Trade Societies, date of appearance, 1833-1837, I, 472-477.
Trades' and Labor Council of New
York, organised, II, 226. Trades' Assemblies, boycott, II, 22, 23, 24; convention, II, 35, 36, 38, 95; co-operation, II, 23; disappearance, II, 177; employ- ers' associations, II, 26, 27; federation, II, 34, 38, 39, 94, 96; functions, II, 23, 311, 312; In- ternational Industrial, II, 36- 39; multiplication, II, 310; Philadelphia, II, 24-26, 39; politics, II, 38.
Trades' Union, beginning, I, 12, 358, 365-368, 424; child labour, I, 428, 432; conspiracy, I, 408, 409; conventions, I, 424, 430- 437, 469-471; co-operation, I, 468; education, I, 427, 432; employers, I, 368, 371, 372; fac- tory workers, I, 374, 418, 428, 429; finances, I, 434; growth, I, 358, 359, 379, 380; hours of labour, I, 433, 536; influence, I, 438; jurisdictional disputes, I, 376, 377; land policy, I, 428; labour press, I, 360; Mechanics' Union, I, 375; membership, I, 424; need, I, 357; organisation, I, 427, 431; politics, I, 361, 362, 426, 427; prison labour, I, 369- 371; riots, I, 377, 378; specu- lation, I, 435; strikes, I, 363, 371, 390; Tammany, I, 461, 462; term, I, 14; women's labour, I, 436, 437.
Trainmen's Union, organised, II,
Transcendentalism, colonies, I, 505; forms, I, 494. See also, Anarchism. Transportation, see Markets, Exten-
Trevellick, Richard, II, 16, 29, 29n,
35, 115, 118, 122, 124, 126, 129, 130, 131, 133, 137, 150, 152, 153, 168, 170, 244.
Tribune, New York, boycotted, II, 317.
Troup, Alexander H., II, 97, 99, 126, 133, 170.
Truck and order system, abolition, II, 324.
Truth, The, Haskell, II, 299. Tucker, Benjamin R., individualistic anarchist, I, 17.
Tucker, Gideon J., greenback candi- date, II, 246, 247.
German American, Cleveland convention, 1882, II, 326; established, II, 313; 80- cialism, II, 226.
See also, Fowitz, Gustav. Typographical Association, National, cause for organisation, I, 340. Typographical Society, Albany, I, 113; Baltimore, I, 115. Typographical Society, Franklin, I, 109; aided, I, 112; wage scale, I, 126. Typographical Society, National, ap- prenticeship policy, I, 451; book publisher, I, 447, 448; cap- italism, political, I, 444-446; conventions, I, 450, 452; lo- cals, 1836, I, 443; organisation, I, 620, 621; "two-thirders," I, 448, 449; wage policy, I,
Typographical Society, New York, apprenticeship. I, 116; benefits, I, 124, 125, 137; collective bar- gaining, I, 603; depression, I, 136, 456; education, I, 249, 250; employers, I, 119; evolution, I, 335, 336; grievances, I, 114, 115; incorporation, I, 86, 109; minimum wage, I, 131; scabs, I, 131.
See also, Strikes. Typographical Society, Philadelphia, apprenticeship, I, 116; benefits, I, 85; collective bargaining, I, 120, 121; competition of women, I, 343, 344; co-operation with New York local, I, 113; evolu- tion. I, 335; Franklin Society, I, 112; organise, I, 109. See also, Strikes. Typographical Society, Washington, apprenticeship, I, 342; Duff Green, I, 450; economic purpose, I, 137; strike, I, 451; women labour, I, 344. Typographical Union, International, apprenticeship, II, 83; boycott, II, 317, 365; conditional mem- bership, II, 58; conventions, II, 97, 319, 326; established, II, 58, 313; federation, II, 60, 61, 157; growth, II, 45, 1.7, 308, 313; Negro, II, 135, 311; Northwestern Publishers' Asso- ciation, II, 61; political action,
II, 318; strike fund, II, 59, 60. See also, Strikes.
Unemployment, Chinese, II, 148, 262, 263; Civil War, II, 10, 13; currency policies, II, 123; hours of labour, I, 234; in 1829, I, 170, 171; in 1837, I, 457, 458; in 1857-1863, I, 488; II, 204; in 1869, II, 123; in 1873, II, 219; in 1877, II, 253, 257; legal tender acts, 1862, II, 15; organisation of Chicago unem- ployed, II, 200; Parsons, A. R., II, 389; riot of Tompkins Square, II, 220; union employ- ment offices, I, 587, 588; Weit- ling's bank of exchange, I, 514. Union Congress, Chicago as centre,
II, 272; Philadelphia, II, 270; restrictions, II, 273, 278. Union Society of Carpenters, I, 110. Union Trade Society of Journeymen Tailors, competition of women, I, 344; organised, I, 337. United Cabinet Makers, New York, II, 208.
United German Benefit Society, I, 84.
United German Trades, type of city
federation, II, 313. United Labor Party, conventions, II,
455, 456, 459; dwindles, II, 491; in 1887 elections, II, 467; plat- form, II, 460; single tax, II, 468; socialists, II, 457, 458; Union Labor Party, II, 465. United Workers of America, II, 222, 223, 234.
Universal Brotherhood, The, II, 196. Unskilled, Condition, 1829, I, 171;
Conflict with skilled; cigar mak- ers, II, 400, 401; District As- sembly 49, II, 399; in shoe in- dustry, II, 77; iron workers, II, 407; Knights and trade union- ists, II, 396-398, 403, 404, 427. Organisation: attitude, II, 323;
class hate, II, 374; failure, II, 427; Illinois quarrymen's strike, II, 367; in 1884, 1885, II, 357, 362; International La- bor Union, II, 280, 302; unem- ployed, II, 389, 390. Riots: I, 412, 416, 417.
See also, Factory System; Indus-
trial Workers of the World; Knights of Labor.
Van Buren, issues ten-hour order, I, 395.
Van Patten Phillip, II, 272–286. Virginia, mechanics aided, I, 40, 43;
monopoly grants, I, 40, 43; tar- iff, 1, 42; unions, 1863, 1864, II, 19. Vorbote, official organ, II, 228, 271; on anarchism, II, 296; on co- operation, II, 230; on green- backism, II, 287; on Interna- tional Labor Union, II, 280; on militarism, II, 281; on trade unionism, II, 230, 275, 283.
Wages, Conditions: banks, I, 459; bread assize, I, 52, 53; cheap labour, I, 347; Chinese labour, II, 264, 265; combination to raise, I, 140-143; contract work, I, 67, 68; co-operation, II, 53; depression, I, 456, 457, 614, 615; II, 185, 361; employers' associa- tions, II, 27, 28; free land, I, 527; growth of cities, II, 359; in 1850, 1, 582; in 1854, I, 610, 611; merchant-capitalist, I, 339; monopoly, I, 219; piece work, I, 67, 583, 584; prices, I, 150, 396, 415, 435, 600; II, 15, 110; regulation, I, 7, 50-52, 85, 86, 87, 126, 580, 583; scarcity of labour, I, 128; strikes, I, 110, 111, 156, 363, 381-383, 395- 401, 418, 422, 432, 424n, 441, 599; II, 78, 178, 184, 186, 312, 362-364, 367, 368, 496; sunrise to sunset day, I, 171, 172; tar- iff, I, 443; ten-hour day, I, 311; trade agreement, I, 607; trades' union, I, 7, 358, 433; unionism, modern, I, 575, 613; II, 18, 20, 177.
Occupations: apprentices, I, 592; carpenters, I, 359; cigar mak- ers, I, 621; cigar makers, women, I, 343; construction gangs, I, 415; cordwainers, I, 442; cotton operatives, I, 111; engineers, locomotive, II, 62; house painters, I, 608; labour-
ers, city, I, 415, 416; machin- ists, II, 57; moulders, II, 49, 51, 52; printers, I, 448, 451, 580, 581; puddlers, I, 552; women, I, 354, 355, 442, 443. Theories: abolition, II, 295; An- drews, S. P., I, 518; collective bargaining, I, 603, 604; price- bargain and wage-bargain, I, 70; Steward, II, 89, 90, 303. Wage-work, Bücher's use of term, I, 33.
Walker, Amasa, and hours of la- bour, 11, 107.
Walker, Isaac P., I, 551, 558n, 561. Walker v. Cronin, and expectancy as property, II, 506.
Walking delegates, first, I, 126. Walls, H. J., I, 162, 176.
Walsh, Mike, I, 527, 528-530, 537, 561.
Walster, Otto, II, 232, 274, 278. Waltershausen, August Sartorius
von, cited, II, 310, 311, 312. Ward, Osborne, at Alleghany con- vention, II, 285. Warehouses, marketing agencies, I,
93, 94; co-operative, I, 95-99; development, I, 100; inade- quacy, I, 101.
Warren, Josiah, I, 17, 18, 96, 99, 494, 511; II, 138.
Weavers' Union, organised, I, 156. Weitling movement, programme, II,
Weitling, Wilhelm, I, 17, 512, 513, 514, 515, 566, 577.
Welch, William, Philadelphia cord- wainer, I, 60.
West, William, II, 210, 213. Western Federation of Miners, in-
dustrial union, II, 500.
Western Greenbottle Blowers' Na- tional Union, established, II, 313. Weydemeyer, Joseph, I, 617, 617n, 618; II, 204, 207, 227. Weydemeyer, Otto, II, 237, 270, 271, 302.
Whaley, J. C. C., II, 102, 112, 115, 116, 129. Wholesale jobber, appearance, II, 5; legal tender acts, II, 14; su- premacy, II, 359. Wholesale-order
period, building trades, I, 66; class struggle, I, 65, 66; markets, I, 61-63; mer- chant-capitalist follows, I, 103;
production, I, 71; retail-shop period, I, 61, 62.
Wilson, Charles, locomotive engi- neer, II, 63-68.
Window Glass Workers' Association, protest against contract immi- grant labour, II, 372. Windt, John, and George Henry Evans, I, 527.
Winn, A. M., II, 147, 148n, 149, 162.
Wisconsin eight-hour law, II, 108; greenbackism, II, 244, 248; People's Party, II, 462, 463; unions, 1864, II, 19.
Wolf, George, I, 459, 460. Wollstonecraft, Mary, in Lowell strike, I, 423.
Women in labour movement, at la- bour conventions, I, 555; II, 101, 127, 133, 277, 328, 330; competition, I, 339, 342, 343, 436, 437, 595; co-operation, I, 566; equal pay for equal work, II, 114; hours, I, 540, 542, 543; in factories, I, 156, 172-174, 422; organisation, I, 350, 351, 353, 355, 356, 443; II, 128, 328, 418; strikes, I, 418-423; trade union regulation, I, 596; wages, I, 344, 354.
See also, Anthony, Susan B.; Bag- ley, Sarah G.; Claflin, Tennes- see; McDonald, Mary; Parsons, Lucy; Putnam, Mary Kellogg; Stanton, Elizabeth Cady; Woll- stonecraft, Mary; Woodhull, Victoria; Wright, Frances. Woodhull, Victoria, suffragist, II, 210, 211.
Woodhull and Claflin's Weekly, or- gan American section of I. W. A., II, 211, 212. Workingmen's Advocate, The, char- acter, II, 16; on education, I, 250-252; Tammany, I, 270; trades' assembly supports, II,
Working Men's Party, Issues: agra-
rianism, I, 211-213, 271-273; banking system, I, 330; educa- tion, I, 251, 252, 274, 299, 300, 327, 328; imprisonment for debt, I, 328; in 1828, I, 216; in 1829, 1830, I, 217, 218-229, 274-284, 295-299; mechanics' liens, I, 329; tariff, I, 294, 295; woman's suffrage, I, 297.
Organisation: candidates, I, 203, 208, 209, 210; class alignment, I, 234; committee of fifty, I, 237, 238, 243, 244; conventions, I, 196, 197, 201, 263-265, 266; democracy, I, 331, 332; election strength, I, 198, 199, 203-216, 239-241, 266-269; growth, I, 195, 205, 206, 207, 223, 244, 246, 255-262; old parties, I, 199– 202, 210, 211.
See also, New England Working Men's Association. Workingmen's Party of California, conventions, II, 256, 257, 258; election strength, II, 259-262; end, II, 264; greenbackism, II,
263, 264; platform, II, 255; sand-lot meetings, II, 255, 256; split, II, 259, 260.
See also, Kearney, Denis. Workingmen's Party of the United States, factions, II, 271-274; or- ganisation, II, 271; political ac- tion, II, 270, 272, 277-290; strikes, II, 276, 277.
See also, Socialist Labor Party. Workingmen's Trade and Labor Union of San Francisco, organ- ised, II, 254.
Wright, Frances, I, 19, 213, 240, 240n, 250, 272, 284n, 293. Wright, James L., II, 25, 25n, 236, 243, 247.
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