Lyser, Gustav, II, 232, 233, 272, 281.
M

MacFarlane, Robert, and prison la-
bour, I, 492.

McBride, John, II, 199, 364, 513.
McCormick Harvester Company,
lockout, II, 392.

McDonald, Mary, II, 127, 129.
McDonnell, J. P., II, 222, 226, 271,

274, 280, 288, 302, 304, 306, 308.
McGlynn, Father, II, 453-461.
McGuire, P. J., II, 231n, 232, 235,

270, 271, 275, 279, 286, 302,
308n, 314n, 319, 325, 403, 404,
412, 418, 428, 442, 510n.
McLaughlin, William J., II, 138,
140, 142.

McMakin, John, II, 446, 454, 455,
457.

McNamara, dynamite case, II, 528.
McNeill, George E., I, 19; II, 92n,
138-142, 163, 165, 184.
Machinery, introduction, II, 44, 75,
358; in shoe industry, II, 76,
77.

See also, Bargaining Power; Com-
petition.

Machinists and Blacksmiths, Na-

tional Union of, apprenticeship,
II, 84; co-operation, II, 112;
depression, II, 9, 10; eight-hour
movement, II, 57, 58, 89, 95;
federation, II, 157; grievances,
II, 8; growth, II, 9, 20, 45, 47,
176; intellectual ascendency, II,
56; Knights of Labor, II, 200;
Labor Congress, 1866, II, 13;
national trades' assembly, II,
39; New York picketing bill, II,
23n; organised, II, 6, 9; Pitts-
burgh convention, 1861, II, 13;
revival, 1870, II, 58; strike
against Baldwin Locomotive
Works, II, 9.

Macune, Dr. C. W., II, 489, 491.
Maine, Charitable Mechanics Asso-

ciation, I, 79; Greenbackism, II,
245; monopoly grants, I, 40;
subsidised steel industry, I, 37;
ten-hour law, I, 54; unions,
1863-1864, II, 19.
Market, theories of Schmoller and

Bücher, I, 26, 27; versus pro-
duction theories, I, 26–29.
Markets, Extension of, Development:
causes, I, 6; canals, I, 438, 439;

Civil War, II, 22; colonial
period, I, 5, 6, 28; domestic
market propaganda, I, 73, 89,
91, 92; historical view, I, 6;
itinerant to custom-order stage,
I, 36, 37; railroads, I, 8, 153,
154, 439; II, 3-5, 61, 148, 358;
retail shop to wholesale-order
period, I, 61-63.
Influence: agriculture, I, 32, 33;
apprenticeship, II, 81; Califor-
nia industries, II, 148; class
antagonism, I, 26-28, 106; com-
petition, commodity, I, 440;
competition, labour, I, 440, 441;
II, 43, 44; contracts, I, 29; co-
operation, I, 95-100; export
trade, I, 149; locomotive engi-
neers, II, 61; merchant capital-
ist, I, 101-104, 338; moulders'
trade, II, 6; national trade
union, I, 441; production, I, 71;
typographical union, II, 58;
wholesale jobber, II, 359.
Marx, Karl, I, 20, 26-29, 44; II,
204, 205, 207, 214, 215.
Maryland, trade regulations, I, 4;
unions, 1863, 1864, II, 19.
Massachusetts, bread assize, I, 52,
55; bounties granted, I, 37, 38,
39, 43; child labour investiga-
tion, I, 331; Chinese labour, II,
149; Greenbackism, II, 246; lot-
tery conducted, I, 93; Mechan-
ics' Association, I, 73; monopo-
lies granted, I, 40; politics, I,
315-318; II, 92, 102, 138-144;
price regulation, I, 50-52; qual-
ity regulation, I, 47; ten-hour
movement, I, 546; unemploy-
ment, 1837, I, 457; unions, 1863,
1864, I, 19, 20; women cigar
makers, I, 343.

See also, Boston.
Masquerier, Lewis, I, 523, 531, 532,
547.

Master Mechanics' Benevolent Soci-
ety, benefits, I, 85.
Mazzini, Joseph, harmony of capital
and labour, II, 205.
Mechanics of Boston, Associated, I,
74.

Mechanics and Manufacturers, Asso-
ciation of, Providence, promote
inventions, I, 76, 77.
Mechanics and Tradesmen, General

Society of, I, 72; activities, I,
81; credit facilities, I, 89; in-

608

corporated, I, 84; letter to As-
sociated Mechanics of Boston,
I, 74.

Mechanics and Tradesmen of the
County of Kings, incorporation,
I, 86, 87.

Mechanics of Massachusetts, Asso-
ciation of, I, 73, 77.
Mechanics' Free Press, circulation,

I, 205; election results, I, 204,
213, 215; influence, I, 207, 210;
mechanics' lien law, I, 220, 280;
political action, I, 239; Work-
ingmen's Measures, I, 217, 218.
Mechanics' liens, I, 12; II, 324; agi-

tation, I, 220, 221, 279, 296, 297,
318; Knights of Labor, II, 336;
labour parties, I, 329.
Mechanics' Union of Trade Associa-
tions, I, 15; decline, I, 191, 192;
politics, I, 191; purposes, I, 190.
Merchants' Associations, and

em-

America,

tion of, II, 388.

States, National Federation of,
interstate agreement, II, 426;
organised, II, 425.

Miners' Benevolent and Protective
Association, II, 211.

Miners' National Association, and
Knights of Labor, II, 200.
Ming, Alexander, Sr., I, 240, 245.
Minimum Wage, demanded, I, 104,
117, 118; first strike for, I,

25.

Missouri, Greenbackism, II, 248;
unions, 1863, 1864, II, 19.
Mitchell, John, and education, I,
226.
Molders' International Union, Iron,
apprenticeship, II, 50, 84; bene-
fits, II, 175n; co-operation, II,
53-56; employers' associations,
II, 49; epitomizes labour move-
ment, II, 48; growth, II, 45,
46; Knights of Labor, II, 352n;
Labor Congress, 1866, II, 96;
lethargy of 1861, 1862, II, 14;
locals, II, 120; New York pick-
eting bill, II, 23n; organised,
II, 5, 7, 313; strikes, II, 51, 52,
56; war activities, II, 49; weak-
ness, II, 7.

Molly Maguires, Ancient Order of
Hibernians, II, 181, 187; "long
strike," II, 184, 185; McParlan,
James, II, 184; organised, II,
196; politics, II, 183; secrecy,
II, 201; trial, II, 185; violence,
II, 181, 183, 184n.

Monopoly, abolition demanded, I,
218, 219, 296, 298, 318, 458,
459; corporations, I, 458, 459;
grants, I, 40, 43, 44.

Moore, Ely, I, 20, 360, 367n, 369-
371, 394, 425, 461, 463.

Morgan, Thomas J., II, 279, 282,
283, 289, 387, 509.

Most, Johann, 293n, 294.
Muhlenberg, Henry A., I, 459, 460,
461.

Mule Spinners' Association, Na-
tional, at Cleveland convention,
1882, II, 326.

Murch, Thompson, II, 245, 249, 327,
329.

Musicians' Union, I, 8; similarity to
guilds, I, 55.

Mutual loans, by early protective
organisations, I, 81, 82.
Myers, Isaac I., Negro labour move-
ment, II, 137, 144, 145.

N

Napoleonic wars, depression follow
ing, I, 134-138.
National economy, I, 26, 27.
National Labor Congress, of 1874,
II, 196.

National Laborer, cited, I, 99; on

co-operation, I, 468.
National Labor Union, after 1870,

II, 153; Die Arbeiter Union af-
filiates, II, 223; Chinese ques-
tion, II, 149, 150; conventions,
II, 142, 153-155, 227; disinte-
gration, II, 155, 157; eight-
hour day, II, 87, 94, 142; green-
backism, II, 123, 224; immigra-
tion, II, 116-118; in 1867, II,
112; International Working-
men's Association, II, 86, 87,
131, 132, 206, 208, 209; labour
congresses, II, 96-102, 115-118,
125-130, 133, 134, 144-147;
Negro, II, 137; New England
Labour Reform League, II, 139;
organised, II, 86; political ac-
tion, II, 141, 145, 146; trade
unionism, II, 152; Sylvis, II,
130, 131; Trevellick, II, 137,
138.
National Party, demands, II, 245;

Greenback platform, II, 241;
organised, II, 244, 245.
National Reform Association, need

for organisation, I, 547.
See also, Industrial Congress.
National Socialist, policy, II, 280;

publication suspended, II, 281.
National Union Labor Party, order
of the Videttes, II, 469, 470;
organised, II, 465; political re-
sults, II, 466-470.
Neebe, Oscar, pardoned, II, 393.
Negro, anti-slavery agitation, I, 4,

12; labour problem, II, 114, 116,
118, 135, 619; organisation, II,
135, 136, 137, 145, 312; Repub-
lican party, II, 136, 145, 146.
Newark, Workingmen's Party Con-
vention, II, 277, 278.

New Democracy, platform, II, 210;
failure and reorganisation, II,
210, 211.

New England, banks, I, 348; child
labour, I, 320, 321; education,
I, 300, 321-324; greenbackism,
II, 245; ship-building, I, 309,
310; ten-hour movement, I, 325;

women in factories, I, 422;
workingmen's movement, I, 290-
293, 298, 299.

See also, Boston; Connecticut;
Massachusetts; New Hamp-
shire; Rhode Island; Vermont.
New England Association of Farm-
ers, Mechanics, and Other
Workingmen, aims, I, 306, 307,
318, 319; banking system, I,
319, 320; child labour, I, 320,
321; class lines, I, 304; conven-
tions, I, 308, 309, 312-315; edu-
cation, I, 183, 184, 321-324;
factory conditions, I, 305, 306,
320, 321, 331; organised, I, 302,
306, 314, 315; political action,
I, 309, 315; Thompsonville case,
I, 313; trades' unions, I, 314.
New England Boot and Shoe Last-
ers, established, II, 313.

New

England Labour Reform
League, convention, 1869, II,
138; eight-hour day, II, 139;
Proudhonism and the Intellec-
tuals, II, 139.

New England Society for the Pro-
motion of Manufactures and
Mechanic Arts, sales, I, 98.
New England Working Men's Asso-
ciation, 1844-1849, association-
ists control, I, 538; conventions,
I, 537-540; co-operation, I, 539;
political action, I, 539; ten-hour
day, I, 537-540.

New Hampshire, Greenbackism, II,
244; ten-hour law, I, 541; trade
restrictions, I, 39; unions, 1863,
1864, II, 19.

New Haven, labour party, II, 277;
trade restrictions, I, 39.

New Jersey, bounties, I, 39, 92; edu-
cation, 1835, I, 182; eight-hour
law, II, 107; lotteries, I, 93;
political action, I, 286; unions,
1863, 1864, II, 19.

New York, apprenticeship, I, 77,
78; bread assize, I, 52-54; Cen-
tral Labor Union, II, 441; city
assembly, I, 456; city industrial
congresses, I, 552, 553; commis-
sion stores, I, 94; conspiracy
cases, I, 164, 409, 410; coopers,
I, 56; corporations, I, 458; edu-
cation, I, 328; eight-hour day,
II, 108; employers' associations,
I, 402, 404; General Society of
Mechanics and Tradesmen, I, 72,

81; greenbackism, II, 240, 242,
246, 248; housing conditions, I,
490, 491; labour party, II, 277;
mechanics' liens, I, 329; militia
law, I, 330; politics in 1835, I,
461-465; printers, I, 50, 109,
112, 113, 133, 134, 580, 581;
prison reform, I, 346; unem-
ployment, I, 135, 457; rag
money, I, 349; rents, I, 349;
riots, I, 415, 416, 417; social-
ism, II, 282; social party, II,
207-209; state Workingmen's
Assembly, II, 211; strikes, I, 53,
54, 55, 110, 111, 157, 365, 382,
383, 395-397, 478-484, 576; II,
151, 178, 367n; ten hour bill, I,
542, 543; Trades and Labour
Council, II, 226; Trades' Union
Convention, I, 425, 430; union-
ism, I, 109, 337, 358, 363, 364,
366; II, 19, 20; United Labor
Party, II, 455; women organise,
I, 356.

See also, Cordwainers; New York

Journeymen; Typographical So-
ciety; Working Men's Party.
New York Amalgamated Trades and
Labor Union, enforced boycotts,
II, 311.

New Yorker Volkszeitung, green-
backism, II, 286, 287, 288;

Henry George, II, 451; social-
ism, II, 300, 449.

Nye Tid, Chicago socialist paper, II,
282; agitates against Green-
back compromise, II, 287.

P

Panics, see Industrial Cycles.
Parsons, Albert R., anarchist, II,
250n, 273, 279, 282, 283, 284n,
289, 291, 296, 302, 389, 390, 392-
394.

Parsons, Lucy E., and tramps, II,
389.

Paterson, cotton operatives' strike,
I, 418.

Patrons of Husbandry, II, 196.
Pennsylvania, banking reform, I,

330; bounties granted, I, 37, 38,
39, 42; cabinet makers, I, 99,
336, 337, 467; child labour, I,
331; education, I, 223-229, 328;
eight-hour law, II, 108; factory
workers, II, 375, 419, 420;
Franklin Institute, I, 78; green-
backism, II, 242, 244, 245, 247;
militia law, I, 221, 222; Molly
Maguires, II, 181-185; politics,
I, 195, 459-461; price regula-
tion, I, 50; ten-hour legislation,
I, 543; unions, II, 19, 20.
See also, Philadelphia; Working
Men's Party.

Pennsylvania Society to Encourage
Manufactures, I, 74; extends
credit, I, 91, 92; opens ware-
house, I, 94.

Peoples' Party, organised, II, 494;
platform, II, 509; trade unions,
II, 512.

People's Party of Erie, Pennsylva-
nia, organised, I, 207.

People's Party of Wisconsin, plat-
form, II, 462.

Personal Rights, against property
rights, I, 12.

Phelps, Alfred W., II, 113, 115, 118,
126.

Philadelphia, banks, I, 219n; cabinet

makers, I, 336, 337; carpenters,
I, 68, 78, 80-82, 84, 97, 118, 127,
128; commission stores, I, 94;
conventions, I, 214, 333, 434, 470,
471; II, 11, 209, 270; co-opera-
tion, I, 96, 97, 467-469; educa-
tion, I, 226, 227, 469; employ.
ers' associations, I, 402, 403;
greenbackism, II, 247; lotteries,
I, 93; marketing agency, I, 100;
population, I, 176n, 490; riots,
I, 407; strikes, I, 25, 69, 186-
189, 383, 389-392, 397-399, 399-
401, 417, 478-484, 576; trade

unionism, I, 109, 114, 169, 184,
189-191, 351, 352, 359, 363, 375;
II, 24-26, 277; unemployment,
I, 135; women organise, I, 343,
355.

See also, Cordwainers of Phila-

delphia.

Philadelphia Aurora, defends cord-
wainers, I, 142.
Philadelphia Domestic Society, I,
92; dividends, I, 99; opens
warehouse, I, 94.

and

Philadelphia Journeymen House
Painters' Association,
trades' assembly, II, 24.
Philadelphia Society of Master
Cordwainers, purpose, I, 132;
purpose changed. I, 133, 134.
Phillips, Thomas, II, 16, 39, 40,
110.

Phillips, Wendell, II, 88n, 102, 138,
140, 142, 143, 144n, 155.
Pinkerton detectives, strike breakers,
II, 186, 366, 415, 496, 497.
Pittsburgh, conventions, II, 292,
321-326, 333; labour party, II,
277.

Pittsburgh and Vicinity Manufac

turing Association, co-operative
marketing, I, 95; dividends, I,
99; sales, I, 98.

See also, Cordwainers of Pitts-
burgh.

Pittsburgh Manifesto of Interna-
tional Working People's Associ-
ation, II, 295.
Political Commonwealth, see New

Democracy.
Political Action, Beginning, I, 18.

Elections: 1830, I. 262-268,
287-289, 290–294; 1832, I. 269;
1836, 1837, I, 465, 466; 1866,
II, 102; 1876. II, 171; 1877, II,
273, 277, 279; 1878, II, 245,
246; 1879, II, 282-284: 1880,
II, 290; 1886. II, 462, 463;
1887, II, 466-470.
Issues: agrarianism, I, 531; anti-
monopoly, II, 168; Chinese, II,
260-262; class antagonism, I,
192, 193; eight-hour day, I,
103-109; financial reform, II,
142; greenbackism, II, 242, 243,
250; in 1828, I, 216; in 1830,
I, 217, 221-229; in 1877, I, 274-
284; in 1892, II, 518; land re-
form, I, 535; Lassalleanism, II,
227-234; religion, I, 272, 273;

Stewardism, II, 91; ten-hour
day, I, 537-539.
Massachusetts: 1833, 1834, I,
315-317; 1865, II, 92; 1869, II,
141, 142; 1876, II, 143, 144.
New Jersey, I, 287.

New York: 1829, I, 238-240;
1830, I. 232; 1835, I, 461-465;
1877, II, 242.

Ohio: II, 248.
Opinions: farmers' alliance, II,
489; Lassalle, II, 206; news-
papers, I, 144; Schilling, Rob-
ert, II, 163; socialist, II, 278,
279, 449; Walsh, I, 528.
Organised Labour: American Fed-
eration of Labor, II, 509, 529;
Central Labor Union, II, 444,
446; convention action, I, 558-
560; II, 99, 100, 129, 130, 153,
154, 155, 161, 238, 324, 327;
Crispins, II, 140, 153; Federa-
tion of Organised Trades, II,
463, 464; International Work-
ingmen's Association, II, 218,
219, 250; Knights of Labor, II,
341, 350-352, 488, 492-493; Me-
chanics' Union of Trade Associ-
ations, I, 191; Molly Maguires,
II, 183; National Labor Union,
II, 114; trade union, II, 152,
158, 317; trades' assemblies, II,
23, 38; trades' union, I, 361,
410, 411, 426.

Pennsylvania: 1828, I, 195, 459-
461; II, 247.
Philadelphia, II, 93.
Political Parties, anti-monopoly, II,

264; Equal Rights. I, 463–465;
Erie People's, I, 207, 208; Fe-
male Labor Reform Association,
I, 533; Independent Party,
Massachusetts. II, 141; Loco-
Foco Party, I, 462; National
Party of California, II, 255-
261; National Party of Ohio,
II, 241.

See also, Association of Working
People of New Castle County;
Citizens' Alliance; Greenback
Labor Party, National; Green-
back Party; Labor Party of
Illinois; Labor Party of New-
ark; League of Deliverance;
National Party; National Re-
form Association; National
Union Labor Party; New
Democracy; New England Asso-