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B. C.

1183 Fall of Troy.

1082 Era of the Great Pyramid.

878 Carthage founded.

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1830 Revolution in France, Orleanist succession.

1664 The great plague of London. 1666 The great fire of London began Sept.2. 1679 Habeas Corpus Act passed in Eng- 1832 S. Carolina Nullification Ordinance. land. 1835 Morse invented the telegraph. 1682 Pennsylvania settled by William Penn 1835 Seminole War in Florida began. 588 Jerusalem taken by Nebuchadnezzar. 1685 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 1837 Accession of Queen Victoria, June 20 536 Restoration of the Jews under Cyrus.)

776 Olympic Era began. 753 Foundation of Rome.

mopyla.

Oct. 22.

1845 Texas annexed.

1846 Sewing machine completed by Elias Howe.

509 Expulsion of Tarquins from Rome. 1688 James II. abdicated, Dec. 11. 480 Xerxes defeated Greeks at Ther-1690 Battle of the Boyne, July 1. 1690 First newspaper in America; at 1846 The Irish Potato Famine. Boston. 1846 British Corn laws repealed, June 26. 1704 Gibraltar was taken by the English. 1846 War with Mexico began. 1713 Peace of Utrecht, April 11.

55 Cæsar conquered Britain.

4 Birth of Jesus Christ.

A. D.

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1066 Battle of Hastings. Norman Conquest 1096 The Crusades began.

1848 French Revolution. Republic susceeded.

Great 1848 Gold discovered in California, Sept. 1851 Gold discovered in Australia, Feb. 12 1851 First International Exhibit'n, London 1852 Louis Napoleon became Emperor,

1745 Second Jacobite Rebellion in Great
Britain.

1756 Black Hole Suffocation in Calcutta. 1172 Ireland was conquered by Henry II. 1757 Clive won Battle of Plassey in India. 1215 King John granted Magna Charta, 1759 Canada was taken from the French.

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Dec. 2.

1853 Crimean War began.

1857 The Great Mutiny in India.
1857 The Dred Scott decision.

1859 John Brown's raid into Virginia.
1860 South Carolina seceded, Dec. 20.
1861 Emancipation of the Russian serfs.
1863 Lincoln's Emancipation Proclama-
tion, Jan. 1.

1863 Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3.
1865 Lee surrendered

at Appomattox, Lincoln assassinated,

1775 Battle of Lexington, April 19.
1775 Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17.
1776 Declaration of Independence, July 4. April 9.
1777 Burgoyne's surrender, Oct. 17. 1865 President
1779 Capt. Cook was killed, Feb. 14.
April 14.
Cornwallis' surrender at Yorktown, 1866 Battle of Sadowa.
Oct. 19.
Austria.

Prussia beat

1492 Columbus discovered America, Oct.12 1788 First settlement in Australia, Jan. 26. 1867 Emperor Maximilian of Mexico ex1517 The Reformation began in Germany. 1789 The French Revolution began July 14 ecuted.

Sept. 1.

1519 Cortez began the conquest of Mexico. 1789 Washington first inaug'ted President 1867 The Dominion of Canada established 1535 The first English Bible printed. 1793 Cotton-gin invented by Whitney. 1870 Franco-German War began, July 19. 1539 Monasteries were closed in England. 1793 Louis XVI. of France executed, Jan.21 1870 Capitulation of French at Sedan, 1558 Accession of Queen Elizabeth, Nov.17 1796 Vaccination discovered by Jenner. 1565 Revolt of the Netherlands began. 1798 The Irish Rebellion. 1572 The St. Bartholomew Massacre, Aug.24 1799 Battle of Seringa patam; 1588 The Spanish Armada defeated, July. 1600 East India Company first chartered. 1799 1603 Union of England and Scotland,

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1870 Rome became the capital of Italy. death of 1871 The German Empire re-established. 1871 The Irish Church was disestablished. Consul, 1871 The great fire in Chicago, Oct. 8-11. 1872 The great fire in Boston, Nov. 9. Ireland, 1876 Centennial Exposit'n at Philadelphia 1881 President Garfield shot. 1803 Louisiana purchased from the French 1882 British occupation of Egypt. 1804 Bonaparte became Emperor of France 1889 Brazil became a Republic. 1805 Battle of Trafalgar; death of Nelson. 1889 Johnstown, l'a., flood, May 31. 1807 Fulton's first steamboat voyage. 1893 World's Columbian Exposition at 1812 Second war with Great Britain. 1812 The French expedition to Moscow.

Jan. 1.

1634 Maryland settled by Roman Catholics 1813 Perry's victory on Lake Erie, Sept.10. 1636 Rhode Island settled by

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1815 Battle of Waterloo, June 18. 1819 First steamship crossed the Atlantic. 1653 Oliver Cromwell became Lord Pro- 1820 Missouri Compromise adopted. 1823 Monroe Doctrine declared, Dec. 2. 1828 First passenger railroad in United States.

tector.

1660 Restoration of the Stuarts,

1664 New York conquered from the Dutch.]

1901 Assassination of President McKinley

The French Revolutionary Era.

IN September, 1793, the convention decreed that the common era should be abolished in all civil affairs, and that the new French era should begin on September 22, 1792, the day of the true autumnal equinox, and that each succeeding year should begin at the midnight of the day on which the true autumnal equinox falls. The year was divided into twelve months of thirty days each. In ordinary years there were five extra days, from the 17th to the 21st of our September, and at the end of every fourth year was a sixth complimentary day. This reckoning was first used on November 22, 1793, and was continued until December 31, 1805, when it was discontinued, and the Gregorian calendar, used throughout the rest of Europe, was resumed. The following were the dates for the year 1804, the last complete year of this style of reckoning:

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The months were divided into three decades of ten days each, but to make up the 365 five were added at the end of September: Primidi, dedicated to Virtue; Duodi, to Genius; Tridi, to Labor; Quartidi, to Opinion, and Quintidi, to Rewards. To Leap Year, called Olympic, a sixth day, September 22 or 23, Sextidi," the day of the Revolution," was added.

To each tenth day, thirty-six in all, were assigned thirty-six "Fetes Decadaires," decreed by the National Convention on the eighteenth Prairial, in honor of the Supreme Being and Nature, the Human Race, the French People, Benefactors of Humanity, Martyrs for Liberty, Liberty and Equality, the Republic, Liberty of the World, Love of Country, Hatred of Tyrants and Traitors, Truth, Justice, Modesty, Glory and Immortality, Friendship, Frugality, Courage, Good Faith, Heroism, Disinterestedness, Stoicism, Love, Conjugal Fidelity, Paternal Love, Maternal Tenderness, Filial Piety, Infancy, Childhood, Manhood, Old Age, Sickness, Agriculture, Industry, Our Ancestors, Our Posterity, Goodness.

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DATES OF HISTORICAL EVENTS CUSTOMARILY OR OCCASIONALLY OBSERVED.

1. Emancipation Proclamation by Lincoln,

July 1. Dominion Day in Canada. July 1-3. Battle of Gettysburg, 1863.

July

3. Cervera's fleet was destroyed off Santiago, 1898.

Jan.

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July

Jan.

19. Robert E. Lee born, 1807.

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27. German Emperor born, 1859.

July

21. Battle of Bull Run, 1861.

Jan.
Feb. 12. Abraham Lincoln born, 1809.
Feb.
15. Battle-ship Maine blown up, 1898.
Feb. 22. George Washington born, 1732.
Feb.22-23. Battle of Buena Vista, 1847.
March 5. Boston Massacre, 1770.
March 15. Andrew Jackson born, 1767.
March 18. Grover Cleveland born, 1837.
April 1. Bismarck born, 1815.

April 19. Primrose Day in England, Lord Beaconsfield died, 1881.

4. Declaration of Independence, 1776. July 14. The Bastile was destroyed, 1789.

Aug. 13. Manila surrendered to the Americans,

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April 9. Lee surrendered at Appomattox, 1865.
April 12. Fort Sumter fired upon, 1861.
April 12. Henry Clay born, 1777.

Sep.

April 13. Thomas Jefferson born, 1743. April 14. Lincoln assassinated, 1865.

Sep.

Sep.

April 19. Battles of Lexington and Concord, 1775.
April 23. Shakespeare born, 1564.
April 27. Gen. U. S. Grant born, 1822.
April 30. Washington was inaugurated first Presi-
dent, 1789.

Sep.

Oct.

Oct. Oct.

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12. Columbus discovered America, 1492.
17. Burgoyne surrendered at Saratoga, 1777.
19. Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown,
1781.

5. Guy Fawkes Day in England. The Gun-
powder Plot discovered, 1604.

9. King Edward VII. born, 1841.
9. Great fire of Boston, 1872.

10. Martin Luther born, 1483.

Nov. 25. British evacuated New York, 1783.
2. Battle of Austerlitz, 1805.
14. Washington died, 1799.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec. 16. Boston Tea Party," 1773.

Dec.

16. The great fire in New York, 1835. Dec. 22. Mayflower pilgrims landed at Plymouth

Rock, 1620

Dec.25-26. Battle of Trenton, N. J., 1776.
Dec.

29. William Ewart Gladstone born, 1809.

Ready-Reference Calendar.—1.

For ascertaining the Day of the Week for any given Time from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Year 2200.

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DIRECTIONS.-1. In the Table of Centuries find the first two figures of the year desired, and in the Table of Years find the last two figures of that year. The letter at the intersection of the columns of the two tables is the Year Letter. 2. Under the Year Letter in the Table of Months find the Key Figure opposite the month desired. 3. The day of the week desired can then be found in the Table of Days at the intersection of the columns of the Key Figure and the day of the month.*

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17 18 19 20

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*EXAMPLE.-To find the day of the week on which July 4, 1902, falls: Find 19 in the Table of Centuries and 02 in the Table of Years. The Year Letter at the intersection of their columns is B. In the Table of Months the key figure at the intersection of the B and July columns is 3. In the Table of Days the day of the week at the intersection of the key figure (3) and day of the month (4th) columns is Friday, which gives the information desired.

LEAP YEARS. -For Leap Years use January and February at the top of the Table of Months opposite the words "Leap Year." In the Table of Years leap years are underlined. Years ending in 00 in Old Style dates are leap years; in New Style dates only when the Year Letter is F.

Ready-Reference Calendar.-2.

For ascertaining any Day of the Week for any given Time within Two Hundred Years from the introduction of the New Style, 1753, to 1952 inclusive.

YEARS 1753 TO 1952.

1753g 1781g 1800e 1828q 1856q 1884q 1900g 1928h 1754d 1782d 1801a 1829a 1857a 1885a 1901d 1929d

1755e 1783e 1802b 1830b 1858b 1886b 1902e 1930e
1756p 1784p 1803c 1831c 1859c 1887c 1903a 1931a

1757c 1785c 1804h 1832h 1860h 1888h 1904k 1932k
1805d 1833d 1861d 1889d 1905f 1933f
1758f 1786f
1759g 1787g 1806e 1834e 1862e 1890e 1906g 1934g
1760q 1788q 1807a 1835a 1863a 1891a 1907d 1935d

1761a 1789a 1808k 1836k 1864k 1892k 19081 19361
1762b 1790b 1809f 1837f 1865f 1893f 1909b 1937b

1763c 1791c 1810g 1838g 1866g 1894g 1910c 1938c
1764h 1792h 1811d 1839d 18678 1895d 1911f 1939f
1765d 1793d 18121
1766e 1794e 1813b
1767a 1795a 1814c
1768k 1796k 1815f

18401 18681 18961 1912m 1940m
1841b 1869b 1897b 1913e 1941e

1842c 1870c 1898c
1843f 1871f 1899f

1769f 1797f 1816m 1844m 1872m
1770g 1798g 1817e 1845e 1873e

1914a 1942a
1915b 1943b

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1916n 1944n
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Thursday

2 Friday
3 Saturday
4 SUNDAY

7 Wednesday

8 Wednesday 8 Thursday

1 Friday
2Saturday

4 Monday
5 Tuesday

wednesd. 10 Thursday 10 Friday
Tuesday 9 Wednesday 9 Thursday 9 Friday 9 Saturday

9 10 Tuesday 10 11 Wednesd 11

12 Wednesd. 12 Thursday 12

13

14 Saturday 14 15 SUNDAY 15

16

17

table of Days. For ex-
ample: To know on what
10 Saturday 10 SUNDAY
day July 4, 1902, will Thursday 11 Friday 11 Saturday 11 SUNDAY 11 Monday
Friday 12 Saturday 12SUNDAY 12 Monday 1:Tuesday
fall look for 1902 in the Saturday 13 SUNDAY 13 Monday 13 Tuesday 13 Wednesd 13 Thursday 13 Friday
SUNDAY 14 Monday 14 Tuesday 14 Wednesd. 14 Thursday 14 Friday
table of Years. The let-Monday 15 Tuesday 15 Wednesd. 15 Thursday 15 Friday 15 Saturday
ter 'e' is attached. Look wednesd. 17 Thursday 17 Friday
Tuesday 16 Wednesd. 16 Thursday 16 Friday 16 Saturday 16 SUNDAY 16 Monday
17 Saturday 17 SUNDAY 17 Monday 17 Tuesday
for the same letter in the Thursday 18 Friday 18 Saturday 18 SUNDAY 18 Monday 18 Tuesday 18 Wednesd. 18
Friday 19 Saturday 19 SUNDAY 19 Monday 19 Tuesday 19 Wednesd. 19 Thursday 19
table of Months and in a Saturday 20 SUNDAY 20 Monday 20 Tuesday 20 Wednesd 20 Thursday 20 Friday
SUNDAY 21 Monday 21 Tuesday 21 Wednesd. 21 Thursday 21 Friday 21 Saturday 21
parallel line under July is Monday 22 Tuesday 22 Wednesd. 22 Thursday 22 Friday 22 Saturday 22 SUNDAY 22
23 SUNDAY 23 Monday 23
24 Saturday 24 SUNDAY 24 Monday 24 Tuesday 24
Thursday 25 Friday 25 Saturday 25 SUNDAY 25 Monday 25 Tuesday 25 Wednesd. 25
Friday 26 Saturday 26 SUNDAY 26 Monday 26 Tuesday 26 Wednesd 26 Thursday 26
Saturday 27 SUNDAY 27 Monday 27 Tuesday 27 Wednesd. 27 Thursday 27 Friday
SUNDAY 28 Monday 28 Tuesday 28 Wednesd. 28 Thursday 28 Friday
Monday
28 Saturday 28
29 Tuesday 29 Wednesd. 29 Thursday 29 Friday 29 Saturday 29 SUNDAY 29
Wednesd. 31 Thursday 31 Friday
Tuesday 30 Wednesd. 30 Thursday 30 Friday 30 Saturday 30 SUNDAY 30 Monday
31 Saturday 31 SUNDAY 31 Monday 31 Tuesday

the figure 2, which di-Wednesd. 24 Thursday 24 Friday
Tuesday 23 Wednesd. 23 Thursday 23 Friday 23 Saturday

rects to column 2 in the table of Days below, in

which it will be seen that July 4 falls on Friday.

20

27

30

31

TABLE OF DAYS.

3

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1 Wednesday

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8 SUNDAY

3 Monday

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4 Tuesday

4 Wednesday 4

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5 Wednesday 5 Thursday

5

6 Tuesday

6 Wednesday 6 Thursday

6 Friday

6

Thursday 8 Friday

7 Friday

7 Saturday

7

8 Saturday

8 SUNDAY 8

9 SUNDAY

9 Monday

10 Monday

11 Tuesday

Ritualistic Calendar.

COLORS FOR THE ALTAR IN USE IN RITUALISTIC EPISCOPAL CHURCHES IN THE UNITED STATES. White.-From the First Service (First Vespers) of Christmas Day to the Octave of Epiphany, inclusive (except on the Feasts of Martyrs); on Maundy Thursday (for the celebration); from the First Service of Easter Day to the Vigil of Pentecost (except on Feasts of Martyrs and Rogation Days); on Trinity Sunday, Conversion of St. Paul, Purification, Annunciation, St. John Baptist, St. Michael, St. Luke, All Saints, Saints who are not Martyrs, and Patron Saints (Transfiguration and Dedication of Church)

Red. -From First Vespers of Pentecost to the First Vespers of Trinity Sunday (which includes Ember Days), Holy Innocents (if on a Sunday), and Feasts of all Martyrs. Violet. From Septuagesima to Maundy Thursday (Easter Eve); Advent Sunday to Christmas Eve; Vigils, Ember Days (except in Whitsun Week), and Rogation Days; Holy Innocents (unless on Sunday). Black. -Good Friday and at funerals. Green. -All other days. These regulations as to colors are general. A more minute code changing with each year is published in the church almanacs.

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The year 5662 is an embolismic imperfect year of 883 days, and the year 5663 is an ordinary perfect year of 355 days.

Mohammedan Calendar, 1902.

66

10 Fast of Tebet

Sebat 12 Adar

1 New Moon..

1

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