TEN-FORTIES.-Dated March 1st, 1864. Redeemable in ten and payable in forty years. Interest, five per cent. in gold, payable on the 1st of March and September on all Registered Bonds, and on all Coupon Bonds of the denomination of $500 and $1,000. On the $50 and $100 Bonds, interest is paid annually, March 1st. Issued under Act March 3d, 1863, and Supplement, March 3d, 1864; principal, payable in gold, $194,291,500. FIVES OF 1870.-Redeemable at the pleasure of the United States, after May 1, 1881, in gold. Interest, five per cent. in gold, payable quarterly-February, May, August, and November 1st. Exempt from all taxation. Issued under Acts of July 14th, 1870, and January 20th, 1871. Amount, $200,000,000. U. S. PACIFIC RAILROAD CURRENCY SIXES.-Dated January 16th, 1865, and variously thereafter. These Bonds are issued by the Government, under Acts July 1st, 1862, and July 2d, 1864, to companies receiving their charter from Congress, which gives them the right to construct railroads to and from the Pacific Coast and on the completion of each twenty miles of track, to receive at the rate of $16,000, $22,000 or $48,000 per mile, according to the difficulty of constructing the same. They are payable thirty years from date of issue, and are registered in Bonds of $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000. Amount issued to September 1st, 1870, $64,618,832. All of the Bonds are issued" Coupon" or "Registered." Coupon Bonds can be changed into Registered Bonds, but Registered Bonds cannot be changed Coupons. Coupon Bonds are in denominations of $50, $100, $500, and $1,000: the Registered Bonds the same, with addition of $5,000 and $10,000. STATISTICAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. POPULATION. The total population of the United States, according to the ninth census (1870), is 38,853,217, and leaving out the Indian tribes, 38,555,983. There are but four of the great empires of the world exceeding this in number of inhabitants, to-wit: 1. The Chinese Empire, 477,500,000 inhabitants. 2. The British Empire, 174,200,000 inhabitants. 3. The Russian Empire, 75.500,060 inhabitants. 4. The German Empire, 40,200,000 inhabitants. France and Austria have each about 36,000,000 inhabitants, and are next to the United States in population. But in rapid increase of population our country surpasses all others, and must hold for many decades the foremost rank, as there is none that approaches it in natural wealth and resources. The following table is based upon the official reports of the decennial According to the tables submitted to the Statistical Congress, at Berlin, in 1863: The United States increased in 60 years. Russia France 60 ·· 45 The efficient causes of progress of population are annexation, immigration, and natural increase (the excess of births over deaths). The first of these factors has contributed but little. Louisiana, when purchased, had 77,000 inhabitants; Florida, about 10,000; California and New Mexico, about 60,000; Texas and Oregon mainly brought back into the Union citizens who had emigrated thither but a short time before. Of far greater importance has been and will certainly be hereafter, the second factor, Immigration, which, though partially arrested by rhe civil war, has expanded to the largest dimensions since the return of peace. Moreover, the character of the immigrants has materially improved, as the intelligent and moneyed classes of Europe have become more interested in our extraordinary resources. America is no longer looked upon in foreign countries as a refuge for oppressed labor, but rather as a field for commercial and industrial enterprises, promising greater results than the combination of capital and labor can realize elsewhere. Nearly 10,000,000 of our population are foreigners or descendants of foreigners. It has been estimated that the population in 1850 would have been about 22,000,000 if all immigration had been arrested at the time of the Declaration of Independence. The population of the colonies at the commencement of the Revolutionary war was probably not far from 3,000,000; and the arrival of immigrants, previous to the enactment of the passenger act of March 2, 1819, amounted to about 250,000. Since that period the stream of immigration has steadily increased. The total number of immigrants who arrived between Oct. 1, 1819, and December 31, 1870, was 7,553,865. Including the 250,000 already here before October, 1819, the total number of aliens permanently added to our population by direct immigration since the establishment of the government will reach 7,803,765. It is obvious that this large influx of labor, partly skilled, partly unskilled, adds a large amount to the total wealth of the nation, however difficult it may be to estimate this value in dollars and cents. Mr. Fr. Kapp, member of the German Parliament, assumes the average value of each immigrant to be $1,125. Mr. Edward Young, the able chief of the Bureau of Statistics, deems $1,000 as somewhat too large. The question is yet unanswered; but if we accept $800 as being about the value of an immigrant, inclusive of the average amount in cash he brings with him, then the addition to the wealth of the country by immigration to 1871 reaches the stupendous sum of $6,243,092,000. The increase in the different divisions of the country has been very unequal. It has exceeded 100 per cent. in some of the new states and territories-Nevada, Nebraska, Kansas, Minnesota, Dakota, Utah and Washington. It has been less than 100 per cent. and more than 50, in Iowa, Michigan, Oregon and the District of Columbia. The increase has been still less in those older states which have attained a comparatively high degree of development, and possess a dense population, i. e., a large number of inhabitants to each square mile of area, as Maryland, New Jersey, The rate New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia and others. The increase in the former slave states has been small, averaging but 17 per cent. Only four of them---Florida, Louisiana, Missouri and Texas---have grown more than 30 per cent., as they offered extraordinary inducements to immigrants, in the richness of their natural resources and the sparsity of their populations. of increase of the New England States has been less than that of the United States at large. Maine and New Hampshire have slightly fallen off in population, although they have only eighteen and thirty-five inhabitants, respectively, to the square mile. Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island are the most densely inhabited portions of the country, having, respectively, 182, 114, and 167 inhabitants to the square mile; but their increase has been small, averaging but 18 per cent. Four of the five races into which the human family is ordinarily divided, are represented in the population of the United States--the Indian, the Ethiopian, the Mongolian and the Caucasian races, or classified by color, the red, black and yellow, and the white races. The total number of Indians was, according to the last census, 383,712. Of these 25,731 were living as broken bands in many of the states, sustaining no tribal relations; 96,366 were upon government reservations and under agencies; and 234,740 roamed as nomads over the thinly settled parts of the West. The Ethiopians or negroes were imported into the colonies as slaves, previous to the Declaration of Independence. In 1790 they numbered 757,343 souls, 56,446 of whom were then free. In 1850 they had increased to 3,638,762, inclusive of the various shades of colored persons, and ten years later, to 4,441,756, of whom 487,996 were free, and 3,953,700 slaves. The last census gives their number as 4,868,387. The rate of increase from 1850 to 1860 was 22.35 per cent., but from 1860 to 1870, only 9.6 per cent., while the population of the country at large increased during the same decades, 35.39 and 22.64 per cent. respectively. In 1870 the proportion of the colored to the whole population was 141⁄2 to 100, a ratio by no means alarming in a political point of view. But it greatly varies in the different states; in South Carolina and Mississippi the number of the colored people considerably exceeds that of the whites; in all others the whites predominate. The Mongolian race is represented by Chinese and a few Japanese. The number of the latter is, indeed, so small, that they are not separately enumerated in the census. In 1860 there were 35,565 Chinese in California only. At present they are found in twenty-three states. Asiatic immigration, says Mr. Edward Young, has not yet reached such proportions as to excite alarm in the most apprehensive, and falls far short of what has been represented, never having reached in any single year the number |