Condition of the Newspaper and Periodical Press of the United States. United States Census, 1880. Report on the Agencies of Transportation in the United States. United States House Journal, 24 Cong. 1st sess. (1835). United States Immigration Commission. Report, Sen. Doc., 61 Cong., 3d sess., No. 750, IX, XXXIX. United States Secretary of the Treasury on the State of Finances. Report, 1827-1838, 1863. United States Senate Document, 24 Cong. 2d sess., No. 5, "Immigration" (Washington, 1836). 2 United States Department of Labor, Bulletin, 1905, Vol. XI. 8 American Economic Association Quarterly, 1909, 3rd ser., Vol. X. 4 Yale Review, 1892, pp. 87-100. United States. Statistical Abstract, 1915. Wright, Carroll D. Report on the Factory System in the United States, United States Census, 1880, II. II. BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. Abbott, Edith. Women in Industry (New York and London, 1910). Bogart, E. L. The Economic History of the United States (New York, 1907). Byrdsall, F. The History of the Loco-Foco or Equal Rights Party (New York, 1842). Commonwealth v. Hunt, Thacher's Criminal Cases; 4 Metcalf III. Coman, Katharine. The Industrial History of the United States (New York, 1905). Derby, J. C. Fifty Years among Authors, Books and Publishers (New York, 1884). Desmond, H. J. The Know-Nothing Party (Washington, 1905). Dewey, D. R. Financial History of the United States (New York, 1905). Finch, John. Rise and Progress of the General Trades' Union of the City of New York and its Vicinity, with an Address to the Mechanics of the City of New York and Throughout the United States (New York, 1833, Pamphlet). Harper, Henry J. The House of Harper (New York and London, 1912). Hudson, Frederick. Journalism in the United States, from 1690 to 1872 (New York, 1873). Journeymen Cabinet-Makers of the City of Philadelphia. Consti tution (Philadelphia, 1829). Kerr, R. W. Government Printing Office with a Brief Record of the Public Printing for a Century, 1789-1881 (Lancaster, Pa., 1881). Knox, John J. History of Banking in the United States (New York, 1900). Laws of the State of New York, 1785, 1795, 1805, 1815, 1825, 1835, 1836. Luther, Seth. Address to the Working Men of New England (Boston, 1832). Myers, Gustavus. The History of Tammany Hall (New York, 1901). National Typographical Society. Proceedings, together with the Constitution for a National Typographical Society (Washington, 1836). On the Prisons of Philadelphia, by An European (Philadelphia, 1796). One Hundred Years of Publishing, 1785-1885 (Philadelphia, 1885). People v. Fisher et al., 14 Wendell 10 (1835). Poor, Henry V. Manual of Railroads of the United States (New York, 1881). Prison Discipline Society, Board of Managers, Annual Report, 1827-1835 (Boston). Proceedings of the Government and Citizens of Philadelphia on the Reduction of the Hours of Labor and Increase of Wages (Boston, 1835, Pamphlet). Putnam, G. H. George Palmer Putnam, A Memoir (New York and London, 1912). Report on the Production and Manufacture of Cotton, 1832, New York Convention of the Friends of Domestic Industry. Scharf, J. T. Chronicles of Baltimore (Baltimore, 1874). Schouler, James S. History of the United States of America (New York, 1908-1913). Tanner, H. S. A Description of the Canals and Rail Roads of the United States (New York, 1840). United States. Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury, 18291844. White, George S. Memoirs of Samuel Slater, the Father of American Manufactures, connected with a History of the Rise and Progress of the Cotton Manufacture in England and America (Philadelphia, 1836). Winsor, Justin. Memorial History of Boston (Boston, 1881), III. III. GENERAL PAPERS. Albany Argus, semi-weekly, 1833-1837. American (New York), daily, 1836. American Sentinel (Philadelphia), daily, 1833-1835. Baltimore Republican and Commercial Advertiser, daily, 18331839. Banner of the Constitution (Washington, New York, Philadelphia), weekly, 1829-1832. Columbian Centinel (Boston), 1829. Commercial Bulletin and Missouri Literary Register (St. Louis), weekly, 1835. Courier (Boston), daily, 1833-1839. Daily Evening Transcript (Boston), 1833-1836. |