...in voluntary affirmative action plans, the majority declined to expand its ruling: We need not today define in detail the line of demarcation between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans. It suffices to hold that the challenged KaiserUSWA affirmative action plan falls on the permissible...

...craft workers was black.105 Its discussion of the plan in question, although brief, is instructive. Declining to "define in detail the line of demarcation...between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans," the Court found the plan lawful because "the plan does not unnecessarily trammel the interests...

...craft workers was black.11* Its discussion of the plan in question, although brief, is instructive. Declining to "define in detail the line of demarcation...between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans," the Court found the plan lawful, because "the plan does not unnecessarily trammel the interests...

...affirmative action, although we left to another day the task of 501 Opinion of the Court "defining] in detail the line of demarcation between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans." Id., at 208. Of course, Weber involved a purely private contractual agreement rather than a...

...was a rejection of "literal interpretation"; a superficial review of legislative history; a refusal to "define in detail the line of demarcation between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans" though the plan in question was said to fall "on the permissible side of the line"; a claim...

...efforts to abolish traditional patterns of racial segregation and hierarchy. . . . We need not today define in detail the line of demarcation between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans. It suffices to hold that the challenged Kaiser-USWA affirmative action plan falls on the permissible...

...does not condemn all private, voluntary, race-conscious affirmative action plans. We need not today define in detail the line of demarcation between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans. It suffices to hold that the challenged Kaiser-USWA affirmative action plan falls on the permissible...

...has allowed that there may be other permissible bases. See Weber. 443 US at 208 ("We need not today define in detail the line of demarcation between permissible and impermissible affirmative action 13 plans.*); Johnson. 480 US at 642, 646 (Stevens, J., concurring) ("Public and private employers might...

...as much a victory for entrepreneurial liberty as for racial quotas. In Weber, the Court also refused to "define in detail the line of demarcation between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans."4 Despite the qualifications, Reynolds thought Weber could not be reconciled with Reagan's campaign...

...does not condemn all private, voluntary, race-conscious affirmative action plans. We need not today define in detail the line of demarcation between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans. It suffices to hold that the challenged Kaiser-USWA affirmative action plan falls on the permissible...