ART. CONTENTS OF NO. VI., VOL. XXXI. ARTICLES. PAGE I. COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES.-No. x11. Grain-Provisions-Wool and Woolens-Hemp and its Encouragement-Flax-Bounty on Canvas-Irish Linen-Cotton-Silk and Wine-Tobacco-Rice made Unenumerated-Leather-Hat Manufacture and Trade-Rum-Paper-Ship-building-European Trade-The Enumerated ListGreat Britain-Ireland-South of Europe-The West Indies-Trade with the Foreign Islands-Complaint of the British Islands-Reply of the Continentals. By ENOCH HALE, Jr., Esq., of New York.. II. A STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.-No. 1. General AspectCentral Position of Illinois-Territorial Extent of Seven Largest States-Compared with other States and European Countries-Manufactures of Rhode Island and South Carolina compared-Mississippi Valley-Rivers-Temperature-Advantages of location of Illinois, etc., etc. By JoHN D. PEYTON, Esq., of Chicago, Illinois......... ...... III. PROGRESS OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES.-No. 1. The Census of 1850, being the Seventh Decennial Enumeration under the Constitution. By the Hon. GEORGE TUCKER, of Pennsylvania..... 659 669 675 IV. THE PROFITS AND WASTES OF AGRICULTURE. By Hon. GEORGE S. BOUTWELL, late Governor of Massachusetts....... 692 V. COMMERCE OF THE CRIMEA... 701 VI. THE USURY LAWS... 701 VII. THE COTTON TRADE. By C. F. McCAY, Professor in the College of South Carolina... 707 JOURNAL OF MERCANTILE LAW. EMBRACING A FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES, ETC., ILLUSTRA TED WITH TABLES, ETC., AS FOLLOWS: Commercial Embarrassments-The Gathering and Bursting of the Storm-The Bank PanicCondition of the Banks in New York, Boston, and Massachusetts-Illegitimate Banks and Banking-Deposits and Coinage at the Philadelphia and New Orleans Mints for October, and at all the Mints for the first Nine Months of the Year, and since the Date of their Organization -Receipts for Cash Duties at New York and Philadelphia-Imports at New York for October, and since January 1st-Imports of Dry Goods-Exports from New York for October, and since January 1st-Shipments of Specie-Comparative Exports of Domestic Produce-Quar terly Statement of Exports from New Orleans, etc... 716-725 ........ 725 JOURNAL OF BANKING, CURRENCY, AND FINANCE. Real and Personal Property in Chicago in 1854... The California Gold Product.. Trade and Gold Supplies of England.. Condition of the Banks of New Orleans The New British Stamp Act.-Hamburg Money-Changers.. Moneys appropriated by the Congress of the United States. Bank and Railroad Stocks.-The Issue of Fraudulent Stock in Vermont. Debts and Debtors in England.... PAGE. 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 732 Expenditures in Boston in 1803-4 and in 1853-4.-Condition of the Banks of Vermont in 1853-4. 733 Life Insurance-Wright's Tables......... JOURNAL OF INSURANCE. COMMERCIAL REGULATIONS. Life Insurance Companies.... French Tariff Alterations... Emigration and the Marine Hospital.. Act relating to Auctioneers in Minnesota.. Free Ships Make Free Goods-Treaty between the United States and Russia.. 734 736 737 738 739 741 741 The Reciprocity Treaty in Canada.-Letters by the British Mail Packets.-Postage in France.... 742 COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. Statistics of Trade and Commerce of Ireland.-Comparative Commerce of our Cities... Navigation, Commerce, and Fisheries of Massachusetts.. Kentucky Tobacco Trade in 1854.-American Commercial Enterprise in Australia... RAILROAD, CANAL, AND STEAMBOAT STATISTICS. 743 744 745 746 747 747 Earnings and Expenditures of the Belgian Railroads.-Increase of Passenger Traffic on Railways 748 The Canals and Other Public Works of New York, No. VI., Analysis of the Present Business of the Canals.... Effect of Steamer Day at San Francisco.................. Historical Notice of the Boston and Lowell Railroad.. STATISTICS OF POPULATION, &c. Present Population of Mexico..... Population of Ireland from 1805 to 1853.-Figures about the Population of the World.. Corn Measures of European and other ports.-Public Lands for Actual Settlers and Cultivators 760 761 762 NAUTICAL INTELLIGENCE. Falkland Islands-Port William..... New Beacon to Indicate Jædderen Reef.. JOURNAL OF MINING AND MANUFACTURES. 762 763 Iron Ore in Virginia for Iron Manufactures.-The Pacific Mill at Lawrence 768 769 MERCANTILE MISCELLANIES. Commercial Importance of California......... How to Commence Business... What a Moralist says of Gold.-The Adventurous Spirit of American Commerce The Wife of a Merchant's Clerk.-The Honest Shop Boy.. 769 770 771 772 773 774 The Camphor of Commerce-A Fact Touching It.-Acorn and Chicory Coffee... 776 THE BOOK TRADE. Notices of new Books or new Editions.. ....... 777-784 HUNT'S MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW. DECEMBER, 1854. Art. I.-COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES. NUMBER XII. GRAIN-PROVISIONS-WOOL AND WOOLENS-HEMP AND ITS ENCOURAGEMENT-FLAX-BOUNTY ON CANVAS IRISH LINEN-COTTON SILK AND WINE TOBACCO-RICE MADE UNENUMERATEDLEATHER-HAT MANUFACTURE AND TRADE-RUM-PAPER-SHIP-BUILDING-EUROPEAN TRADETHE ENUMERATED LIST-GREAT BRITAIN IRELAND-SOUTH OF EUROPE-THE WEST INDIESTRADE WITH THE FOREIGN ISLANDS-COMPLAINT OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS-REPLY OF THE CONTINENTALS. PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE. GRAIN, &c. All kinds of English grain, together with Indian corn, peas, &c., were produced in all the colonies, and formed important articles of export. Flour, meal, and biscuit were also exported in considerable amount from the middle colonies. The export of wheat, flour, and bread, &c., from Pennsylvania for the years 1729, 1730, and 1731, was as follows: South Carolina exported in 1739, of Indian corn and peas, 20,165 bushels, and of potatoes 790 bushels. The price of wheat in New York in 1742 was 3s. 6d. per bushel. A considerable quantity of grain was shipped to the West Indies, but the chief markets at this time were in Spain and Portugal. From Great Britain there was exported to these countries, together with France and Italy, yearly, about 1732, 800,000 quarters of grain, the estimated value of which, including freight, was 1,000,000l. The total export of wheat from England in 1735 was 153,343 quarters, upon which a bounty was paid of 38,3351.; and of grain of all sorts, 433,893 quarters, upon which |