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ANNUAL CYCLOPÆDIA

AND

REGISTER OF
OF IMPORTANT EVENTS

OF THE YEAR

1891.

EMBRACING POLITICAL, MILITARY, AND ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS; PUBLIC
DOCUMENTS; BIOGRAPHY, STATISTICS, COMMERCE, FINANCE, LITERA-
TURE, SCIENCE, AGRICULTURE, AND MECHANICAL INDUSTRY.

NEW SERIES, VOL. XVI.

WHOLE SERIES, VOL. XXXI.

NEW YORK:

D. APPLETON AND COMPANY,

1, 3, AND 5 BOND STREET.

1892.

interest him not only in the regular literature articles, but in the special articles on Lowell, Lytton, and Melville, the discussion of "New Dictionaries," by Prof. March, and the description of Oahspe, the Spiritualist bible; and the student of art will, of course, turn to " Fine Arts in 1891."

Among the regular articles of interest and importance are: In science, "Astronomy," "Chemistry," "Physiology," "Physics," "Metallurgy," "National Academy of Science," and the account of meetings of the several “Associations for the Advancement of Science"; in religion, those showing the year's growth in the various churches; in finance and commerce, the "Financial Review of 1891," "United States Finances," "Commerce and Navigation of the United States," and the treasury and debt statement in articles on various countries.

Among the special articles not already mentioned, "Archæology," "Farmers' Congress," "Hudson River, Improvements in," and "Manual Training" are noteworthy. The personal articles include, besides the three authors mentioned above, one on Speaker Crisp, of the United States House of Representatives, one on Gen. Sherman, one on Gen. Johnston, one on Jules Grévy, one on Gen. Von Moltke, one on Sir John A. Macdonald, one on Meissonier, the painter, and an unusually large group of sketches-under the title "Obituaries "—of eminent men who passed away during the year. The dead of the year 1891 include Carl I, of Würtemberg, Kalakaua I, of Hawaii, Pedro II, of Brazil, and Tamasese, of Samoa-besides the two ex-Presidents, Balmaceda, of Chili, and Grévy, of France; the princes Baudouin and the two Bonapartes; the statesmen, Parnell, Earl Granville, Bradlaugh, W. H. Smith, Windthorst, Sir John Macdonald, Madhava Rao, Hannibal Hamlin, Windom, and J. E. McDonald; the clergymen, Freppel, Magee, Rotelle, Simon, Crosby, Gilmour, Loughlin, Preston, and Wadhams; the authors, Kinglake, Lytton, Boisgobey, the two Lowells, Lossing, and Parton; the inventors, Lebel, Hobbs, and Maynard; the soldiers, Sherman, Johnston, Moltke, Boulanger, Connor, and Sibley; the naval officers, Porter, Carter, Pattison, and Ingraham; the players, Barrett, Florence, Sullivan, Fisher, Edwards, Emmet, Emma Abbott, and Mrs. Forrest; the artists, Meissonier and McEntee; the scientists, Leidy, Le Conte, Winchell, Hilgard, and Ferrel; the philanthropists, Pratt, Mrs. Stuart, and the Duke of Devonshire. Other interesting characters, in themselves or in their circumstances, here sketched are P. T. Barnum, Mrs. Hopkins-Searles, Mrs. Polk, Madame Blavatsky, Albert Pike, Charles Devens, Thomas J. Conant, and Samuel D. Burchard.

The illustrations are more numerous than in any other volume of the series. They include two colored plates, besides the large map, three fine engravings on steel, and an unusual number of vignette portraits in the text. Pains have been taken to profit by the suggestions of those who habitually use this series for reference to improve the regular articles in some details, and it is hoped that the present volume will exhibit an advance in keeping with the time.

NEW YORK, April 19, 1892.

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