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ing office, 1902. 168 p. O. (Bulletin, no. 51) free. 015.73

Lunt's Key to the publications of the United States census, 1790-1887, contained in the American statistical association, Publications, 1 : 63-125, gives a bibliography and groups by subjects the contents of the census reports.

Hasse, Adelaide Rosalia. Reports of explorations printed in the documents of the United States government. Wash. Governfree. ment printing office, 1899. 90 p. O. 015.73

Alphabetic list by authors and subjects. Van Tyne, Claude Halstead, and Leland, W. G. Guide to the archives of the government of the United States in Washington. 2d ed. rev. and enl. Wash. Carnegie institution, 1908. 327 p. Q. $1.25.

"Shows in what office or department any particular class of material is to be found."

STATE AND CITY DOCUMENTS

Large libraries must have the reports of the departments of their state and municipal governments. These are issued in different ways in the various states and cities. Small libraries will find use for only a limited number of these reports, and need not collect other than those of their own city and state. Among reports of general interest are those of the departments of education, labor, railroads, fisheries, and agriculture.

Bowker, Richard Rogers. State publications; a provisional list of the official publications of the several states of the U. S. from their organization. N.Y. Publishers' weekly, 1899-1905. v. 1-3, sq. O. $2 per vol.

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v. 1, New England states; v. 2, North central states; v. 3, Western states and territories.

A check-list of state publications, with extra margins for insertions, arranged in geographic order. Entry is made under the office or officer responsible for the issue of the document.

The lists forming appendixes to the American catalogue, from 1876-84 to 1890-95, inclusive, were used as a basis for the above.

Hasse, Adelaide Rosalia. Index of economic material in documents of the states of

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Prepared for the Department of economics and sociology of the Carnegie institution of Washington.

This important index undertakes to deal only with the printed reports of administrative officers, legislative committees, and special commissions of the states, and with governors' messages for the period since 1789 to 1904 inclusive. Each volume is divided into two parts: 1st, general sources of information and descriptive material; 2d, topical analysis. The volumes for Massachusetts and Rhode Island have also been issued (1908)

The following is a partial list of bibliographies of state documents, some additional titles of which will be found in the article by A. R. Hasse in Pub. 1. 6: 28-34: Alabama: Owen's Bibliography of Alabama. (In American historical association. Annual report. 1897.) Cole's Bibliography of the statute law of the southern states. (In Southern history association. Publications. v. 1. 1897.) Arkansas: Cole's Bibliography of the statute law of the southern states, pt. 2, Arkansas. (In Southern history association. Publications. v. 1. 1897.) Indiana: Howe's Descriptive catalogue of the official publications of Indiana from 1800 to 1890. (Indiana historical society. Pamphlets, no. 5.) Iowa: Fitzpatrick's Bibliography of Iowa territorial documents. (In Iowa journal of history and politics, Apr. 1907, p. 234269, also reprint of same, 1907), Steele's Check list of the publications of the state of Iowa, with an index to the Iowa documents (Des Moines, 1904), Budington's Bibliography of Iowa state publications for 1898–1899, 1900-01, 1902-03, 1904-05 (in Iowa journal of history and politics for July 1904, July 1903, Jan. 1905, July 1907). Kansas: The Transactions of the Kansas state historical association, 1897-1900, v. 6, contains a list of Kansas state publications. Maine: Williamson's Bibliography of the state of Maine to 1891. (Portland, The Thurston print, 1896. 2v.) Mississippi: Owen's Bibliography of Mississippi. (In American

historical association. Annual report. 1899. v. 1.) New Hampshire: Report of the state librarian of New Hampshire for 1891 contains an index list of reports and documents. New Jersey: Report of the state librarian of New Jersey for 1900 contains a list of New Jersey books and pamphlets in the general library. Ohio: Hayes's Publications of the state of Ohio, 1803-96. (Norwalk, 1897.) Pennsylvania: Reports of the state librarian of Pennsylvania for 1889, 1899 to 1904 inclusive contain check-lists of the laws, minutes, journals, and documents published in Pennsylvania, 1682-1904. Teras: Raines's Bibliography of Texas; being a descriptive list of books, pamphlets, and documents. (Austin, 1896.) Wisconsin: Wisconsin free library commission's Check list of the Journals and public documents of Wisconsin. (Madison, State printers, 1903.) "The primary purpose of a check list is to serve as a basis for collecting by means of purchase or ex

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on foreign documents. Partial list of French government serials in American libraries. Alb. Univ. of state of N. Y. 1902. p. 97-164, O. (N.Y. (state) - Library. Bulletin, 70) 15 cts. O15.44

"The aim has been simply to produce a title list of serials found in certain American libraries. . . . The scope of the work is defined in its title - ‘A partia list of French government serials.'" Preface.

The list specifies in what libraries the documents may be found. There is an index of offices.

Hasse, Adelaide Rosalia. Check list of foreign government documents on finance in the New York public library. (In New York - Public library. Bulletin. 5: 457-486)

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REFERENCES.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abbott, Elizabeth L.

Bibliography in a small library. Pub. 1. 7: 8-13. Describes the most useful books and gives a list for a library of from 5000 to 8000 volumes. Bibliographical society of America. Proceedings and papers, 1904-07. N. Y. Cheltenham press, 1906-07. v. 1, Q. Bisbee, Marvin Davis. Place of bibliography in the equipment of a cultivated man. Lib. j. 22: 429-432. Bowker, Richard Rogers. Bibliographical endeavors in America. Lib. j. 22: 384-387. Campbell, Frank. Theory of national and international bibliography, with special reference to the introduction of system in the record of modern literature. 500 p. O. Lond. Library bureau, 1896. Chauvin, Victor. What a bibliography should be. Lib. j. 17: 87-88. Chicago, Bibliographical society of. Year-book, 1899-1903. 4 v. D. Chic. 1901-03. Addresses, particularly those on Some recent events and tendencies in bibliography, by C. H. Hastings, and, General and national bibliographies, by W. S. Merrill. Cole, George Watson. American bibliography, general and local. Lib. j. 19 5-9. Course in bibliology at Dartmouth college. Lib. j. 22: 439-440. An outline of the course of study given in that college. Davis, Raymond C. Teaching bibliography in colleges. Lib. j. 11: 289–294. An outline of the course of study in the University of Michigan, with many interesting remarks on bibliography in general and on the teaching of it in colleges. Dewey, Melvil. Bibliography in colleges. Lib. j. 18: 422. Quotes from the catalog of the University of Colorado its course of instruction in bibliography. Ferguson, John. Some aspects of bibliography. 102 p. O. Edin. Johnston, 1900. Guild, Reuben. Bibliography as a science. Lib. j. 1: 67-69. Keogh, Andrew. Some general bibliographical works of value to the student of English. 27 p. D. New Haven, Yale university, 1901. Koopman, Harry Lyman. College instruction in bibliography. Lib. j. C 22 : 166–168. Describes the course given in Brown university, followed by a discussion of similar courses by other librarians. Lane, William Coolidge. Bibliography in America. Pub. 1. 10: 111-113. Leypoldt, Augusta H. Practical bibliography: notes on the making of printed book lists. Lib. j. 31: 303–307. Little, George T. Teaching bibliography to college students. Lib. j. 17: C 8788.

Professional instruction in bibliography, round table meeting, A.L.A. 1901. Lib. j. 26: C 197-205. McPike, E. F. A serial bibliography of bibliographies. Pub. 1. 10: 123-125. Spofford, Ainsworth Rand. Bibliography. (In his Book for all readers. 1900. p. 459-500.) Tedder, Henry R. A few words on the study of bibliography. (In L. A. U. K. Transactions and proceedings, 7: 128-131.) Tolman, Frank L. Bibliography and cataloging: some affinities and contrasts. Pub. 1. 10: 119-122. Wheatley, Henry Benjamin. General bibliographies; Special bibliographies. (In his How to form a library. 1887. p. 141-183.) Wheatley. Present condition of English bibliography, and suggestions for the future. Lib. j.. 19: 336–338.

The student of reference work will find the study of bibliography most essential, inasmuch as bibliographies serve to guide to the best authorities on a subject; to the best editions of books; to information as to what has been written by an author, or on a special subject; to the author of a book when only the title is known; to what has been published in a certain country; to the price of a book; to the value and collation of rare books, and to much other important information.

In a work of this character only those bibliographies most necessary to the reference librarian are mentioned.

For a general history of the subject, consult the article Bibliography by E. F. Taylor in the Encyclopædia Britannica, which gives an excellent account.

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Bibliography means literally the act or habit of writing books, and is applied to "the science which treats of books, their materials, authors, typography, editions, dates, subjects, classification, history, etc." Another use of the term is applied to a classified list of authorities or books on any theme, as a bibliography of political economy." (Century dictionary.)

The term bibliography, which is now defined as the science of books, was formerly used to signify the description and deciphering of ancient manuscripts, which science is now known as paleography. De Bure, in his Bibliographie instructive, published in 1763, employed the word in the sense in which it has since been used, applying it to printed books.

There are two kinds of bibliography: material and intellectual (or literary). Material bibliography embraces a description of a book according to its edition, typography, paging,

etc. the external features; while intellectual bibliography has to do with the contents or internal characteristics of the book.

The subject is usually divided into the following sections:

GENERAL (or universal) bibliography, which includes bibliographies whose object is to enumerate the titles of books of every age and country and on all subjects (e.g. Brunet's Manuel du libraire)

SPECIAL bibliography, or subject bibliography, which is confined to books on some particular author or subject, and may include all (complete bibliography) or a selection (select bibliography) of the books on that subject or author (e. g. Monroe's Bibliography of education)

NATIONAL bibliography, which gives a record of books printed in a certain country (e. g. Lowndes's Bibliographer's manual) This term is also applied to a list of books about a certain country.

TRADE bibliography, which includes those bibliographies useful in the purchase of books, as giving trade information (e. g. American catalog of books)

BIBLIOGRAPHY of bibliography, which is a list of bibliographies (e. g. Vallée's Bibliographie des bibliographies)

MISCELLANEOUS (including anonyms, periodicals, etc.)

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v. 6 of the Manuel is a “table méthodique." Brunet's work is especially valuable for the bibliographic details of the books mentioned. It aims to include the rare and precious books of all kinds from the origin of printing. It gives the history of different editions, distinguishing characteristics of each and their collation, full titles, prices that books have brought at auction, some illustrations, and facsimiles. The arrangement is alphabetic with a classified index, and the supplement includes books not mentioned in the other volumes.

It is probably the most useful book of its kind, although the work of Grässe is considered by some to be more important. Brunet's work contains entries of more books of French writers than Grässe.

Grässe, Johann Georg Theodor. Trésor de livres rares et précieux. Dresde, 1859-69. 7v. Q. o. p. about $60.

v. 7, Supplément.

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"Covers much the same ground as Brunet, but includes also a large number of books that are intrinsically valuable without being rare, and for this reason is preferable if a choice must be made between them." Growoll in his Bookseller's library.

It is based on Brunet, but contains more entries of German books; prices that books brought at sales are given.

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v. 1 contains corrections of and additions to the collation of works described in Hain; v. 2 a list of titles not contained in the original work, v. 2, pt. 2, also includes "The printers and publishers of the XV. century with lists of their works" by Konrad Burger (p. 319-670), which is an index to the Supplement, to Hain's Repertorium, and to the works of Campbell, Pellechet, and Proctor. Under the printers' names their works are given in chronological order.

Reichling, Dietrich. Appendices ad HainiiCopingeri Repertorivm bibliographicvm, additiones et emendationes. Monachii, Rosenthal, 1905-07. 3v. O. 30m.

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Gives additional titles of books. See descriptive note in Ebert, 3 1014. Santander, Carlos Antonio de la Serna de. Dictionnaire bibliographique choisi du quinzième siècle. Bruxelles, 1805-07. 3v. O. o. p. about $7.50.

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NATIONAL AND TRADE

Under this heading is included trade bibliography as well as some other works relating to the bibliography of each country. As in other classes of bibliography, a selection has been made limited to the most useful works. An excellent account of trade bibliography and how to find information contained in it will be found in Growoll's The bookseller's library and how to use it, which should be carefully studied by librarians.

A chapter on "Hints for finding the author, title, publisher, place of publication, date, edition, size or price of books" may be found in Caspar's Dictionary of the American book and stationery trade (1889), p. 1262–1265.

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