rendezvous out of town, which they called the Wig wam, where, after a long talk or speech had been delivered, and the Calumet of friendship passed around, the remainder of the day was spent in high festivity. A dinner was prepared, and Indian dances performed on the green. The custom ceased a few years after the conclusion of peace, and though other Tammany' associations have since existed, they retain little of the model they were formed upon but the

name.

6

The commencement of the Revolutionary war was among the Delawares, as among their more civilized neighbors, a period of great excitement. Strong efforts were made by the British authorities on the northern frontier, and yet stronger ones by individual refugees and vagabonds in the British interest, to prejudice them against the American people, and to induce them to make common cause with their Father' over the 'Big Water,' in correcting the sins of his disobedient children. Congress, on the other hand, contented itself with keeping them, as far and as long as possible, in a state of neutrality. In consequence of these opposite influences, and of old prepossessions entertained by various parties and persons in the nation, a violent struggle ensued,-for war on one side, and for peace on the other—in the course of which were developed some of the most remarkable individual traits and diplomatic manœuvres which we have yet had occasion to notice.

The leader of the peace-party was Koguethagechton, called by the Americans CAPTAIN WHITE-EYES. He was the Head-Chief of the Turtle tribe in Ohio; while CAPTAIN PIPE, of the Wolf tribe, living and having his council-fire at the distance of fifteen miles northward from the former, devoted his talents to promoting the plan of a belligerent union with the British. Accidental circumstances, such as old wrongs, or at least imagined ones, from the Americans, on one side, and old favors on the other, no doubt had their effect in producing this diversity of feeling; but

the ambition and jealousy of Pipe,—whose spirit, otherwise noble, was of that haughty order, that he would not have served in heaven' when he might 'reign' elsewhere in the universe-are believed to have gone farther than any other cause, both to create and keep up dissensions among the Delawares, and disturbances between them and the whites. Pipe, as even the good Hecke welder allows, was certainly a great man, but White-Eyes was still both his superior and his senior, besides having the advantage of a clean cause and a clear conscience.

Pipe, like other politicians, uniformly professed his readiness, from time to time, to join in any measures proper to save the nation;' but the difficulty as uniformly occurred, that these were precisely the same measures which White-Eyes thought would destroy it. The former, like most of the Wolf tribe, whose temperament he had studied, was warlike, energetic, and restless. He brooded over old resentments,-he panted for revenge,—he longed for the coming of an era which should turn 'rogues' out of office, and bring 'honest men' in. With these feelings, his ingenuity could not be long without adequate arguments and artifices to operate on the minds of his countrymen. Their most remarkable effect, however, it soon became manifest, was to attach them to himself rather than to any particular principles. They were as ready to fight as men need be; but Pipe was expected to monopolize the thinking and talking.

For the better understanding of the principles of the Peace-party, we shall here introduce the exposition made by White-Eyes and others, of the character of the contest between the English and the Americans. Its effect was to convince the Indians, that they had no concern with either, while their welfare clearly suggested the policy, as well as propriety, of maintaining amicable terms with both.

"Suppose a father," it was said, "had a little son whom he loved and indulged while young, but growing up to be a youth, began to think of having some help

CHAPTER IX.

Observations on the character of White-Eyes-Pipe's comment on his death-The latter gains and sustains an ascendancy in the Delaware nation-Glickkican, Netawatwees and Wingemund-Subsequent career of Pipe Joins the British and fights against the Americans-Grand Indian council at Detroit-Pipe's spirited speech on that occasion-Makes charges against the Missionaries, but fails to prove them-Remarks on his habits, principles and talents.

The fact that Captain Pipe and his associates began to gain the ascendancy in the Delaware nation immediately on the death of his great antagonist, and that they afterwards supported it with almost uninterrupted success, is alone sufficient to indicate the influence and character of White-Eyes. Indeed, Pipe himself paid to his memory the compliment of declaring, with a solemn air, that "the Great Spirit had probably put him out of the way, that the nation might be saved." That sagacious personage was well aware that neither Kill-Buck, nor Big-Cat, nor *Glickkican, nor even

*The sight of a gun-barrel,' and afterwards baptised by the Moravians, and named Isaac. He was Chief Councillor and Speaker of the old Sachem, PAKANKE, who ruled over the Delawares at Kaskaskunk (in Ohio,) and was a man of uncommon military and oratorical talent. After his own christianization, he was a highly efficient advocate and patron of the Christian party. Having thereby, as well as by his spirit and influence, become obnoxious to their enemies during the Revolution, several attempts were made to overawe, bribe and destroy him; but they all failed. At length a considerable party was fitted out, in 1781, for the express purpose of taking him prisoner. They found him at Salem, but doubt. ing whether the old warrior's pacific principles would as sure their safety, they dared not enter his hut. He saw

all together, would adequately occupy the station of the deceased Chieftain.

White-Eyes was distinguished as much for his milder virtues as for his courage and energy; and as to his friendly disposition towards the Americans, particularly, on which some imputations were industriously thrown by his enemies, we could desire no better evidence of its sincerity than are still extant. In that curious document, the Journal of Frederic Post,* who, as early as 1758, was sent among the Ohio Delawares by the Governor of one of the States, for the purpose of inducing them to renounce the French alliance, is recorded, the 'speech' which Post carried back, and the closing paragraphs of which were as follows:

66 Brethren, when you have settled this peace and friendship, and finished it well, and you send the great peace-belt to me, I will send it to all the nations of my colour; they will all join to it, and we all will hold it fast.

“Brethren, when all the nations join to this friendship, then the day will begin to shine clear over us.

some of them before long from a window, and instantly stepped out, and called to them. 'Friends!' said he, 'by your manœuvres I conclude you are come for me. If so, why do you hesitate ;-Obey your orders; I am ready to submit. You seem to fear old Glickkican. Ah! there was a time when I would have scorned to submit to such cowardly slaves. But I am no more Glickkican, I am Isaac, a believer in the true God, and for his sake I will suffer anything, even death.' Seeing them still hesitate, he stepped up to them with his hands placed upon his back. There!' he continued, 'you would tie me if you dared-tie me, then, and take me with youI am ready.' They now mustered courage to do as he directed. Soon after, Glickkican was murdered, with a large number of his Christian countrymen, by a banditti of American ruffians who suspected, or pretended to suspect them, of hostile designs. Probably the result was brought about by the machinations of his Indian enemies. * In Proud's History of Pennsylvania.

CHAPTER X.

State of several Southern tribes during the last century-The English send deputies to the CHEROKEES, in 1756--Their lives threatened, and saved by ATTÁKULLAKULLA-Account of that Chieftain and his principles-The party opposed to him headed by OcCONOSTOTA-War with the Colonies in 1759 and two years following-Anecdotes of both these Chiefs-SALOUEH, FIFTOE, and others-Several battles-Peace concluded -Attakullakulla visits Charleston-His subsequent career, and that of Occonostota-Remarks on their character.

Cotemporary with the individuals who have just been mentioned, were a number of noted chieftains among the more Southern tribes. Of them we may take this occasion to say, that the Chickasaws generally affected the English interest; and the Creeks, the French;-so that the friendship or the hostility of GREAT-MORTAR, the STANDING-TURKEY, the WOLFKING, and the other leading men among the latter tribe was nearly neutralized, as regarded the several civilized parties, by the counteraction of the former.

The Cherokees had been friendly to the English ever since the treaty of 1730; but, owing partly to the influence of the Mortar, and partly to the direct exertions of the French, they had now become wavering and divided in sentiment. In 1756, deputies were sent among them, to secure their aid against the French. A council was convened, and was likely to terminate favorably, when tidings suddenly came that a party of Cherokees, who had visited the French on the Ohio, were massacred by some of the Virginians on their return home. The Council was in an uproar, as much as an Indian Council could be, the gravest political assembly on earth,-at once. Many cried aloud that vengeance should be taken on the persons