B. C. 358 Philip, of Macedonia, began his aggressive war upon the northern part of the Macedonian possessions, and as their encroachments were patiently borne, and no opposition brought to bear, but the territory quietly given up, there seemed no probability that they would withdraw, or retreat, or give back that which was not demanded of them. The proud and patriotic spirit of Demosthenes could ill brook this insult to his nation, and to rouse his countrymen to a sense of the degradation of their position he uttered his Philipics, probably the most eloquent series of orations ever delivered; and they moved upon the heartsof the people as did the voice of Moses when he commanded the Israelites to submit no longer to the oppression of Pharaoh. The Olynthiacs are equally celebrated, and were delivered with a view to prevail upon the Athenians to aid the inhabitants of Olynthus, which had been besieged by Philip, and which, notwithstanding all the exertions of the orator, was taken the next spring.

Demosthenes was now sent, with nine others, on an embassy to treat with Philip, and concluded a superficial peace, which lasted ten years. At the end of that time hostilities again commenced, and the disastrous battle of Chaeronea left Philip master of the destinies of Greece. Defeated and disgraced, the people yet recognized the heroic efforts of Demosthenes, and his love for the Macedonians remained unabated; but upon the accession of Alexander to the throne, so strong was the power which seated and held him there, that all opposition was overawed; and soon there was a revulsion of feeling, and Demosthenes, who had been the idol of the people, came under their condemnation. Harpacus, who had been left at Babylon in charge of the immense treasure there, absconded with it, and, arriving at Athens, by a judicious distribution of part of it, secured his personal safety. Demosthenes was suspected of being one of the recipients, and was tried for the offence. No proof was found, but he was declared guilty; and the suspicion, and the weight of shame attached to the unsustained charge, almost broke the heart of the heroic old man, and he retired to Trozene, where he remained until the death of Alexander, when he returned to Athens, but was not allowed to remain; he fled again from his ungrateful country to Calauria, where he found refuge in the temple of Neptune. He died suddenly in

this lonely spot, an exile from the land of his birth, an exile from the country to which he had been so true-a victim of "man's inhumanity to man." His orations are familiar to every reader, and are pronounced by Hume as being the most perfect of the kind ever given to the world." His manner," says the author just quoted, "is rapid harmony, exactly adjusted to the sense; it is vehement reasoning without any appearance of art; it is disdain, anger, boldness, freedom, involved in a constant stream of argument, and of all human productions, the nearest perfect."

EDWARD EVERETT.

DWARD EVERETT, the fourth of a family of eight children, was born. in Dorchester, Mass., in 1.94. He was educated in the public schools of Boston, .o which place his parents removed while he was quite young; prepared for college at Exeter, N. H., entered Harvard August, 1807, and graduated, with the highest honors of his class, in 1811. He was induced to study theology, and in 1812 was appointed Latin tutor in the University. Before he was nineteen years of age he was settled over the Brattle Street Church, Boston, but being appointed Professor of Greek Literature in Harvard, he resigned his pastorate in the third year; and, to improve his health and mind, was assisted by the Corporation of the University to travel, and spent some time in Europe, visiting its old colleges. He was in London when the battle of Waterloo was fought, and remained nearly five years abroad, at the end of which time he returned to his duties. He accepted the editorial charge of the North American Review, and under his care it became equal to any of the foreign Reviews. Mr. Everett's literary works are numerous, and familiar to every one. In 1824 he was chosen to fill a vacancy in

the Congressional district to which Cambridge belongs, and elected by a large majority. He was returned for five successive Congresses, and his legislative labors were able and effective. For ten years he was on the Committee of Foreign Affairs, much of the time as Chairman. In the spring of 1835 Ke declined re-election, and took leave of the House of Representatives. On the election of Gov. Davis to the United States Senate, Mr. Everett became his successor in the gubernatorial chair, and in 1836, and again in 1837, was re-elected to the position. He afterwards became resident Minister at the Court of St. James, where he remained several years. On his return he was made President of Harvard College.

As an orator, it is almost needless to speak of Mr. Everett to the people of America. So lately he was in our midst so late our tears fell as they said, "He is dead!"-that his gifts and his virtues are fresh as is the memory of our loss. He was calm and earnest in his manner, his words and his measure were like a soft, liquid flow, never wearying you with sameness, never startling you with sudden outbursts of passionate rhetoric. He was no eagle, that

"Bared its bosom to the storm,

And swept where darkest roll the clouds,"

but holding to the world of humanity with tender, clinging grasp, that placed no space between himself and them. While Mr. Everett's ideas combine in themselves every element of strength, they were so finely wrought, so daintily finished, so cunningly woven with sweet fancies, and broidered with all the poet's sweet device, that in their beauty we forget their grandeur. In after times, the soft raiment with which he clothed them left our mind imperceptibly, as the dew is dried from the rose, nor seen as it exhales; but after this, we saw how massive was the structure .hat

"Autumn leaves distained with dusky gold,

And clinging tendrils almost hid."

His taste his learning, and nis education cdmbind power to enchant his heares ;while his maner, like his matter, was studied, elaborats but not so much so as to be degraded into a trifling bauble or a splendid fault. Edward Everett died in Boston Mass. Jan 15. 1865.

HENRY WILSON,

Henry Wilson is

one of those rare examples of men who have won a prominent place in the politics of the country without any advantages of birth, or culture in early life. He was born at Farmington, New Hampshire, on the 16th day of February, 1812. His parentage was of the humblest, for he was barely ten years of age when he was apprenticed to a farmer in the vicinity for eleven years. His master was a kind and generous man, who sent the young, hard-working boy to school in the intervals of agricultural labor, and here he soon developed a great taste for reading. He hungered after knowledge, and his evident desire to learn induced a lawyer of Farmington to offer him the free use of his library, which was fortunately a very extensive one. Here the statesman in embryo reveled, and in after life he has declared to friends, that he believes he read during those eleven years, a hundred volumes a year. When he became twenty-one he had exhausted the library. His indentures were now completed, and, if he had chosen to become a farmer, opportunities of advancement were not wanting, for everybody liked the shy, awkward youth, with his broad, high forehead, his honest eyes and his immense but somewhat desultory stores of information. But he had resolved upon quitting Farmington and seeing the world. Putting his few clothes and his books, his only treasures, into a bundle, he slung it across his shoulder and walked gayly off to Natick, in Massachusetts, where he hired himself to a shoemaker with the resolution of working at this trade until he had accumulated a fund sufficient to maintain him in some good academy. It took two years to do this, when he returned to New Hampshire and studied for a time in the academies at Stafford, Wolfsborough and Concord. Most unfortunately, the man to whom he had confided his little heap of savings became insolvent, so Henry Wil