instructions printed at the bottom of the illustrative example. These instructions are very important, however, and must be not only read but studied carefully. 154. Column 19. Occupation.-This question applies to every person 10 years of age and over who is at work, that is, occupied in gainful labor, and calls for the profession, trade, or branch of work upon which each person depends chiefly for support, or in which he is engaged ordinarily during the larger part of the time. (See paragraph 223.) 155. This is a most important question. In reporting occupations avoid the use of general or indefinite terms which do not indicate the kind of work done. You need not give a person's occupation just as he expresses it. If he can not tell intelligibly what he is, find out what he does, and describe his occupation accordingly. Endeavor to ascertain always the kind of work done, and so state it. 156. Indicate in every case the kind of work done or character of service rendered. Do not state merely the article made or worked upon, or the place where the work is done. For example, the reply "carriage builder," or "works in carriage factory," is unsatisfactory, because men of different trades, such as blacksmiths, joiners, wheelwrights, painters, upholsterers, work together in building carriages. Such an answer, therefore, does not show what kind of work the person performs. 157. Return every person according to his own occupation, not that of his employer. For example, describe a blacksmith employed by a manufacturer of carriages as a carriage blacksmith and not as a carriage builder, or a cooper employed by a brewery as a cooper and not a brewer, etc. 158. If a person has two occupations, enter the more important one, that is, the one from which he gets 159. Sometimes you will find a person engaged in one occupation, but claiming a different one. This will be common in certain resorts for invalids. Such persons often take up for the time occupations different from those followed at home. For example, you may find a clergyman canvassing for books or a physician herding cattle. In such a case ask from which occupation the person gets the more money or to which he gives more time during the year. 38 160. If a married woman has a gainful occupation, return the occupation accordingly, whether she does the work at her home or goes regularly to a place of employment, and whether she is regularly or only occasionally so employed. For example, "milliner," "dressmaker," "nurse," etc. 161. In farming sections, where a farm is found that is under the management or supervision of a woman as owner or tenant, return the occupation of such woman as "farmer" in all cases. 162. Report a student who supports himself by some occupation according to the occupation, if more time is given to that, but as a student, if more time is given to study. Thus report a student who does stenographic work as a student unless more of his time is spent in stenography. Report a salesman in a grocery store, who attends a night school as "salesman, groceries," because most of his day is spent in the store. (See paragraph 219.) 163. Many a person who does not follow any occupation still has an income. In that case indicate the source of the income. Report a person whose income comes from the rent of lands or buildings as “landlord." Report a person who receives his income, or most of it, from money loaned at interest, or from stocks, bonds, or other securities, as a "capitalist." 164. Abbreviations.-The space in column 19 is somewhat narrow, and it may be necessary to use the following abbreviations (but no others): the character of the service rendered or kind of work done by each and every person engaged in gainful labor. Agricultural Pursuits 166. Do not confuse a farmer with a farm laborer. If a person works on a farm for a stated wage (in money or its equivalent), even though he may be a 167. Do not confuse a day laborer at work for the city, 168. Distinguish between a woodchopper at work regularly in the woods or forests and an ordinary laborer who takes a job occasionally at chopping wood. 169. Distinguish between a farmer or a planter who owns, hires, or carries on a farm or plantation, and a gardener, fruit grower, nurseryman, florist, or vine grower, etc., who is engaged in raising vegetables for market or in the cultivation of fruit, flowers, seeds, nursery products, etc. 170. Avoid the confusion of the garden laborer, nursery laborer, etc., who hires out his services, with the proprietor gardener, florist, nurseryman, etc., who carries on the business himself or employs others to assist him. 171. Return as a dairyman or dairywoman any person whose occupation in connection with the farm has to do chiefly with the dairy. Do not confuse such a person with an employee of a butter and cheese or condensed milk factory, who should be separately returned by some distinctive term. 172. Return a stock herder or stock drover separately from a stock raiser. 173. Do not include a lumberman, raftsman, log driver, etc., engaged in hauling or transporting lumber (generally by water) from the forest to the mill with an employee of a lumber yard or a lumber mill. Measuring America 174. For a fisherman or oysterman describe the occupation as accurately as possible. Be careful to avoid the return of a fisherman on a vessel as a sailor. If he gains his living by fishing, he should be returned as a "fisherman," and not as a sailor. Mining and Quarrying 175. Make a careful distinction between a coal miner and a miner of ores; also between a miner and a quarryman. State the kind of ore mined or stone quarried. 176. Do not return a proprietor or official of a mining or quarrying company as a miner or quarryman, but state his business or official position accurately. Professional Pursuits 177. Specify each profession in detail, according to the fact, as follows: actor, artist or teacher of art, clergyman, dentist, designer, draftsman, engraver, civil engineer or surveyor, mechanical or mining engineer, government clerk or official, journalist, lawyer, librarian, musician or teacher of music, physician, surgeon, professor (in college or university), teacher (in school), or other pursuits of a professional nature. 178. Distinguish between an actor, a theatrical manager, and a showman. 179. Return a government official, in the service of the national, state, county, city, or town government, by the title of his office, if that is the occupation upon which he depends chiefly for a livelihood; otherwise by his usual trade or profession. 180. Distinguish between a government clerk occupying a position under the national, state, county, city, or town government and a clerk in an office, store, manufacturing establishment, etc. 181. Return a veterinary surgeon separately from another surgeon. 182. Distinguish a journalist editor, or reporter from an author or other literary person who does not follow journalism as a distinct profession. 183. Return a chemist, assayer, metallurgist, or other scientific person by his distinctive title. Domestic and Personal Service 184. Specify each occupation or kind of service rendered in detail, according to the fact, as hotel keeper, boarding-house keeper, restaurant keeper, saloon keeper, or bartender; housekeeper, cook, or servant (in hotel, boarding-house, hospital, institution, private family, etc.); barber or hairdresser; janitor, such, and should not be described simply as a 194. Distinguish carefully between a bank clerk in bank, cashier in bank, or bank official, describing the particular position filled in each case. In no case should a bank cashier be confounded with a cashier in a store, etc. 195. Distinguish between a foreman and overseer, a packer and shipper, a porter and helper, and an errand, office, and messenger boy in a store, etc., and state in each case the character of the duties performed by him, as foreman-wholesale wool; packer-crockery; porter-rubber goods; errand boy-dry goods; messenger boy-telegraph. 196. State the kind of merchant or dealer, as dry goods merchant, wood and coal dealer, etc. Whenever a single word will express the business carried on, as grocer, it should be used. 197. In the case of a huckster or peddler also state the kind of goods sold, as peddler-tinware. 198. Distinguish a traveling salesman from a salesman in a store, return the former as a "commercial traveler," and state the kind of goods sold by him. 199. Return a boarding or livery stable keeper separately from a hostler or other stable employee. 200. Distinguish also between an expressman, teamster, drayman, and carriage and hack driver. 201. A steam railroad employee should be reported according to the nature of his work, as baggageman, brakeman, conductor, railroad laborer, locomotive engineer, locomotive fireman, switchman, yardman, etc. 202. An official of a railroad, telegraph, express, or other company should be returned by his title and carefully distinguished from an employee of such company. 203. Return a boatman, canalman, pilot, longshoreman, stevedore, or sailor (on a steam or sailing vessel) according to his distinctive occupation. 204. A telegraph operator, telephone operator, telegraph lineman, telephone lineman, electric-light man, etc.. should be reported according to the nature of the work performed. Manufacturing and Mechanical Pursuits 205. In reporting this class of occupations there are many difficulties in the way of showing the kind of work done rather than the article made or the place worked in. The nature of certain occupations is Measuring America descriptive terms without the use of some expression relating to the article made or place in which the work is carried on. 206. Do not accept "maker" of an article or "works in" mill, shop, or factory, but strive always to find out the particular work done. 207. Do not use the words "factory operative," but 208. Avoid in all cases the use of the word "mechanic," and state whether a carpenter, mason, house painter, machinist, plumber, etc. 209. Do not say "finisher," "molder," "polisher," etc., but describe the work done as brass finisher, iron molder, steel polisher, etc. 210. Distinguish between a person who tends machines and the unskilled workman or laborer in mills, factories, and workshops. 211. Describe the proprietor of the establishment as a "manufacturer," and specify the branch of manufacture, as cotton manufacturer, etc. In no case should a manufacturer be returned as a "maker" of any article. 212. In the case of an apprentice, state the trade to which apprenticed, as Apprentice-carpenter, etc. 213. Distinguish between a butcher, whose business is to slaughter cattle, swine, etc., and a provision dealer, who sells meats. 214. Distinguish also between a glover, hatter, or furrier who actually makes in his own establishment all or part of the gloves, hats, or furs which he sells, and a person who simply deals in but does not make these articles. 215. Do not describe a person in a printing office as a "printer" where a more expressive term can be used, as compositer, pressman, press feeder, etc. 216. Make the proper distinction between a clock or watch "maker" and a clock or watch "repairer." Do not apply the word "jeweler" to those who make watches, watch chains, or jewelry in large establishments. 217. Distinguish between a cloakmaker, dressmaker, seamstress, tailoress, etc. In the case of a sewingmachine operator, specify the kind of work done. Nongainful Pursuits 218. If a person is attending school write "at school." No entry in column 19 should be made, however, for a lawyer, merchant, manufacturer, etc., who has Measuring America daughter living at home and assisting only in the household duties without pay (see paragraph 185); nor for a person too old to work, or a child under 10 years of age not at school. 219. The doing of domestic errands or family chores out of school hours, where a child regularly attends school, is not an occupation. But if a boy or girl, above 10 years of age, is earning money regularly by labor, contributing to the family support, or appreciably assisting in mechanical or agricultural industry, the kind of work performed should be stated. (See paragraph 162.) 220. In the case of an inmate of an institution or home, such as a hospital, asylum, home for the aged, soldiers' home, penitentiary, jail, etc., no entry is required in column 19 unless the inmate is actually engaged in remunerative work for which he receives a stated wage in addition to his board. The occupation of an officer or regular employee of such institution or home, however, is to be entered in this column, the same as for all other persons having a gainful occupation. 221. Column 20.-Months not employed. The object of this question is to get the number of months (or parts of months) in the census year (June 1, 1899, to May 31, 1900) during which each person having a gainful occupation was not employed. For those who have no gainful occupation, leave the column blank. 222. The law does not contemplate that this question shall apply solely to the principal occupation in which the person may have been engaged during the year, but it is the intent to find out the number of months (or parts of months) during which a person ordinarily engaged in gainful labor was not employed at all. 223. A return is required in columns 19 and 20 for each and every person 10 years of age and over who was engaged in gainful labor during any part of the census year (June 1, 1899, to May 31, 1900, inclusive), or who is ordinarily occupied in remunerative work but during the census year was unable to secure work of any kind. In the latter case enter his customary occupation, as carpenter, bricklayer, etc., in column 19 and the figure "12" in column 20 to show that, although he had an occupation or trade, he was not employed at all during the year at that or any other kind of work. EDUCATION 224. Column 21.-Attended school (in months). For all persons attending school during the year ending June 1, 1900, enter the number of months (or parts 41 person of school age did not attend school at all during the year, write "0." For all other persons to whom the inquiry is not applicable, leave the column blank. 225. Column 22. Can read.-Write "Yes" for all persons 10 years of age and over who can read any language, and "No" for all other person of that age who can not read in any language. For persons under 10 years, leave the column blank. 226. Column 23. Can write.-Write "Yes" for all persons 10 years of age and over who can write any language, and "No" for all other person of that age who can not write in any language. For persons under 10 years, leave the column blank. 227. The inquiries in columns 22 and 23 are intended to show the literacy of all persons 10 years of age and over, and should be answered according as they are able to read or write the language ordinarily spoken by them. 228. Column 24. Can speak English.-Write "Yes" for all persons 10 years of age and over who can speak English, and "No" for all other persons of that age who can not speak English. For persons under 10 years, leave the column blank. OWNERSHIP OF HOME 229. Fill columns 25, 26, and 27 for each head of family only; for every other person, leave the columns blank. 230. Column 25.-If the home is owned, write "O." If it is rented, write "R." 231. Column 26.-If the home is rented, leave the column blank. If it is owned and mortgaged, write "M." If it is owned free from mortgage encumbrance, write "F." 232. Column 27.-If the home is a farm, write "F." If it is only a house, write "H." 233. Column 28.-If the home is only a house, leave the column blank. If the home is a farm, write the number of its farm schedule; that is, the farm number as reported on Schedule No. 2, relating to agriculture. Enter the number of each farm schedule on the line for the member of the family by whom the farm is operated. (See paragraph 246.) 234. Definition of home. By the word "home" in the census is meant any place of abode inhabited by any person or persons, whether it is a house, a tent, a boat, or whatever it may be. If any such place of abode is inhabited by more than one family, it is the 42 counted as two or more homes instead of one. The family is the basis for all inquiries in columns 25, 26, and 27. 235. A home occupied by a family engaged in farming, gardening, or any other form of agricultural production includes the land cultivated. If occupied by a family not so engaged, it includes only the dwelling and the ground occupied by it, with the appurtenances thereto. 236. 238. In case a family resides in a tent or boat, write in 237. If a family cultivates a farm, but resides in a house 239. In case of a farm part of which is owned and part 240. Following the same general rule, if a family occu- 241. If, of two families occupying the same house, one has an interest in it, and the other not, the home occupied by the former is to be returned as "owned" but that occupied by the other as "rented." Measuring America |