141, 144; common law, I, 139,
146-149; injunctions, II, 502,
503, 505-509; legal issues, I,
139, 146; II, 504; public injury,
I, 146; unlawful means, I, 143-
145.

Legislation: II, 324; Clayton Act,
II, 532; in 1877, II, 191; incor-
poration of unions, II, 314; In-
terstate Commerce Act, II, 505;
New York law, II, 23n, 443;
Sherman Anti-trust Act, II,
505, 508, 509, 530.
Opinions: employers', I, 405;

la-

bours', I, 162, 299, 409, 410,
443; II, 276.

Constitution, federal, I, 4, 74, 75;
incorporation, II, 326; of 1787,
II, 7.

Contract immigrant labour, legisla-
tion, II, 373; protested, II, 372.
Convict labour, abolition demanded,

I, 282, 369n, 370n; competition,
I, 155, 339, 344-347, 443, 460,
491; introduction, I, 103; in-
vestigation, I, 369; labour, I,
432; II, 37.

Conzett, Conrad, II, 230, 230n, 270,
271, 281.

Cook, Noah, I, 243, 248, 260n.
Cooper, Peter, I, 19; II, 240, 271,

271n.

Co-operation, Endorsed: Cleveland

Congress, II, 161; Illinois La-
bor Party, II, 228, 230; Labor
Congress, 1866, II, 107; Labor
Congress, 1867, II, 118, 119;
New England Working Men's
Association, I, 539; New York
Industrial Congress, I, 555,
556; socialists, I, 14; II, 231,
237; Sovereigns of Industry,
II, 171-175; syndicalism, II,
297, 298; trades' assembly, II,
23, 37; trades' union, I, 378,
436.
Theories: Andrews, S. P., I,
518; banking reform, I, 510;
collective bargaining, II, 326;
Greeley's profit-sharing, I, 507;
Lassalle, II, 206; Owen, I, 549;
profit-sharing, I, 508; retalia-
tory, I, 127, 128; Rochdale plan,
II, 40, 110, 205; Schulze-De-
litzsch's system, II, 206, 223;
self employment, I, 128-130;
substitute for strikes, I, 466,
565, 566; voluntary, II, 302;

Weitling's bank of exchange, I,
18, 513, 514, 566.
Ventures: building associations,
I, 519-521, 574; coopers, II, 76,
435, 437n; credit, I, 97, 98;
Crispins, II, 79, 140, 141, 152,
153; distributive, I, 95-100,
508, 509, 571-573; II, 39; Euro-
pean, I, 99, 100; failure, I, 570,
573; II, 151, 437, 438; farmers,
II, 489-491; furniture company,
II, 438n; German, I, 567, 568;
II, 223n; in 1836, I, 467-469;
in 1868, II, 124; in eighties, II,
431, 433n; in New England, I,
573; iron workers, I, 565, 569;
II, 53-56; Knights of Labor, II,
335, 351, 352, 430-438; news-
paper publication, I, 371; need,
I, 10; II, 113; productive, I,
57, 58-60, 75, 76, 85, 98, 568;
II, 41, 53-56, 110-112; sec-
tional distribution, II, 434; sta-
tistics, II, 433; tailors, I, 353,
569.
Coopers' Union, International, ap-
prenticeship, II, 84; co-opera-
tion, II, 76; federation, II, 157;
Foran, II, 75; growth, II, 75,
176; machinery, II, 74; organ-
ised, II, 46, 75, 313; Schilling,
II, 76.
Cordwainers, apprenticeship, I, 341;
collective bargaining, II, 121,
122; closed shop, I, 130-132,
411, 598; competition, I, 58–60;
conspiracy, I, 65, 131, 138-152;
co-operation, I, 97, 99, 441-443,
467; courts, I, 134; employer
membership, I, 118, 120; mini-
mum wage demands, I, 117; or-
ganise, I, 109, 114; prices, I,

64.

Cordwainers of Baltimore, conspir-
acy case, I, 138, 139; union,
I, 114.
Cordwainers, New York Journey-
men, closed shop theory, I, 131,
132; conspiracy cases, I, 138,
140, 143, 144; employer mem-
bers expelled, I, 119, 120;
grievances, I, 352; members, I,
105; organise, I, 352; strikes,
I, 124, 126, 383; women shoe
binders, I, 383.
Cordwainers of Philadelphia, bene-
fits, I, 123, 125, 136; boycott, I,
130; collective bargaining, I,

Eight-Hour League, I, 92; Na-
tional Labor Party, II, 209;
National Labor Union, II, 113;
New York Assembly, II, 95;
New York convention, II, 330;
Pittsburgh convention, II, 238,
324; Rochester convention, II,
165; Social Party, II, 208; so-
cialists, II, 276; Workingmen's
Party of California, II, 258.
Legislation: congress, II, 104,
105; government employés, II,
124; Massachusetts, II, 105-
107;
President Johnson, II,

104; state, II, 105, 107-109.
Status: adoption, first instance

of, II, 87; bricklayers, II, 476,
478, 479n; brotherhoods win,-
II, 528; cabinet makers, II,
225; carpenters, II, 424n, 477n;
failure, causes for, II, 109, 110;
gains, II, 378, 384; Haymarket
bomb, II, 386; in 1878, II, 177;
soldiers, return of, II, 94;
strikes, II, 385, 418, 475, 476,
477.

Theories: employers' associations,

66

II, 30, 31; greenbackism versus,
II, 139, 140; make work, II,
479; Stewardism," II, 89-91,
303.
Emancipator, Milwaukee, socialist
organ, II, 275.

Emerson, Ralph W., individualism,
I, 494.

Employers' Associations, Attitude:

apprenticeship, II, 51; black-
list, I, 403; closed shop, I, 404;
conspiracy, I, 406-410; eight-
hour movement, II, 30,
66
31; ex-
clusive" agreements, II, 32;
Knights of Labor, II, 414; ma-
chinists, II, 56, 57; merchants'
associations, I, 132, 133; mould-
ers, II, 49; trade agreements,
II, 33; unionism, I, 133, 134;
II, 26, 27, 28, 44.
Organisation: central bodies, I,
403, 404; Boston Master Me-
chanics, II, 30; builders, II,
424; disintegration, II, 55; in
Michigan, II, 26-29; New York
Master Builders' Association,
II, 29, 30; Northwestern Pub-
lishers' Association, II, 61;
packers, II, 418; spread, I, 401,
402; stove manufacturers, II,
50-55.

English, William, I, 196n, 425, 426,
461.

Engineers, Machinists and Mill-

wrights, Amalgamated Society
of, Cleveland convention, II,
326; Pittsburgh convention, II,
321.
England, conspiracy laws, I, 125;
feudalism, I, 142; International
Workingmen's Association, II,
213, 215; textile workers, I,
111; trade unionists, II, 205.
Erie, Pennsylvania, People's Party,
I, 207.

Europe, co-operation, I, 99, 100;
guilds, I, 36; International
Workingmen's Associations, II,
215; socialists of, I, 18; social-
ists from, II, 196.

Evans, Chris, II, 403, 426.
Evans, George Henry, I, 5, 234, 237,
242, 243, 461, 522-524, 525,
527-531, 537, 559.

Factory Inspection, plank in state
labour party platform in New
York, II, 242.
Factory System, Brownson, I, 495;

condition, I, 320, 544; in New
England, I, 305, 306; in Pater-
son, I, 420, 421; opposition, I,
320, 321, 331, 428, 429; shoe
makers, II, 37; strikes, I, 418,
419, 420, 422, 423; trades'
union, I, 374, 418; women, I,
422.
Farmers' Alliance, Northern: activi-
ties, II, 489; Southern: co-op-
eration for legislative reform,
II, 490, 491; join Knights of
Labor, II, 491; organised, II,
488-490; programme, II, 492.
Farmers' and Laborers' Union of
America, organised, II, 488.
Farmer-consumer,
favours protec-

tion, I, 41.

of Labor, II, 397; organised,
II, 309, 318; political action,
II, 463, 464; trade unions, II,
327.

Fehrenbatch, John, II, 157, 159, 175,
176.

Fellenberg, Emmanuel von, school at
Hofwyl, I, 247, 328.

Ferral, John, I, 312n, 390-392, 427,
429, 430, 531.

Ferrell, Frank, United Labor Party,
II, 459.

Fielden, Samuel, Chicago anarchist,
Haymarket Square, II, 393,

394.

Financial System, Conditions: con-
traction of currency, II, 151;

co-operation, I, 97, 98, 510; II,
112; extension, I, 7, 91, 92, 101,
102; failures of banks, I, 454;
Andrew Jackson, I, 347, 348;
legal tender acts, II, 14, 15;
politics, II, 142; "rag" money,
I, 349.

Opinions: Junior Sons of '76, II,
201, 202; labour, I, 180, 181,
296, 297, 298, 318-320, 330,
459;
opposition, I, 220, 276,
277; Trades' Union, I, 435.
Reforms: abolition of national
banks, II, 209, 236; Beck's
ticket exchange, I, 511; Kel-
logg's, I, 519; Muhlenberg, I,
460; Proudhonism, II, 139;
Weitling's bank of exchange, I,
514.

Finch, John,

union, I, 358.
Fincher, Jonathan C., II, 7, 8, 15,
24, 25, 39, 56, 93, 97, 126, 128.
Fincher's Trades' Review, circula-
tion, II, 16; established, II, 15;
on co-operation, II, 110, 111; on
local unions, II, 17-21; on
moulder's organisation, II, 49;
on Rochdale plan, II, 40.
Fischer, Adolph, Chicago anarchist,
II, 393.

Fitzpatrick, P. F., II, 320, 412.
Foran, Martin A., cooper, I, 19; II,

75, 75n, 152, 157, 159, 176, 389,
463.
Ford, Ebenezer, and Working Men's
Party, I, 242, 255.

Foster, Frank, II, 327, 331.
Foster, W. A., II, 322, 324, 325,

principles, I, 496, 497; produc-
tion, I, 498, 499.

See also, Brisbane; Association.
Fourier, Charles, co-operative an-
archist, I, 17, 18; principles, I,
496, 497.

France, solidarisme, I, 17.
Franklin, Benjamin, establishes loan
fund for mechanics, I, 79, 80;
organised printers, I, 87.
Franklin Institute, industrial edu-
cation, I, 78.

French Revolution, effect on indus-
try, I, 134.

Frick, H. C., Homestead strike, II,
496, 497.

Furniture Workers' National Union,
established, II, 226, 313;
Knights of Labor, II, 398.

G

Gag law, threatened, II, 257, 258.
Garment Cutters' Union, opposed
Knights of Labor, II, 197.
Garrison, William Lloyd, slavery, I,
525.

Gary, Joseph E., Judge, trial of
anarchists, II, 393, 394.
George, Henry, I, 563; II, 446–454,
457-461, 469.

Georgia, legal day, I, 544; regulates
profits, I, 51.

German Social Democratic Work-
ingmen's Union, joins Interna-
tional, II, 209, 210.
German Workingmen's

Alliance,

programme, II, 204.
German Workingmen's Union, Gen-

eral, Lassallean programme, II,
207, 208; Social Party, II, 208,
209; Union in Germany, II, 208.
Germany, Franco-Prussian War and
socialism, II, 225; Interna-
tional Workingmen's Associa-
tion, II, 215.

Gibson, C. William, II, 102, 112, 115,
116, 126.

Gilchrist, Robert P., II, 10, 34, 145.
Gleicheit, Die, Austrian socialist's

organ, II, 221.

Gilmore, William, Trades' union
leader, I, 470.

Gold, discovery, I, 12.
Gompers, Samuel, II, 176, 306, 307,
321-329, 331, 347, 402, 409,
412, 458, 473, 478, 479, 485, 499,

500, 501, 510, 510n, 512, 512n,
514, 517, 531, 531n.

Gould, Jay, II, 369, 370, 384.
Government ownership, and Ameri-
can Federation of Labor, II,
509-511; of railroads advo-
cated, II, 228, 231, 276.
Granite Cutters' National Union,
Cleveland convention, 1882, II,
326; established, II, 313;
Pittsburgh convention, 1881, II,

321.

Greeley, Horace, I, 17, 170, 171, 500,
507, 533, 538, 544, 544n, 548,
570, 576, 577, 588, 604.
Green, General Duff, I, 342, 445,
448, 449.

Greenbackism, Conditions: depres-

sion, II, 122, 123, 170; prosper-
ity, II, 249.

In Labour Congresses: II, 119–
124, 128, 165, 245.

In Politics: California, II, 263;
congressional election of 1878,
II, 245, 246; democrats, II,
249;
"Greenback and Labor "
combination, II, 243; National
Nominating Convention, II,
250; New York, II, 242; Ohio,
II, 248; Pennsylvania, II, 247;
Pomeroy clubs, II, 246; West,
II, 244.

Theories: anarchism versus, II,
121; Douai, II, 224; Kellogg-
ism, II, 120; Proudhonism, II,
139; socialism versus, II, 196,
237-239, 285-290; trade union-
ism versus, II, 223.
Greenback Labor Party, National,

Butler campaign, II, 440; fail-
ure, II, 251; in 1882, II, 439,
440; in Pennsylvania, II, 242,
243; national convention, II,
285; organised, II, 241-247.
Greenback Party, 1874-1877, con-
ventions, II, 168-170; Peter
Cooper, II, 171; depression, II,
170; power, II, 196, 197.
Grottkau, Paul, II, 281, 287, 296,
387, 516.

Guilds, breaking up, I, 8; char-

ters, I, 46, 48; European, I, 77;
organisation, I, 7; revival of
principle, I, 492.

Gunton, George, II, 302n, 304.

H

Hague, The, Congress of Interna-

tional Workingmen's Associa-
tion, II, 213, 215.

Hales, John, London General Coun-
cil, II, 212, 213.

Hanna, Mark, trade agreement, II,
180.

Harding, William, II, 96, 99, 116,
119.

Hardy, Thomas, common law, I, 148.
Haskell, Burnette G., II, 298, 299.
Hat Finishers Union, established, II,
313.

Hatters of the City of Philadelphia,
I, 157.
Haymarket bomb, II, 392-394;
eight-hour strike, II, 386.
Hebrew Trades, United, and Knights
of Labor, II, 519; organised in
New York, II, 518.

Heighton, William, education, I,
226.

Hennebery, Thomas, at Pittsburgh
convention, II, 321, 323.
Herttell, Thomas, abolition of im-
prisonment for debt, I, 328, 329.
Hewitt, Abram S., campaign, II,
450-452.

Heywood, Ezra A., anarchist, II,
126, 138, 138n.

Hinchcliffe, John, II, 17, 97, 99, 103,
115, 126, 152, 170.

Hine, Lucius A., I, 533; II, 128.
Hinton, Richard, II, 314n, 455.
Historical periods, characterised, I,
11-13; philosophies, I, 13, 14.
Hobson, J. A., production theory, I,

28.

Hogan. Thomas, I, 360, 425, 434,
461.

Horseshoers' Union, established, II,
313.

Homestead movement, see Land Pol-
icy.
Homework,

Bücher's use of the
term, I, 33; merchant-capitalist
stage, I, 103.

Hours of Labour, bakers', I, 162;
Boston ship carpenters, I, 311,
312, 325; building trades, I,
188; carpenters, I, 69; in 1839,
I, 172; labour parties, I, 331;
National Trades' Union, I, 433,
536; New England Working
Men's Association, I, 537, 539;
printers, I, 118; public employ-
ment, I, 192, 393-395; public
opinion, I, 174, 175; strikes for
shorter, I, 158-162, 183, 186-