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Law and equity, cases of, 186,
189, 192, 216, 300.
Law and fact, jurisdiction of the
Supreme Court as to, 224, 226,
300, 304.

Law of the land, 233.
Law of nations, offences against,
119, 294.

303. Of speech, 255, 261, 303.
Of the press, 255, 261, 303;
restricted in foreign countries,
262; loose reasoning on it, 263.
Of speech and debate, under the
Confederation, 281.
Licensing the press, 263.
Licentiousness of the press, 264.
Life or limb, second trials for, 230,
232, 304.

Laws, for new countries, 21.
Inefficacy of, under the Con-
federation, 30. Mode of pas-Literary institutions, Washington
sing, in Congress, 96, 293. on, 317.

Power of Congress to make nec-Loyalists, articles respecting, in
essary and proper, 131, 295. the treaty of 1783, 327.

138.

M.

Ex post facto, by Congress, 144, Louisiana, acquisition of, 108,
295; by the States, 146, 150,
296. Impairing the obligation
of contracts, 146, 150, 248,
296, 302. Uniformity in inter-
preting, 181. Duty of the Pres-
ident respecting the faithful ex-||
ecution of the, 177, 299. Ju-
risdiction in cases under the
United States', 186, 188, 190,
216, 221, 223, 300. Suprema-
cy of the Constitution, treaties,
and, 249, 302. Washington,
on oppositions to the, 313.
Common, Congress, and Ju-
diciary.

Mably, Abbé, on neighboring
states, 38.

Magazines, 129, 295. Reservation
respecting, 130.

See

Legal tender in payment of debts,
146, 149, 296.
Legislation in ceded places, 129,||
130, 295.

Legislative powers under the colo-
nial governments, 17-19. Un-
der the Confederation and Con-
stitution, 47, 49, 289. Advan-
tages of the division of, in Con-
gress, 49.
Legislature, see Congress, Repre-
sentatives, and Senate.
Letters of marque and reprisal,
120, 121, 294. By the States,
unconstitutional, 146, 296.
Levies for the Revolutionary ar-
my, 122.

Liberty, on securing the blessings
of, 45, 289. Of speech and de-
bate in Congress, 93, 94, 292.
Religious, 252, 253, 255, 259,

Magna Charta, 20. Valuable pro-
visions in the, 257.
Mail routes, 117, 294.
Maritime jurisdiction, power of the
Judiciary in cases of admiralty
and, 186, 187, 194, 196, 221,
223, 300.
Marque, letters of, and reprisal,
120, 121, 294. By the States,
unconstitutional, 146, 296.
Maryland, settled, 16. Proprietary
government of, 18. Accedes to
the Confederation, 28. Com-
missioners appointed by, in
1785, 33. Adopts the Consti-
tution, 35.

Massachusetts, settled, 16. Union
of, with Plymouth, 16. Charter
government of, 19. Recom-
mends a Continental Congress,
26. Adopts the Constitution,
35.

Maximilian, institution of the im-

perial chamber by, 200.
Measures and weights, power of

Congress as to, 116, 294.
Meetings of Congress, 90, 291.
Migration and importation of
slaves, 142, 295.

ryland and Virginia, meet at
Alexandria, 33. Meeting of, at
Annapolis, 33.

Commissions from the President,
176, 178, 299. See Appoint-

ments.

Committee of the States, under the
Confederation, 285.
Common defence, provision for,

42, 101, 141, 289, 293.
Common law, of England, intro-
duced into the Colonies, 20.
Conservative principle in the,
20. Its effects in the Colonies,
22. Cases at, under the Consti-
tution, 189. See Law,and Laws.
Common socage, 16.
Compacts, see Alliances.
Compensation, of members of Con-

gress, 93, 292. Of the Presi-
dent, 168, 298. Of the judges
of the Supreme Court, 181, 185,
300. For private property taken
for public use, 233, 304.
Confederation, history of the, 28.
Delays and objections to the,
28. Final adoption of the, 28.
Defects in the, 29. Powers and
weakness of the, 29. Gave to
Congress no coercive authority,
30; nor penal sanction to their
enactments, 30; nor power to
lay taxes, or to collect revenue,
30, 102; nor to regulate com-
merce, 31. Prospective termi-
nation of the, 33. Convention
for revision of the Articles of,
34. Legislative power under the,
49. Voting in Congress under
the, 56, 68, 281. State of com-
merce under the, 108. Impoten-
cy of the, as to armies, 122.
Restricted the authority of Con-
gress to powers expressly grant-
ed, 132, 279. Want of an execu-
tive department in the, 159; of
judicial power, 180. Authority
under the, to determine differ-
ences between States, 200, 283.
Disregard of treaty stipulations
under the, 250. Articles of,

279. See Congress, Continental,
Confederation among States, un-
constitutional, 146, 296. See
Alliances.

Confessions, as evidence, 241.
Confiscation, in punishment for

treason, unconstitutional, 134,
135, 239, 301. In the States,
during the Revolution, 150.
Articles respecting, in the treaty
of peace, of 1783, 327, 328.-
Congress, Continental, first and
second meetings of the, 24, 26.
Declaration of Rights of the, in
1774, 24, 271. Voting in, 26,
68, 281. Organization of the,
27. Its powers and its weak-
ness, 27, 29, 30. Articles
of Confederation by the, 28,
279. Had no coercive author-
ity, 30; nor penal sanctions
for its enactments, 30. Could
not lay taxes or collect revenue,
for the public service, 30; nor
regulate commerce, 31. Report
laid before the, for a General
Convention, 33. Calls a Con-
vention for revision of the Arti-
cles of Confederation, 34. Puts
into operation the Federal Con-
stitution, 34. Adjournment of,
to Princeton, 129. Compelled
to violate the Confederation, in
order to preserve it, 132. Re-
presentation of the States in the,
280. Freedom of speech and
debate in the, 281. Sole and
exclusive rights and powers of
the, 283. See Confederation.
Congress, the first under the Con-
stitution, 34. Divided into two
branches, 49, 289. Impeachment
by, 62, 63, 76, 78, 85, 290,
291, 299. Elections for, 89, 90,
291, 292. Meetings of, 90, 291.
Powers and privileges of both
Houses of, 90, 292. Judgement
of elections by, 90, 91, 292.
Quorum of, 90, 91, 292. Absent
members compelled to attend,
90, 91, 292. Rules of, 91. Pun-

ishment and expulsion of mem-
bers of, 91, 292. Journals of,
to be kept, 92, 292. Yeas and
nays of, 92, 292. Adjournment
of, 92, 292. Contempts of, 93.
Compensation of members of,
93, 292. Their privilege from ar-
rest, 93, 292. Liberty of speech
and debate in, 93, 94, 292.
Disqualifications of members of,
94, 161, 162, 292, 297. Mode
of passing laws in, 96, 293.
Power of the President to neg-
ative the laws of, 98-100, 293.
Power of, to lay and collect tax-
es, 101,103,141,293. May bor-
row money, 107, 141, 294. May
regulate commerce, 108, 109,
141, 294; inquiries respecting
this power, 109. On trade with
Indian tribes, 108,109,113,294.
Power of, respecting naturaliza-
tion, 114, 294; bankruptcies,
114, 294; to coin money, regu-
late the value thereof, and fix the
standard of weights and meas-
ures, 116, 294; as to counter-
feiting, 116, 294; post offices
and post roads, 117, 294; pa-
tents and copy-rights, 118, 294;
to constitute tribunals inferior to
the Supreme Court, 119, 181,
218, 294, 299; to define, and
punish piracies and felonies,
committed on the high seas, and
offences against the law of na-
tions, 119, 294; to declare war,
120, 141, 294; grant letters of
marque and reprisal, 120, 121,
294; to make rules concerning
captures, 120, 122, 294; to
raise and support armies, 122,
123, 141, 294; to provide and
maintain a navy, 124, 141, 294;
to make rules for land and na-
val forces, 124, 294; to provide
for calling forth the militia, 125,
127, 294; for organizing and
disciplining the militia, 126,
294. Power of, over the Seat of
the Government, 128, 129, 295;

over ceded places for forts, mag-
azines, arsenals, dock-yards,
and other needful buildings,
128, 129, 295; to make all nec-
essary and proper laws for car-
rying their powers into effect,
131,295. Implied and inciden-
tal powers of, 131, 133, 141,
191. Power of, respecting trea-
son, 134, 239, 301; respecting
the faith and credit to be given
in each State to the public acts,
records, and judicial proceedings
of every other State, 135,301; as
to the admission of New States,
137, 140, 301, 336; respecting
the territory, or other property, of
the United States,138,301. Pro-
hibitions on the powers of, 141,
266, 305; respecting the slave-
trade, 142, 295; respecting the
writ of habeas corpus, 143, 295;
respecting bills of attainder, and
ex post facto laws, 144, 239,
295; respecting appropriations
before drawing money from the
treasury, 144, 295; as to creat-
ing titles of nobility, 145, 296.
Power of, respecting Electors,
166, 297. Provision by, for va-
cancy of the Presidency and
Vice-Presidency, 168, 298; for
appointment of inferior officers,
172, 174, 299. The President
to give information to, and re-
commend measures, 176, 299.
Power of the President to con-
vene and adjourn, 176, 299.
Authority given by, to the post-
master-general, to bring suits,
205. Restriction by, on appel-
late jurisdiction, 212–224, 226,
227, 300, 304. Power of, as to
designating places for trials, 228,
300; respecting amendments to
the Constitution, 246, 302.
Duty of courts, respecting un-
constitutional laws passed by,
251. Oaths to be taken by
members of, 251, 303. No
religious test required, 252, 253,

303. Amendments to the Con-
stitution, adopted by, 254, 303.
Shall make no law respecting
an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise
thereof, 255, 259, 303; or
abridging the freedom of speech,
or of the press, 255, 259, 261,
303; or the rights of the peo-
ple peaceably to assemble, and
to petition the government for a
redress of grievances, 255, 259,
264, 303. Recommendations
required to be made by the, ac-
cording to the treaty of 1783,
327, 328. See Commerce, Con-
gress, Continental, Impeach-
ments, Judiciary, Representa-
tives, Senators, and States.
Connecticut, settled, 16. Charter
government of, 19. Adopts the
Constitution, 35.
Conscience, rights of, 252, 253,
255, 259, 303.

Constitution of the United States

of America, 33, 289. Origin of
the, 33. Adoption of the, 34, 35,
303. Remarks on the framers of
the, 35, 247. Exposition of the,
36. Formed by the people, and
not by the States, 36. Remarks
on the interpretation of the, 36.
Final interpreter of the, 37. The
Preamble of the, and its exposi-
tion,37,289. Distribution of pow-
ers by the, 46, 289. Separation
of the legislative, the executive,
and the judicial, departments by
the, 47, 49. On the House of
Representatives, 49, 50, 289.
On the Senate and Senators, 49,
64, 67, 290. On impeachments,
62, 63, 76, 291, 298, 299. On
elections and meetings of Con-
gress, 89, 291. On the powers
and privileges of both Houses,
90, 292. On the mode of pas-
sing laws, 96, 293. On tax-
ation, 101, 141, 293. On
borrowing money, 107, 294.
On regulating commerce, 108,

109, 294. On trade with Indian
tribes, 108, 113, 294. On nat-
uralization, 114, 294. On bank-
ruptcy, 114, 294.
On coinage

of money, 115, 294. On post-
offices, and post roads, 117, 294.
On patents and copy-rights, 118,
294. On the punishment of
piracies and felonies, 119, 294.
On the declaration of war, 120,
141, 294. On the army, 122,
294.

On the navy, 124, 294.
As to militia, 125, 294. On the
Seat of the Government, and oth-
er ceded places, 128, 295. Gen-
eral power of Congress under
the, to make necessary and prop-
er laws,131,295. On the punish-
ment of treason, 134, 239, 301.
On State Records, 135, 301.
On the admission of New States,
137, 301. On the government
of Territories, 138, 301. Pro-
hibitions on the United States
by the, 142, 305; on the States
by the, 146, 296. On the struc-
ture, organization, and powers,
of the Executive department,
158, 296. On the powers and
duties of the President, 170, 298.
On the Judicial department,
179, 299. On the powers and
jurisdiction of the Judiciary,
186, 300, 304, 305. On trial
by jury, 228, 300. Definition
of treason by the, 239, 300. On
the privileges of citizens, 242,
301. On fugitive criminals and
slaves, 242, 243, 301. Guaran-
tee of republican government by
the, to the States, 244, 302.
Mode of making amendments to
the, 246, 302. Considered as
an experiment, 247, 267. On
public debt, 248, 302. Supre-
macy of Laws, treaties, and the,
249,302. On oath of office,251,
298, 303.
On religious tests,
252, 253, 303. Ratification of
the, 254, 303. Amendments to
the, 254, 303. Regarded as a

Proprietary governments, in the
American colonies, 17, 18. In-
troduction of the common law
into, 20.

Proroguing, by the King, and by
governors, 92.

Protecting domestic manufactures,

113.

Provincial Assemblies, 17. Disso-
lution of, by English governors,
92, 272.
Provincial governments, in the
American colonies, 17. Intro-
duction of the common law into
the, 20.
Provisional Articles of Peace, sign-

ed at Paris, in 1782, 324.
Public acts, records, and judicial
proceedings, the faith to be giv-
en to, 135, 301.
Public credit, Washington on, 317.
Public debts, see Debts.

Public lands, owned by the Crown,

29. Concessions of, by Virginia
and New York, 29. See Ceded
places.
Public ministers, appointment of,
172, 173, 299. To be received
by the President, 176, 299. Ju-
risdiction of the Judiciary over,
186, 192, 213, 221, 223, 300.
Public money, see Money.
Punishments, on the infliction of,
under the Confederation, 30. In
cases of impeachment, unpar-
donable, 88, 170, 171, 298. Of
members of Congress, 91, 292.
For counterfeiting securities and
current coin, 116, 294. Of pi-
racies, felonies, and offences
against the law of nations, 119,

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President and Vice-President,
167, 297, 306.
Quartering soldiers, 265, 303.
Quorum, in the Houses of Con-
gress, 90, 91, 292. In voting
for President and Vice-Presi-
dent, 162, 163, 297, 306.

R.

Ratifications of the Constitution,
254, 303.
Recaptures, 196.

Receipts of public money, account
of, to be published, 144, 145,
296.
Records and laws of States, admis-

sion and proof of, 135, 301.
Effect to be given to, 136.
Regulate commerce, power of
Congress to, 108, 109, 110,
141, 294. Meaning of the
words, 109. See Commerce.
Religion, freedom of, 252, 253,
255, 259, 303. Right of gov-
ernment to interfere in, 260.
Washington on the necessity of,
to political prosperity, 316.
Religious establishments, unconsti-
tutional, 255, 259, 303.
Religious tests, 252, 253, 259,
303.

Removals from office by the Pres-
ident, 174.
Representation, in Parliament,
24, 273. The principle of, 50,
57. The right of, 273. In the
Territory northwest of the river
Ohio, 332.

Representatives under the Colonial
Governments, 17, 19.
Representatives, House of, in Con-
gress, 49, 50, 289. Election of,
by the people, 50, 89, 289;
advantages of it, 50, 51. Quali-
fications of electors of, 50, 51,
289. Serve two years, 52, 289.
Knowledge and experience re-
quisite in, 52. Qualifications of,
54, 73, 289; as to age, 54, 73,
289; as to citizenship, 54, 55,
73, 290; as to inhabitancy, 54,

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