141, 144; common law, I, 139, 146-149; injunctions, II, 502, 503, 505-509; legal issues, I, 139, 146; II, 504; public injury, I, 146; unlawful means, I, 143- 145.
Legislation: II, 324; Clayton Act, II, 532; in 1877, II, 191; incor- poration of unions, II, 314; In- terstate Commerce Act, II, 505; New York law, II, 23n, 443; Sherman Anti-trust Act, II, 505, 508, 509, 530. Opinions: employers', I, 405;
bours', I, 162, 299, 409, 410, 443; II, 276.
Constitution, federal, I, 4, 74, 75; incorporation, II, 326; of 1787, II, 7.
Contract immigrant labour, legisla- tion, II, 373; protested, II, 372. Convict labour, abolition demanded,
I, 282, 369n, 370n; competition, I, 155, 339, 344-347, 443, 460, 491; introduction, I, 103; in- vestigation, I, 369; labour, I, 432; II, 37.
Conzett, Conrad, II, 230, 230n, 270, 271, 281.
Cook, Noah, I, 243, 248, 260n. Cooper, Peter, I, 19; II, 240, 271,
Co-operation, Endorsed: Cleveland
Congress, II, 161; Illinois La- bor Party, II, 228, 230; Labor Congress, 1866, II, 107; Labor Congress, 1867, II, 118, 119; New England Working Men's Association, I, 539; New York Industrial Congress, I, 555, 556; socialists, I, 14; II, 231, 237; Sovereigns of Industry, II, 171-175; syndicalism, II, 297, 298; trades' assembly, II, 23, 37; trades' union, I, 378, 436. Theories: Andrews, S. P., I, 518; banking reform, I, 510; collective bargaining, II, 326; Greeley's profit-sharing, I, 507; Lassalle, II, 206; Owen, I, 549; profit-sharing, I, 508; retalia- tory, I, 127, 128; Rochdale plan, II, 40, 110, 205; Schulze-De- litzsch's system, II, 206, 223; self employment, I, 128-130; substitute for strikes, I, 466, 565, 566; voluntary, II, 302;
Weitling's bank of exchange, I, 18, 513, 514, 566. Ventures: building associations, I, 519-521, 574; coopers, II, 76, 435, 437n; credit, I, 97, 98; Crispins, II, 79, 140, 141, 152, 153; distributive, I, 95-100, 508, 509, 571-573; II, 39; Euro- pean, I, 99, 100; failure, I, 570, 573; II, 151, 437, 438; farmers, II, 489-491; furniture company, II, 438n; German, I, 567, 568; II, 223n; in 1836, I, 467-469; in 1868, II, 124; in eighties, II, 431, 433n; in New England, I, 573; iron workers, I, 565, 569; II, 53-56; Knights of Labor, II, 335, 351, 352, 430-438; news- paper publication, I, 371; need, I, 10; II, 113; productive, I, 57, 58-60, 75, 76, 85, 98, 568; II, 41, 53-56, 110-112; sec- tional distribution, II, 434; sta- tistics, II, 433; tailors, I, 353, 569. Coopers' Union, International, ap- prenticeship, II, 84; co-opera- tion, II, 76; federation, II, 157; Foran, II, 75; growth, II, 75, 176; machinery, II, 74; organ- ised, II, 46, 75, 313; Schilling, II, 76. Cordwainers, apprenticeship, I, 341; collective bargaining, II, 121, 122; closed shop, I, 130-132, 411, 598; competition, I, 58–60; conspiracy, I, 65, 131, 138-152; co-operation, I, 97, 99, 441-443, 467; courts, I, 134; employer membership, I, 118, 120; mini- mum wage demands, I, 117; or- ganise, I, 109, 114; prices, I,
Cordwainers of Baltimore, conspir- acy case, I, 138, 139; union, I, 114. Cordwainers, New York Journey- men, closed shop theory, I, 131, 132; conspiracy cases, I, 138, 140, 143, 144; employer mem- bers expelled, I, 119, 120; grievances, I, 352; members, I, 105; organise, I, 352; strikes, I, 124, 126, 383; women shoe binders, I, 383. Cordwainers of Philadelphia, bene- fits, I, 123, 125, 136; boycott, I, 130; collective bargaining, I,
121, 122, 133; conspiracy case, I, 138-141; co-operation, I, 97, 99, 128-130; depression, I, 456; organise, I, 58, 109, 114, 132, 357; prices reduced, I, 65; strikes, I, 126, 376, 392, 398, 399. Cordwainers, Pittsburgh, appren- ticeship, I, 117; benefits, I, 123, 125; collective bargaining, I, 121; conspiracy cases, I, 138, 144-146; minimum wage de- mand, I, 117; prices regulated, I, 60, 64. Corrigan, Archbishop, single-tax, II, 456.
Cotton Mill Spinners' Union, estab- lished, II, 313.
Cox, Trench, cited, I, 91. Credit Societies, I, 81, 82.
Credit System, see Financial Sys-
labour's support, II, 11; provisions, II,
Cummings, Samuel P., II, 138, 140, 142, 145.
Curtis, Josiah, M.D., hours of la- bour, I, 541. Custom-order Stage, building trade,
I, 66; capital, I, 54; competi- tion, I, 44, 45; protective legis- lation, I, 46-48; transition from itinerant, I, 34-36.
Daily Evening Voice, II, 17; eight- hour day, II, 31; supported by trades' assembly, II, 24. Danbury Hatters, case, II, 530. Daniels, Newell, organised Knights of Saint Crispin, II, 77. Davis, John M., II, 199, 200, 202,
235, 243, 246, 493.
Davis, William M., cited, II, 195. Day, H. H., I, 19; II, 126, 153, 155, 169, 170.
Day, J. G., II, 254, 255n, 257. Debs, Eugene V., II, 500-503, 508. Delaware, militia law, I, 330, 331; political action, I, 287-289; po- litical demand, I, 299, 300; unions, 1863-1864, II, 19. Delaware Free Press, I, 288n. De Leon, Daniel, II, 455, 517, 519. Delnicke Listy, official labour organ, II, 278.
Education, children in factories, I,
182-184, 322; compulsory, II, 228, 229, 323, 324; Knights of Labor, II, 335, 441; labour de- mands, I, 223, 224, 296, 299- 301, 313, 318, 321-324, 327, 328, 427, 432, 470; opposition, I, 229, 230; Owen's plan, I, 247, 248, 249, 252, 273; Philadel- phia report, I, 226, 227, 228; public, I, 12, 170, 181, 182, 224, 258, 274, 286.
See also, Industrial Education. Eight-hour Day, Demanded: Amer-
ican Federation of Labor, II, 376, 377, 485; Boston Eight- Hour League, II, 140; Boston Labor Reform Association, I, 91; California labour, 1865, II, 147, 148; Central Labor Union, II, 391; Chicago Eight-Hour League, II, 250, 285, 286, 391, 392; Cleveland, convention, II, 324; eight-hour leagues, II, 95; Greenback Party, II, 250; Knights of Labor, II, 336, 378, 379, 485; Labor Congress, 1866, 1867, II, 95, 118; machin- ists, II, 57, 58; Massachusetts
Eight-Hour League, I, 92; Na- tional Labor Party, II, 209; National Labor Union, II, 113; New York Assembly, II, 95; New York convention, II, 330; Pittsburgh convention, II, 238, 324; Rochester convention, II, 165; Social Party, II, 208; so- cialists, II, 276; Workingmen's Party of California, II, 258. Legislation: congress, II, 104, 105; government employés, II, 124; Massachusetts, II, 105- 107; President Johnson, II,
104; state, II, 105, 107-109. Status: adoption, first instance
of, II, 87; bricklayers, II, 476, 478, 479n; brotherhoods win,- II, 528; cabinet makers, II, 225; carpenters, II, 424n, 477n; failure, causes for, II, 109, 110; gains, II, 378, 384; Haymarket bomb, II, 386; in 1878, II, 177; soldiers, return of, II, 94; strikes, II, 385, 418, 475, 476, 477.
Theories: employers' associations,
II, 30, 31; greenbackism versus, II, 139, 140; make work, II, 479; Stewardism," II, 89-91, 303. Emancipator, Milwaukee, socialist organ, II, 275.
Emerson, Ralph W., individualism, I, 494.
Employers' Associations, Attitude:
apprenticeship, II, 51; black- list, I, 403; closed shop, I, 404; conspiracy, I, 406-410; eight- hour movement, II, 30, 66 31; ex- clusive" agreements, II, 32; Knights of Labor, II, 414; ma- chinists, II, 56, 57; merchants' associations, I, 132, 133; mould- ers, II, 49; trade agreements, II, 33; unionism, I, 133, 134; II, 26, 27, 28, 44. Organisation: central bodies, I, 403, 404; Boston Master Me- chanics, II, 30; builders, II, 424; disintegration, II, 55; in Michigan, II, 26-29; New York Master Builders' Association, II, 29, 30; Northwestern Pub- lishers' Association, II, 61; packers, II, 418; spread, I, 401, 402; stove manufacturers, II, 50-55.
English, William, I, 196n, 425, 426, 461.
Engineers, Machinists and Mill-
wrights, Amalgamated Society of, Cleveland convention, II, 326; Pittsburgh convention, II, 321. England, conspiracy laws, I, 125; feudalism, I, 142; International Workingmen's Association, II, 213, 215; textile workers, I, 111; trade unionists, II, 205. Erie, Pennsylvania, People's Party, I, 207.
Europe, co-operation, I, 99, 100; guilds, I, 36; International Workingmen's Associations, II, 215; socialists of, I, 18; social- ists from, II, 196.
Evans, Chris, II, 403, 426. Evans, George Henry, I, 5, 234, 237, 242, 243, 461, 522-524, 525, 527-531, 537, 559.
Factory Inspection, plank in state labour party platform in New York, II, 242. Factory System, Brownson, I, 495;
condition, I, 320, 544; in New England, I, 305, 306; in Pater- son, I, 420, 421; opposition, I, 320, 321, 331, 428, 429; shoe makers, II, 37; strikes, I, 418, 419, 420, 422, 423; trades' union, I, 374, 418; women, I, 422. Farmers' Alliance, Northern: activi- ties, II, 489; Southern: co-op- eration for legislative reform, II, 490, 491; join Knights of Labor, II, 491; organised, II, 488-490; programme, II, 492. Farmers' and Laborers' Union of America, organised, II, 488. Farmer-consumer, favours protec-
of Labor, II, 397; organised, II, 309, 318; political action, II, 463, 464; trade unions, II, 327.
Fehrenbatch, John, II, 157, 159, 175, 176.
Fellenberg, Emmanuel von, school at Hofwyl, I, 247, 328.
Ferral, John, I, 312n, 390-392, 427, 429, 430, 531.
Ferrell, Frank, United Labor Party, II, 459.
Fielden, Samuel, Chicago anarchist, Haymarket Square, II, 393,
Financial System, Conditions: con- traction of currency, II, 151;
co-operation, I, 97, 98, 510; II, 112; extension, I, 7, 91, 92, 101, 102; failures of banks, I, 454; Andrew Jackson, I, 347, 348; legal tender acts, II, 14, 15; politics, II, 142; "rag" money, I, 349.
Opinions: Junior Sons of '76, II, 201, 202; labour, I, 180, 181, 296, 297, 298, 318-320, 330, 459; opposition, I, 220, 276, 277; Trades' Union, I, 435. Reforms: abolition of national banks, II, 209, 236; Beck's ticket exchange, I, 511; Kel- logg's, I, 519; Muhlenberg, I, 460; Proudhonism, II, 139; Weitling's bank of exchange, I, 514.
union, I, 358. Fincher, Jonathan C., II, 7, 8, 15, 24, 25, 39, 56, 93, 97, 126, 128. Fincher's Trades' Review, circula- tion, II, 16; established, II, 15; on co-operation, II, 110, 111; on local unions, II, 17-21; on moulder's organisation, II, 49; on Rochdale plan, II, 40. Fischer, Adolph, Chicago anarchist, II, 393.
Fitzpatrick, P. F., II, 320, 412. Foran, Martin A., cooper, I, 19; II,
75, 75n, 152, 157, 159, 176, 389, 463. Ford, Ebenezer, and Working Men's Party, I, 242, 255.
Foster, Frank, II, 327, 331. Foster, W. A., II, 322, 324, 325,
principles, I, 496, 497; produc- tion, I, 498, 499.
See also, Brisbane; Association. Fourier, Charles, co-operative an- archist, I, 17, 18; principles, I, 496, 497.
France, solidarisme, I, 17. Franklin, Benjamin, establishes loan fund for mechanics, I, 79, 80; organised printers, I, 87. Franklin Institute, industrial edu- cation, I, 78.
French Revolution, effect on indus- try, I, 134.
Frick, H. C., Homestead strike, II, 496, 497.
Furniture Workers' National Union, established, II, 226, 313; Knights of Labor, II, 398.
Gag law, threatened, II, 257, 258. Garment Cutters' Union, opposed Knights of Labor, II, 197. Garrison, William Lloyd, slavery, I, 525.
Gary, Joseph E., Judge, trial of anarchists, II, 393, 394. George, Henry, I, 563; II, 446–454, 457-461, 469.
Georgia, legal day, I, 544; regulates profits, I, 51.
German Social Democratic Work- ingmen's Union, joins Interna- tional, II, 209, 210. German Workingmen's
programme, II, 204. German Workingmen's Union, Gen-
eral, Lassallean programme, II, 207, 208; Social Party, II, 208, 209; Union in Germany, II, 208. Germany, Franco-Prussian War and socialism, II, 225; Interna- tional Workingmen's Associa- tion, II, 215.
Gibson, C. William, II, 102, 112, 115, 116, 126.
Gilchrist, Robert P., II, 10, 34, 145. Gleicheit, Die, Austrian socialist's
Gilmore, William, Trades' union leader, I, 470.
Gold, discovery, I, 12. Gompers, Samuel, II, 176, 306, 307, 321-329, 331, 347, 402, 409, 412, 458, 473, 478, 479, 485, 499,
500, 501, 510, 510n, 512, 512n, 514, 517, 531, 531n.
Gould, Jay, II, 369, 370, 384. Government ownership, and Ameri- can Federation of Labor, II, 509-511; of railroads advo- cated, II, 228, 231, 276. Granite Cutters' National Union, Cleveland convention, 1882, II, 326; established, II, 313; Pittsburgh convention, 1881, II,
Greeley, Horace, I, 17, 170, 171, 500, 507, 533, 538, 544, 544n, 548, 570, 576, 577, 588, 604. Green, General Duff, I, 342, 445, 448, 449.
Greenbackism, Conditions: depres-
sion, II, 122, 123, 170; prosper- ity, II, 249.
In Labour Congresses: II, 119– 124, 128, 165, 245.
In Politics: California, II, 263; congressional election of 1878, II, 245, 246; democrats, II, 249; "Greenback and Labor " combination, II, 243; National Nominating Convention, II, 250; New York, II, 242; Ohio, II, 248; Pennsylvania, II, 247; Pomeroy clubs, II, 246; West, II, 244.
Theories: anarchism versus, II, 121; Douai, II, 224; Kellogg- ism, II, 120; Proudhonism, II, 139; socialism versus, II, 196, 237-239, 285-290; trade union- ism versus, II, 223. Greenback Labor Party, National,
Butler campaign, II, 440; fail- ure, II, 251; in 1882, II, 439, 440; in Pennsylvania, II, 242, 243; national convention, II, 285; organised, II, 241-247. Greenback Party, 1874-1877, con- ventions, II, 168-170; Peter Cooper, II, 171; depression, II, 170; power, II, 196, 197. Grottkau, Paul, II, 281, 287, 296, 387, 516.
Guilds, breaking up, I, 8; char-
ters, I, 46, 48; European, I, 77; organisation, I, 7; revival of principle, I, 492.
Gunton, George, II, 302n, 304.
Hague, The, Congress of Interna-
tional Workingmen's Associa- tion, II, 213, 215.
Hales, John, London General Coun- cil, II, 212, 213.
Hanna, Mark, trade agreement, II, 180.
Harding, William, II, 96, 99, 116, 119.
Hardy, Thomas, common law, I, 148. Haskell, Burnette G., II, 298, 299. Hat Finishers Union, established, II, 313.
Hatters of the City of Philadelphia, I, 157. Haymarket bomb, II, 392-394; eight-hour strike, II, 386. Hebrew Trades, United, and Knights of Labor, II, 519; organised in New York, II, 518.
Heighton, William, education, I, 226.
Hennebery, Thomas, at Pittsburgh convention, II, 321, 323. Herttell, Thomas, abolition of im- prisonment for debt, I, 328, 329. Hewitt, Abram S., campaign, II, 450-452.
Heywood, Ezra A., anarchist, II, 126, 138, 138n.
Hinchcliffe, John, II, 17, 97, 99, 103, 115, 126, 152, 170.
Hine, Lucius A., I, 533; II, 128. Hinton, Richard, II, 314n, 455. Historical periods, characterised, I, 11-13; philosophies, I, 13, 14. Hobson, J. A., production theory, I,
Hogan. Thomas, I, 360, 425, 434, 461.
Horseshoers' Union, established, II, 313.
Homestead movement, see Land Pol- icy. Homework,
Bücher's use of the term, I, 33; merchant-capitalist stage, I, 103.
Hours of Labour, bakers', I, 162; Boston ship carpenters, I, 311, 312, 325; building trades, I, 188; carpenters, I, 69; in 1839, I, 172; labour parties, I, 331; National Trades' Union, I, 433, 536; New England Working Men's Association, I, 537, 539; printers, I, 118; public employ- ment, I, 192, 393-395; public opinion, I, 174, 175; strikes for shorter, I, 158-162, 183, 186-
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