Sec. 14. [Chairman of quarter sessions to order copies of standard weights and measures in boroughs.] The chairman of Q. S. for each county in Ireland at the Q. S. which shall be held for such county next after the 25th March, 1861, and at such Q. S. in every succeeding year, shall inquire whether one complete set of such copies of the imperial standard weights and measures, and a sufficient number of sub-standard copies of weights and measures, beams and scales, and borough stamps, has been provided in each borough within such county; and in every case in which it shall not appear to him that one set at least of such copies has been so provided, such chairman of quarter sessions shall forthwith order the town clerk or other proper officer of such borough to provide one complete set of such copies of the imperial standard weights and measures, and also such number of sub-standard weights and measures, beams and scales, and borough stamps as he shall think sufficient; and every such order shall have the effect of an order of the town council of such borough to raise such amount by way of rate in such borongh as may be necessary to procure a complete set of such copies of the imperial standard weights and measures, and also such number of copies of the sub-standard weights and measures, beams and scales, and borough stamps, as shall appear to such chairman of quarter sessions to be sufficient, and as he shall direct; and such town clerk or other proper officer shall, within three calendar months next after he shall receive such order, fully execute the same,or failing so to do, shall be liable to any penalty not exceeding £20.

Sec. 15. [Standards of W. and M. when to be adjusted.] No copy of any of the imperial standards of weights shall be deemed legal, or used for the purpose of enforcing the provisions of this act or the 5 & 6 W. IV. c. 63, unless the same have been compared or re-verified by the comptroller general, or some other officer of the exchequer duly authorised, within five years before the time when it it is so used; and no model or copy of any of the imperial standards of measures shall be deemed legal, or used for the purposes aforesaid, unless it have been compared or reverified as aforesaid within ten years before the time when it is so used, or unless such model or copy have been compared by the sub-inspector so appointed as aforesaid, in the county in which it is used, in the presence of one J.P. with a model or copy of the imperial standard of weight duly compared and verified at the exchequer within five years of its being so used, and found on such comparison by such inspector to be correct, or with a model or copy of the imperial standard of measure duly compared and verified at the exchequer within ten years of its being so used, and found on such comparison by such inspector to be correct; and the expenses incurred in and about such

comparison or re-verification of any such model or copy of any imperial standard of weight or measure shall in all cases be paid in the same manner, and out of the same funds, as is provided for the procuring of such models and copies under the provisions of this act.

Sec. 16. [Power to inspector to inspect beams, scales, &c. in posseesion of persons selling.] Every ex-officio inspector of weights and measures, at all reasonable times, may inspect all beams, scales, and balances, and weights and measures, in the possession of any person selling, offering, or exposing for sale any goods on any open ground, or in any public street, lane, thoroughfare, or other open place; and if upon such inspection or examination any such beams, scales, or balances, or weights or measures, shall be found light or unjust. or otherwise contrary to the provisions of this act or the 5 & 6 W. IV. c. 63, or if any fraud be wilfully committed in the using thereof, the same shall be liable to be seized and forfeited, and the person or persons using or having in his or her possession any such false and unjust beams, scales, or balances, or light or unjust weights or measures, shall be liable to any penalty not exceeding £5, as shall be adjudged by any justice or justices before whom any such conviction shall take place.

Sec. 17. [Power to destroy false weights and measures.] Every light or unjust weight or measure used by any person for the sale of any article, or in the possession of any person, shall, on being discovered by any such head or other constable as aforesaid, be seized by him, and upon the conviction of the person so using or possessing the same shall be forfeited and forthwith destroyed.

Sec. 18. [Penalty for offences against this act.] Any person who shall stamp any weight or measure with the county or borough stamp which shall not have been duly and properly compared and adjusted as herein-before mentioned, or shall use the county sub-standard weights and measures for any purpose other than that authorized by the 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 63, or this act, shall, upon being convicted thereof, forfeit not exceeding £5, as shall be adjudged by any justice or justices before whom any such conviction shall take place.

Sec. 19. [Penalty for making, &c., false beams, &c.] Any person who shall wilfully or knowingly make or sell, or cause to be made or sold, any false or unjust beam, scale, or balance, or any light or unjust weight or measure shall, upon being convicted thereof, forfeit not exceeding £10, as shall be adjudged by any justice or justices before whom any such conviction shall take place.

Sec. 20. [Inspectors authorized to stamp measures although

made partly of glass, &c.] And whereas since the passing of the 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 63, measures for liquids have been constructed with a small window or transparent part, through which the contents, whether to the brim or to any other index thereof, may be seen without impediment, and the use of such measures by publicans and others in the retail of malt liquors and spirits, and other exciseable liquids, would be attended with advantage both to the purchaser and seller: Be it therefore enacted, That measures for such liquids, which shall correspond in capacity with the sub-standard measures herein-before mentioned, or parts or multiples thereof, although such measures may be made partly of copper or other metal, and partly of glass or other transparent medium, may be examined, compared, and stamped by all ex officio inspectors of weights and measures, anything in the said recited act to the contrary notwithstanding: That measures for such liquids, the capacity of which shall exceed the sub-standard measures, or parts or multiples thereof, hereinbefore mentioned, but which shall have the capacity of such sub-standard measures, or parts or multiples thereof, respectively indicated by a level line drawn through the centre of the window or transparent part, although such measures may be made partly of copper or other metal, and partly of glass or other transparent medium, may be examined, compared, and stamped by all such inspectors of weights and measures, anything in the said recited act to the contrary notwithstanding.

Sec. 21. [Proceedings under this act.] All proceedings under this act as to compelling the appearance of any witness, and as to the hearing and determination of any complaints, or any other matter relating thereto, shall be subject in all respects to "The Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act, 1851," as the same is amended by "The Petty Sessions Clerk (Ireland) Act, 1858," (when the case shall be heard in any petty sessions district), and to the provisions of the acts relating to the divisional police offices, when the same shall be heard in the police district of Dublin metropolis, so far as the said provisions shall be consistent with any special provisions of this act; and when any fine or penalty is imposed under the provisions of this act, such fines and penalties shall be paid over to such purposes and applied in such manner as is provided by "The Fines Act (Ireland), 1851."

Sec. 22. Provisions of 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 63, (save such parts as are hereby repealed) incorporated in this act.

By 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 63, coals are directed to be sold by weight and not by measure; s. 9. The duty of the ordinary inspector of weights and measures, under this statute are as follows-He is to attend at market towns, when ordered by J. P., to examine weights and punish the delinquent; see ss. 24 to 28;

to adjust the weights of traders after comparison with the standard weights; s. 24; and to stamp those which are found correct with the proper stamp furnished to him for that purpose. The duties of the ex officio inspector, selected from the constabulary force, under the provisions of the 14 & 15 Vic. c. 92, s. 18, are in a great measure confined to the first branch, as those most nearly connected with the detection and punishment of crime. He ought, however, to allow every trader to compare his weights and measures with the sub-standards that may be in the head constable's office.

It is not an offence to have light weights in a person's possession in his house of business; to constitute an offence under the stat. 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 63, s. 28, they must be in his possession in his place of business where he keeps goods exposed for sale or weighed for conveyance or carriage. Doyle app. Morris resp. 6 Ir. J. N. S. 60. Earthenware vessels, unstamped, but ordinarily used as containing a certain quantity according to imperial measure are measures within s. 28 of 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 63, and if found unjust are liable to be seized, and the dealer in whose premises they are found, is liable to penalties under that section for having them in his possession. R. v. Burton, 30 L. J. M. C.

129.

There is an opinion given in the L. J. N. S. 138, under the hearing of the magistrate and parish lawyer of the solicitorgeneral of England on the 21st sec. of the 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 63 which determines in accordance with the order of the magistrates of the Edgware sessions, that quart and pint bottles of beer, &c. are not, under the Weights and Measures Acts, bound to be of the capacity of an imperial quart or pint. The 21st sec. appears to have no bearing upon the cases, applying as it does only to measures (in sales of liquors) and in the sale of which the sale is made; and in the sale of quart or pint bottles of beer, &c. no measure is resorted to. It would seem, therefore, that it is lawful to sell liquor in a bottle commonly called a quart or a pint, although not containing an imperial quart or pint, the seller not actually representing it to be an imperial measure, but also without the buyer being informed by the seller that it is NOT an imperial measure.

WHITEBOY OFFENCES. Assembling, or appearing by day or night, to the terror of her Majesty's subjects, armed, or having the face or body disguised, or wearing any particular badge, &c. or assuming any particular name, &c., misdemeanors; 15 & 16 Geo. III. c. 21, Ir., s. 2; perp. by 40 Geo. III. c. 96, Ir., s. 4. By force or menace unlawfully imposing or tendering any oath, &c. misdemeanor; id. s. 21. By sound of drum, shouting, or other signal, exciting or promoting such unlawful meetings,

misdemeanor; id. s. 23. Any person not duly qualified administering or tendering, &c. or by threats, persuasions, &c. procuring to be taken by any person an unlawful oath, felony; 27 Geo. III. c. 15, Ir. s. 6 (g). Taking any unlawful oath or solemn engagement on a book or otherwise, not being thereto compelled by inevitable necessity, felony; 27 Geo. III. c. 15, s. 6, perp. by 40 Geo. III. c. 96, Ir. s. 5. Digging any grave, &c. in order to compel any one to assist in any unlawful combination, or to deter any one from giving evidence, or to prevent the collection of any lawful rates or taxes, felony; 27 Geo. III. c. 15, s. 8; 5 Vic. sess. 2, c. 28, ss. 7, 19. Making use of any force, or inflicting any bodily pain or punishment, or destroying, or threatening to destroy, the property of any one in order to induce any person to enter into any unlawful combination, felony; 27 Geo. III. c. 15, s. 8; 5 Vic. sess. 2, c. 28, ss. 7, 19. Aiding, abetting, or assisting in any of the aforesaid offences, against the 8th sec. of the 27 Geo. III. c. 15, felony; 27 Geo. III. c. 15, s. 8; 5 Vic. sess. 2, e. 28, ss. 7, 19. Writing, posting, publishing, or delivering any notice, letter, or message, exciting, or tending to excite, any riot, &c. felony; 27 Geo. III. c. 15, Ir., s. 9; 5 Vic. sess. 2, c. 28, ss. 7, 19. Forcibly seizing any arms or ammunition, &c. or levying any contribution in money or goods, or causing any person unwillingly to deliver any arms, &c. felony; 27 Geo. III. c. 15, Ir., s. 10; 5 Vic. sess. 28, s. 8. Knowingly supplying horses, arms, &c. for the purpose of assisting in the execution of any of the offences in this act mentioned, felony; id. Any persons rising or assembling as described in 15 & 16 Geo. III. c. 21, a misdemeanor; 1 & 2 Will. IV. c. 44, s. 2. Knowingly printing, writing, posting, publishing, &c. any notice, letter, or message, exciting, or tending to excite, any riot, &c. or threatening any violence, &c. demanding any money, arms, or weapons, or directing any person to do or not to do any act, or to quit the service or employment of any person, or to set or to give out any land, misdemeanor ; 1 & 2 Will. IV. c. 44, s. 3. By force or violence breaking open any gaol, &c. with an intention to rescue and enlarge oneself, or any other prisoner therein confined, misdemeanor; id. s. 4.

WILL, Stealing, obliterating, concealing, &c. felony; 24 & 25 Vic. c. 96, s. 29. Forging, felony; id. c. 98, s. 20. Demanding money on forged will, or on probate or letters of administration knowing the will to have been forged, &c. felony; id. s. 38.

WITNESS. See INDEX, and the provisions relating to witnesses generally under the 14 & 15 Vic. c. 93, commencing with s. 13, and 16 & 17 Vic. c. 83, which makes husbands and wives of parties admissable witnesses; see ante, p. Power to enforce

(g) The 5th section of this statute is repealed by 24 & 25 Vic. c. 95.