and assistance as the court may require and to make such report at such time; and to take charge of said person before and after the hearing as may be ordered. Every probation officer, assistant probation officer, and deputy probation officer shall have the power of a peace officer. At any time the probation officer may bring any such ward committed to his care before the court with written report and recommendation for such further order or other action as the court may deem proper. Before any such ward is recommitted, the probation officer shall inquire into the reasons assigned for such action and shall be present in court to represent the interests of such ward. Every probation officer shall have the powers of a school attendance officer, in such portions of the county, in which such probation officer has been appointed, as are not otherwise provided with a school attendance officer, and shall exercise such powers when not inconsistent with his other duties. Every probation officer, within fifteen days after the thirty-first day of December, of each year, shall make in writing and file as a public document a report to the judge of the juvenile court of the county in which such probation officer is appointed, and shall furnish the county board of supervisors and to the secretary of the state board of charities and corrections of this state a copy thereof. Such report, without giving names, shall state separately the exact number of neglected, dependent, and delinquent persons and wards of the juvenile court that remain under commitment to the care and custody of the probation officer, and the exact number of such persons of whose cases other disposition has been made, as such number exists, deducting all cases dismissed or discharged as reformed, or where such person has passed the age of twenty-one years upon such thirty-first day of December, segregating such persons as having been adjudged by such juvenile court to be neglected, dependent, delinquent, or wards of the juvenile court, as the case may be, in nineteen hundred and three, nineteen hundred and four, nineteen hundred and five, and so on, up to and including the calendar year for which such report is made and filed. Any of the duties of a probation officer may be performed by an assistant or deputy probation officer, and shall be so performed whenever directed by the probation officer; and it shall be the duty of the probation officer to see that his assistant and deputy probation officers perform their duties. Penalties. Sec. 21. Any person who shall commit any act or omit the performance of any duty, which act or omission causes or tends to cause or encourage any person under the age of twenty-one years to come within the provisions of any of subdivisions one to thirteen inclusive of section one of this act, or which act or omission contributes thereto, or any person who shall, by any act or omission, or by threats, or commands, or persuasion, induce or endeavor to induce any such person, under the age of twenty-one years, to do or to perform any act or to follow any course of conduct, or to so live as would cause or manifestly tend to cause any such person to become or to remain a person coming within the provisions of any of subdivisions one to thirteen inclusive of section one of this act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than two years, or by both such fine and imprisonment, or may be released on probation for a period not exceeding five years; and the superior court, sitting as a juvenile court, shall have original jurisdiction over all such misdemeanors. The court may also, as a condition of such probation, require a bond in such sum as the court may designate, to be approved by the judge requiring the same, to secure the performance by such person of the conditions imposed by the court on such probation. Such bond shall by its terms be made payable to the state of California and any moneys received for the breach thereof shall be paid into the county treasury. Detention home. Superintendent and matron. Sec. 22. It shall be the duty of the legislative body of every county, or city and county, immediately upon this act becoming effective, to provide and thereafter maintain, at the expense of such county, or city and county, in a location approved by the judge of the juvenile court, a suitable house or place to be known as the "detention home" of said county, or city and county, for the detention of wards of the juvenile court and of persons alleged to come under the provisions of subdivisions one to thirteen inclusive of section one of this act. Such detention home must not be in, or connected with any jail, or prison, and shall be conducted in all respects as nearly like a home as possible and shall not be deemed to be nor be treated as a penal institution. Such legislative body must also provide for a suitable superintendent and matron to have charge of such detention home, and for such other employees as may be needed in the efficient management of such detention home, and pro vide for the payment, out of the general fund of the county, or city and county, of suitable salaries for such superintendent and matron, and such other employees, such superintendent, matron and other employees to be appointed by said legislative body upon the nomination of the probation committee and the approval of the judge of the juvenile court. The superintendent of the detention home shall keep a classified list of expenses, and shall file a duplicate copy with the county board of supervisors. The superintendent, matron, or other employee of such detention home, may, at any time, be removed by the probation committee in its discretion. Appeal from judgment. Sec. 23. Every judgment or decree of a juvenile court assuming jurisdiction and declaring any person to be a ward of the juvenile court or a person free from the custody and control of his parents may be appealed from in the same manner as any final judgment, and any subsequent order may be appealed from as from an order after judgment; but no such order or judgment shall be stayed by such appeal, unless suitable provision is made for the maintenance, care and custody of such person pending the appeal, to be approved by an order of the said juvenile court. Such appeal shall have precedence in the court to which the appeal is taken over all other cases. Construction of act. Sec. 24. This act shall be liberally construed, to the end that its purpose may be carried out, to wit, that the care, custody and discipline of a ward of the juvenile court, as defined in this act, shall approximate as nearly as may be that which would be given by his parents, and in all cases where it can be properly done, the ward of the juvenile court, as defined in this act, shall be placed in an approved family, with people of the same religious belief, and become a member of the family, by legal adoption or otherwise. All commitments to institutions or for placement in family homes under this act shall be, so far as practicable, either to institutions or for placement in family homes of the same religious belief as that of the person so committed or of his parents or to institutions affording opportunity for instruction in such religious belief. In any detention or commitment under this act, no merely unfortunate person shall be brought into direct contact or personal association with any wayward person of evil influence. In all cases of female persons over the age of five years coming under the provisions of this act, such persons shall be dealt with, so far as possible, by or in the presence of a woman probation officer, assistant probation officer, deputy probation officer, a woman member of the probation committee, or other woman; and in transporting female persons coming under any of the provisions of this act, such persons shall be transported in the care and custody of a woman. In this act the word "county" shall include "city and county," the plural shall include the singular, and the singular shall include the plural, and the word "ward" shall mean "a ward of the juvenile court," as defined in this act. Acts superseded. Sec. 25. This act shall supersede all provisions of the act entitled "An act to establish a state school for juvenile offenders, and to make an appropriation therefor," approved March 11, 1889, and all amendments thereto, and all provisions of the act entitled "An act to establish a school of industry, to provide for the maintenance and management of the same, and to make an appropriation therefor," approved March 11, 1889, and all amendments thereto, relating to the mode of commitments to the institutions therein named; but said acts shall control as to all matters concerning the management of said institutions, respectively. Acts repealed. Sec. 26. The juvenile court law approved March 8, 1909, as amended by an act approved April 5, 1911, and as amended by an act approved June 16, 1913, and all amendments thereof, and all acts or parts of acts inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall be deemed to interfere with the management of any state school except as herein expressly provided; provided, further, that all orders and judgments heretofore made under the acts hereby repealed shall continue in full force and effect and the court shall retain jurisdiction of all persons now subject to the jurisdiction thereof, and such persons shall be herein dealt with in the same manner as if all previous orders had been made under the provisions of this act, and all proceedings now pending under said act shall be continued under the provisions of this act. Persons charged with crime under the provisions of section twenty-six of said law of nineteen hundred eleven, or section twenty-eight of said law of nineteen hundred thirteen, shall be tried and punished under the law as it existed at the time of said alleged offense. All officers holding office under the provisions of said acts, shall be continued therein, subject hereto and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to interfere with their m or tenure of office. Constitutionality. Sec. 27. If any one section or sections, or portion or portions of a section, or any paragraph or paragraphs, or sentence or sentences of this act are declared invalid such declaration shall not affect the rest of the law. LABOR UNIONS. An Act to prevent persons from unlawfully wearing the button of any labor union of this state. [Approved March 20, 1909; Stats. 1909, p. 546.] Labor unions, protection of button. Section 1. Any person who shall willfully wear the button of any labor union of this state, unless entitled to wear said button under the rules of such union, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be punished by imprisonment for a term not to exceed twenty days in the county jail or by a fine not to exceed twenty dollars, or by both such fine and imprisonment. An Act to prevent persons from unlawfully using a union card. [Approved March 22, 1909; Stats. 1909, p. 668.] Union card, unlawful use of. Section 1. Any person, who shall willfully use the card of any labor union to obtain aid, assistance or employment, thereby within this state, unless entitled to use said card under the rules and regulations of a labor union within this state, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Conflicting acts repealed. Sec. 2. All acts, and parts of acts, in conflict with the provisions of this act, are hereby repealed. LARCENY. An Act to more fully define the crime of larceny. Grand larceny. § 1. Grand larceny. § 2. Petit larceny. Section 1. Every person who shall convert any manner of real estate of the value of fifty dollars and upwards into |