or accompanies, or is used in the aid of, any person so doing. The word "child" or "children' 'may mean one or more children, or the word "parent" or "parents" may mean one or both parents when consistent with the intent of this act. The word "association" shall mean any incorporation which includes in its purposes the care and disposition of children consistent with the intent of this act.

For the purpose of this act only, all delinquent or neglected children within the state shall be considered wards of this state and their persons shall be subject to the custody, care, guardianship and control of the court as hereinafter provided. (Sec. 1, Chap. 190, '09.)

100. Superior Courts Have Jurisdiction.

The superior courts in the several counties of this state shall have original jurisdiction in all cases coming within the terms of this act. In all trials under this act any person interested therein may demand a jury trial, or the judge, of his own motion, may order a jury to try the case. (Sec. 2, Chap. 190, '09.)

101. Juvenile Court Created.

In counties containing thirty thousand or more inhabitants, the judges of the superior court shall, at such times as they may determine, designate one or more of their number whose duty it shall be to hear all cases arising under this act. A special session, to be designated as the "Juvenile Court Session," shall be provided for the hearing of such cases and the finding of the court shall be entered in a book or books to be kept for that purpose, and known as the "Juvenile Record;" and the court may for convenience, be called the "Juvenile Court." (Sec. 1, Chap. 56, '11.)

102. Who May File a Complaint.

Any reputable person, being a resident in the county, having knowledge of a child in his county who appears to be either delinquent or neglected within the meaning of this act, may file with the clerk of the court a complaint, in writing, setting forth the facts, including a statement of the name and place of residence of the parent, parents or other guardian, also of the person having the custody of such child, if known, and if unknown, that fact shall be stated. The complaint shall be verified by affidavit, which shall be sufficient if made upon information and belief. (Sec. 4, Chap. 190, '09.)

103. Clerk to Issue Summons.

Upon the filing of an information or the complaint the clerk of the court shall issue a summons requiring the person having custody or control of the child, or with whom the child may be, to appear with the child at a place and time stated in the summons, which time shall not be less than 24 hours after service. The parents of the child, if living, and their residence is known, or its legal guardian, if there be one, or if there is neither parent nor guardian, or if his or her

residence is not known, then some relative, if there be one and his residence is, known, shall be notified of the proceedings; and in any case the judge shall appoint some suitable person or association to act in behalf of the child. If the person summoned, as herein provided, shall fail without reasonable cause to appear and abide the order of the court, or to bring the child, he shall be proceeded against as for contempt of court. In case the summons cannot be served, or the parties served fail to obey the same, and in any case when it shall be made to appear to the court that said summons will be ineffectual a warrant may issue on the order of the court, either against the parent or guardian or the person having custody of the child, or with whom the child may be, or against the child itself. On return of the summons or other process, or as soon thereafter as may be, the court shall proceed to hear and dispose of the case in a summary manner. Pending the final disposition of the case, the child may be retained in the possession of the person having charge of the same, or may be kept in some suitable place provided by the city or county authorities, or by any association having for one of its objects the care of delinquent and neglected children. (Sec. 5, Chap. 190, '09.)

In any case where it shall appear, by the complaint or other verified statement, that the person standing in the position of natural or legal guardian of the person of any child, is a non-resident of this state or that the name or place of residence or whereabouts of such person is unknown, as well as in all cases where, after due diligence, the officer has been unable to make service of the summons or notice provided for in section 4, the court may, by order, direct the clerk of the court to publish a notice four consecutive weeks in some newspaper printed in the county and having a general circulation therein. Such notice shall be directed to the parent, parents or other person claiming the right to the custody of the child, if their names are known, and if unknown the phrase "To All Whom It May Concern," shall be used and apply to, and be binding upon, any such person whose names are unknown. The name of the court, the name of the child (or children if of one family), the date of the filing of the complaint and the date of hearing, which shall not be less than twenty days from the date of the last publication, and the object of the procedings in general terms, shall be set forth and the whole shall be subscribed by the clerk. There shall be filed with the clerk an affidavit showing due publication of the notice and the cost of publication shall be paid by the county at not to exceed the rate paid by the county for other legal notices. The publication of notice shall be deemed equivalent to personal service upon all persons, known or unknown, who have been designated as provided in this section. (Sec. 6, Chap. 190, '09.)

105. Probation Officers.

The court or judge designated, as provided in section 3 of this act, shall appoint or designate one or more discreet persons of good character to serve as probation officers during the pleasure of the court, said probation officers to receive no compensation from the public treasury. In case a probation officer shall be appointed by any court, it shall be the duty of the clerk of the court, if practicable, to notrfy the said probation officer in advance when the child is to be brought before said court; it shall be the duty of said probation officers to make such investigation as may be required by the court, to be present in order to represent the interests of the child when the case is heard, to furnish the court such information and assistance as the judge may require, and to take such charge of the child before and after trial as may be directed by the court. In addition to the officers above provided for, in counties containing 30,000 or more inhabitants, when it shall appear that there is a neecssity for such county officers, the court may, with the approval of the board of county commissioners, appoint one or more persons to act as probation officers and one or more persons who shall have charge of detention rooms or house of detention, all of whom shall be paid as compensation for their services such sums as may be fixed by the board of county commissioners, and who shall be paid as other county officers are paid; such officers shall possess all the powers conferred upon sheriffs and police officers to serve process and make arrests for the violation of any state law or city ordinances, relative to the care, custody and control of delinquent children. (Sec. 2, Chap. 190, '11.)

106. Temporary or Permanent Home.

When any child under the age of eighteen years shall be found to be delinquent or neglected, within the meaning of this act, the court may, at any time, make an order committing the child to some suitable institution, or to the care of some reputable citizen of good moral character, or to the care of some training school or industrial school as provided by law, or to the care of some association willing to receive it, embracing in it objects the purpose of caring for or obtaining homes for dependent, neglected or delinquent children: Provided, Such order may be temporary or permanent in the discretion of the court and may be revoked or modified as the circumstances of the case may thereafter require. In any case in which the court shall find a child neglected, dependent or delinquent, it may in the same or in a subsequent proceeding, upon the parent or parents, guardian or other person having custody of said child being duly summoned or voluntarily appearing, proceed to inquire into the ability of such person or persons to support the child or contribute to its support, and if the court shall find such person or persons able to support the child or contribute thereto, the court may enter such order or decree as shall be according to equity in the premises, and may enforce the same

by execution, or in any way in which a court of equity may enforce its decree. (Sec. 8, Chap. 190, '09.)

107.

In any case where the court shall award a child to the care of any association or individual, the child shall, unless otherwise ordered, become a ward and be subject to the guardianship of the association or individual to whose care it is committed; such association shall have authority, with the assent of the court, to place such child in a family home, either temporarily or for adoption. With the written consent of the parents or one of them, or other person having the right, under the laws of this state, to dispose of a neglected or delinquent child, the court may make an order or decree of adoption transferring to any suitable person or persons, willing to receive such child, all the rights of the parent or other guardian. The order of the court made upon such consent shall be binding upon the child and its parents or guardian, or other person, the same as if such persons were personally in court and consented thereto, whether made party to the proceedings or not. The estate or property rights of any child shall not be affected, nor subject to guardianship by the provisions of this act. The jurisdiction of the court shall continue over every child brought before the court, or committed pursuant to this act, and the court shall have power to order a change in the cusody or care of such child, if at any time it is made to appear to the court that it would be for the best interests of the child to make such change. (Sec. 9, Chap. 190, '09.)

108. Hearings-How Conducted.

The hearings may be conducted in any room provided for the purpose in the courthouse, or building where sessions of the court are held and, as far as practicable, such cases shall not be heard in conjunction with other business of the court. At the hearing of any case involving a child, the court shall have power to exclude the general public from the room where such hearing is had, admitting thereto only such persons as may have a direct interest in the case. The probation officer's investigation record and report in each case, shall be withheld from public inspection, but such records shall be open to the inspection of such child, his parents, or guardian, or his attorney, and to such other persons as may secure a special order of court therefor. Such records shall be kept as official records of the court until the child named therein shall have reached the age of twenty-one years, at which time they shall be destroyed. After acquiring jurisdiction over any child, the court shall have power to make any order with respect to the custody, care or control of such child, or any order which, in the judgment of the court, would promote the child's health or welfare. In any case of a delinquent or neglected child, the court may continue the hearing from time to time, and may commit the child to the care and guardianship of a probation officer, duly appointed by the court,

and may allow said child to remain at its own home, subject to the visitation of the probation officer, such child to report to the probation officer as often as may be required and subject to be returned to the court for further proceedings whenever such action may appear to be necessary, or the court may commit the child to the care and guardianship of the probation officer, to be placed in a suitable family home, in case provision is made by voluntary contribution or otherwise for the payment of the board of the child, until a suitable provision may be made for the child in a home without such payment, or the court may commit the child to a suitable institution for the care of delinquent or neglected children. In no case shall a child be committed beyond the age of 21 years. A child committed to such institution shall be subject to the control thereof and the said institution shall have power to parole such child, on such conditions as it may prescribe, and the court shall have power to discharge such child from custody, whenever in the judgment of the court, his or her reformation shall be complete; or the court may commit the child to the care and custody of some asssociation that will receive such child, embracing in its object the care of neglected and delinquent children. (Sec. 3, Chap. 190, '11.)

109. Must Not Be Committed to Jail.

No court or magistrate shall commit a child under fourteen years of age to a jail, common lock-up or police station; but, if such a child is unable to give bail, it may be committed to the care of the sheriff, police officer or probation officer, who shall keep such child in some suitable place or house or school of detention provided by the city or county, outside of the enclosure of any jail or police station, or in the care of any association willing to receive it, and having as one of its objects the care of neglected and dependent children. When any child shall be sentenced to confinement in any institution to which adult convicts are sentenced, it shall be unlawful to confine such child in the same building with such adult convicts, or to confine such child in the same yard or enclosure with such adult convicts, or to bring such child into any yard or building in which such adult convicts may be present. (Sec. 11, Chap. 190, '09.)

110. Trial Before Superior Court.

When in any county where a court is held as provided in section 3 of this act, a child under the age of eighteen (18) years is arrested with or without warrant, such child may, instead of being taken before a justice of the peace or police magistrate, be taken directly before such court; or if the child is taken before a justice of the peace,or police magistrate, it shall be the duty of such justice of the peace or police magistrate to transfer the case to such court, and the officer having the child in charge to take the child before that court, and in any case the court may proceed to hear and dispose of the case in the same manner as if the child had been brought before the court