department, including regular courses of religion, philosophy, rhetoric and oratory, history, modern languages, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, natural history, physiology, chemistry, mineralogy, physics and mathematics; 2, a divinity school, 3, a law school; 4, a medical school; 5, the Lawrence Scientific School and school of mining and practical geology; 6, a school of astronomy; and 7, a dental school. It is situated in Cambridge, near Boston, has 76 professors, and was attended in 1871 by 643 students. The library contains 176,000 volumes and is one of the richest in the country. Yale College, in New Haven, Conn., was established 62 years later than Harvard, and embraces, 1, an academical department; 2, the Sheffield Scientific school; 3, a theological department; 4, a law department; 5, a medical department; and 6, a school of the Fine Arts. The number of professors and instructors in 1871 was 68, and of students 840. The college possesses libraries with a total of near 100,000 volumes, valuable mineralogical, geological, botanical and zoological collections, an astronomical observatory, and an excellent chemical laboratory. Columbia College, in New York, was chartered in 1784, and is a wealthy institution. It embraces, 1, a school of letters and science; 2, a school of mines; and 3, a law school; and has 34 professors and about 300 students. The College of Physicians and Surgeons of the city of New York, with 28 professors and 326 students, is connected with Columbia College. The subjoined table contains a list of those colleges which, according to the report of the Commissioner of Education, had over ten teachers during the year 1871: 1 University of California.. 2 St. Ignatius College.. 3. Santa Clara College. 4 Trinity College.. 5 Wesleyan University. 6 Yale College... 7 University of Georgia. 8 University of Chicago. 9 Northwestern University. 10 Knox College. 11 Illinois College.. 12 Monmouth College 13 Northwestern College. 14 Indiana University.. 15 Northwestern Christian University. 16 University of Notre Dame.. 17 Upper Iowa University. 18 Iowa College.... 19 Simpson Centenary College.. 20 Iowa State University... 21 Iowa Wesleyan University. 22 Berea College.. 23 Kentucky University. 24 Louisiana State University. 25 Straight University.. 26 Jefferson College.. 27 Bowdoin College. 28 St. John's College.... 29 Loyola College.... Oakland, California. San Francisco, California. ..Santa Clara, California. Hartford, Connecticut. Middletown, Connecticut. New Haven, Connecticut. -Athens, Georgia. Chicago, Illinois. Evanston, Illinois. Galesburg, Illinois. - Jacksonville, Illinois, Monmouth, Illinois. Naperville, Illinois. Bloomington, Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana. Notre Dame, Indiana. Fayette, Iowa. . Grinnell, Iowa. Indianapolis, Indiana, Iowa City, Iowa. .Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, Berea, Kentucky. Lexington, Kentucky. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. New Orleans, Louisiana. St. Michael, Louisiana. . Brunswick, Maine. .Annapolis, Maryland. Baltimore, Maryland. 30 Rock Hill College.. 31 St. Charles College.. 32 Mount St. Mary's College.. 33 Wesleyan Maryland College. 34 Amherst College.. 35 Boston College.. 36 Harvard College. 37 Tufts College,.. 38 Williams College. 39 College of the Holy Cross. 40 Michigan University. 41 Hillsdale College. 42 Kalamazoo College. 43 Olivet College.. 44 University of Mississippi. 45 Pass Christian College. 46 University of Missouri. 47 McGee College.. 48 St. Louis University. 49 Washington University. 50 Dartmouth College.. 51 Rutgers College... 52 College of New Jersey. 53 Seton Hall College. 54 Alfred University. 55 Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute. 56 St. Joseph's College.. 57 St. Lawrence University. 58 Hamilton College.. 59 St. Johns College.. 60 Madison College. 61 Cornell University. 62 N. Y. City College. 63 College of St. Francis Xavier. 64 Columbia College. 65 Manhattan College.. 66 University of New York City. 67 Union College.. 68 Baldwin University. 69 St. Xavier College.. 70 Mt. St. Mary's of the West. 71 Keynon College.. 72 Western Reserve College. 73 Mt. Union College... 74 Oberlin College.. 75 Antioch College.. 76 Hiram College. 77 Willamette University 78 Andalusia College. 79 Augustian College of Villanova.. 80 Lafayette College 81 Pennsylvania College. 82 Lincoln University.. 83 University of Pennsylvania.. 84 La Salle College.. 85 Western University. 86 Lehigh University. 87 Washington and Jefferson College. 88 Waynesburg College.. 89 St. Vincent's College.. 90 Brown University.. 91 University of South Carolina.. 92 East Tennessee University. 93 University of Nashville.. 94 Waco University.. 95 University of Vermont.. 96 Norwich University. 97 University of Virginia.. 98 Washington and Lee University. 99 Richmond College... 100 Roanoke College.. 101 College of William and Mary. 102 West Virginia State University. 103 West Virginia College... 104 St. Vincent's College.. Ellicott, Maryland' .Ellicott, Maryland Emmettsburg, Maryland Westminster, Maryland. .Amherst, Massachusetts. Boston, Massachusetts. Cambridge, Massachusetts. .College Hill, Massachusetts. Williamstown, Massachusetts. Worcester, Massachusetts. ......Ann Arbor, Michigan. Hillsdale, Michigan. .Kalamazoo, Michigan. Olivet, Michigan. Oxford, Mississippi. ..Pass Christian, Mississippi. ..Columbia, Missouri. College Mound, Missouri. St. Louis, Missouri. St. Louis, Missouri. ...Hanover, New Hampshire. New Brunswick, New Jersey. .Princeton, New Jersey. .......S. Orange, New Jersey. Alfred, New Jersey. ..Brooklyn, New York. Buffalo, New York. Canton, New York. Clinton, New York. Fordham, New York. ..Hamilton, New York. ..Ithaca, New York. New York, New York. New York, New York. New York, New York. New York, New York. New York, New York. Schenectady, New York. Berea, Ohio. Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati, Ohio. Gambier, Ohio. Hudson, Obio. .Mt. Union, Ohio. Oberlin, Ohio. Yellow Springs, Ohio. Hiram Ohio. Salem, Oregon. .Andalusia, Pennsylvania. ..Delaware county, Pa. Easton, Pennsylvania. ..Gettysburgh, Pennsylvania. Oxford, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ..Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. -Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. South Bethleham, Pennsylvania. Washington, Pennsylvania. Waynesburg, Pennsylvania. Westmoreland county, Philadelphia. Providence, R. I. .Columbia, South Carolina. Knoxville, Tennessee. Nashville, Tennessee. Waco, Texas. Burlington, Vermont. Norfield, Vermont. University of Virginia P. O. Lexington, Virginia. Richmond, Virginia. Salem, Virginia. Williamsburg, Virginia. Morgantown, W. Virginia. Flemington, W. Virginia. Wheeling, W. Virginia. The report of the Commissioner of Education enumerates 68 agricultural and scientific schools, the more important of which. are associated with and form parts of older colleges and universities. Many of them, however, have been founded on an independent basis. Those scientific institutions which received government aid by land grants number twenty-four, with 180 professors and over 2,000 students. The only schools maintained by the Federal Government are the United States Military Academy and the United States Naval Academy. The former is situated at West Point, on the Hudson river, in the midst of scenery unsurpassed for picturesque beauty. It was established in 1802, and nearly all the officers of the regular army have there received their education and training. The superintendent is usually an officer of high rank. His military staff consists of an adjutant, quartermaster, treasurer, surgeon, and two assistant surgeons. The academic staff consists of the commandant of the cadets, who is also instructor of tactics, eight professors, and thirty-one assistant professors and instructors. The number of pupils is 227. The discipline is strict, and the instruction very thorough, including the following branches: Military tactics, engineering, natural and experimental philosophy. mathematics, drawing, chemistry, mineralogy and geology, ethics and law, the French and Spanish languages, ordnance and gunnery. Candidates for admission to the Academy must be over 17 and under 22 years of age, and pass an examination in reading, writing, the elements of arithmetic, English grammar, geography, and the history of the United States. The Naval Academy, situated at Annapolis, Md., is under the charge of a superintendent, assisted by eight naval officers The academic staff includes 67 professors and assistant professors who teach seamanship, mathematics, steam-engineering, astronomy and navigation, natural philosophy, ethics and English studies, the French and Spanish languages, and drawing. The number of pupils is 253. Candidates for admission must be between 14 and 18 years of age, and must pass an examination similar to that which is required for admission into the military academy. Notwithstanding the great efforts of communities, associations, and individuals, to promote the cause of education in the United States, the number of adults who cannot read and write is still very large. According to the census for 1870 there are in the United States, 5,658.144 illiterates over 10 years of age who cannot read or write; that is, between 14 and 15 per cent of the entire population. This proportion places our country, in regard to the dissemination of elementary education, far in advance of England, France, Italy; but it is sufficiently unfavorable to arrest the attention of every intelligent American citizen. The largest contingents to this army of illiterates are furnished by the colored people of the Southern states, formerly held in bondage, and those immigrants who come from countries where popular education is notoriously neglected. Yet the remainder of native whites who cannot read and write is much larger than the number of elementary schools in the country would seem to warrant. In some places the school accommodations are as yet inadequate, notably in the Southern states and more sparsely inhabited districts of the new territories. In others, however, educational facilities are abundant, but regular school attendance is not sufficiently enforced by those having the care of children. To remedy the evils consequent upon such neglect, legislation to compel attendance is recommended, and has been carried out in some localities. The distribution of illiterates is, however, very unequal in the various sections of the country. In northern New England, central New York, northern Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, southern Michigan, and the larger portion of Iowa, the percentage of illiterates to the whole population is less than 5 per cent.; and varies in the remainder of the states north of the Missouri and Ohio river, from 5 to 20. The Broad belt of country extending from the Chesapeake Bay through the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, southern Arkansas, and Texas, has a percentage of illiterates varying from 20 to 60; but includes extensive tracts, where it rises to over 60 per cent. LIBRARIES. The Americans are a nation of readers. In the northern and western states books are found in almost every household, and works of a religious or popular character are issued in immense editions and sold all over the country. The sales of some works have reached the enormous number of 200,000 copies and over. The census for 1870 gives the number of libraries in the United States as 164,815, containing 45,528,938 volumes. Of these libraries 108,800, with 26,072,420 volumes, are private; and 56,015, with 19,459,518 volumes, are public. Large as these numbers may appear, they are far below the truth. The Commissioner of the Census remarks, that in respect to certain states, the figures returned by the marshals were ludicrously disproportionate. Thus, for example, for the state of Connecticut, no returns of private libraries were made at all, the deputy marshal reporting that no extra information could be obtained. The Congressional Library in Washington, probably the largest collection of books in the country, contained, in 1870, 199,000 volumes. The num |