1 47,165

2 1 4

34, 187

PRESIDENT of the United States. No person except a natural born 12
citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the
adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office
of President; neither shall any person be eligible to the
office who shall not have attained to the age of 35 years,
and been fourteen years a resident within the United States.
The several qualifications defined and discussed, notes
169, 170, 171.
PRESIDENT of the United States. In case of the removal of the
President from office, or of his death, resignation, or in-
ability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office,
the same shall devolve on the Vice-President; and the
Congress may, by law, provide for the case of removal,
death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and
Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as
President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the
disability be removed, or a President shall be elected

The acts of Congress for filling vacancies, n. 172, § 8, 9.
A list of the Vice-Presidents who have become Presi-
dents, n. 172, p. 170.

PRESIDENT of the United States. The President shall, at stated
times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall
neither be increased nor diminished during the period for
which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive
within that period any other emolument from the United
States, or any of them.

The amount of salary, n. 173.

PRESIDENT of the United States. Before he enter on the exe-
cution of his office, he shall take the following oath or af-
firmation :-" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will
faithfully execute the office of President of the United
States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, pro-
tect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.".
The only officer required to take this oath; what it
embraces, n. 174.
PRESIDENT of the United States. The President shall be com-
mander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United
States, and of the militia of the several States when
called into the actual service of the United States; he may
require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in
each of the executive departments, upon any subject re-
lating to the duties of their respective offices; and he
shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for
offenses against the United States, except in cases of im-
peachment...

Need not command in person. Extent of his powers,
n. 175. The practice as to opinions. Respecting depart-
ments, n. 176. Reprieves "defined, n. 177. "Pardons
defined and discussed. (See Pardon, n. 77.)

PRESIDENT of the United States. He shall have power, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make
treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present con-
cur; and he shall nominate, and, by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors,
other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the Supreme
Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose
appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and
which shall be established by law; but the Congress may
by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as

2 1 5

34, 169

2 1 6

34, 170

they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of
law, or in the heads of departments..

This advice, how given, n. 178. "Treaties defined, Id.
p. 175.
"Nominate" and "appoint" defined, n. 179.
"Ambassadors," defined, notes 180, 181. The effect of
these laws, n. 182. Power of removal, n. 184. The tenure of
office bill, n. 184, p. 179. (See Civil Office.)

PRESIDENT of the United States. The President shall have power
to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess
of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall
expire at the end of their next session..........

This power defined and discussed, notes 185, 186.
PRESIDENT of the United States. He shall, from time to time,
give to the Congress information of the state of the Union,
and recommend to their consideration such measures as
he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extra-
ordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of
them, and, in case of disagreement between them, with
respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them
to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive
ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take
care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall com-
mission all the officers of the United States

Mode of giving information, n. 187. Extra sessions,
n. 188. Extent of the power to take care, n. 189. The
power to commission, n. 190.

PRESIDENT of the United States. The President, Vice-President,
and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed
from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason,
bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors

PRESS.

History of the effort to impeach President Johnson,
n. 194. Cannot be impeached for political offenses merely,
n. 194, pp. 187-189. President to assign district commanders
in the rebel States, n. 286, p. 282. § 2. No execution_with-
out the approval of, Id. § 3. Law passed over the Presi-
dent's veto, p. 283. Copies of Constitutions to be sent to
the President, p. 285, § 5.

Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of
speech and of the press. Amendments.

Freedom defined, n. 246. Extent of the freedom of the
press, n. 247.

PRETENDED authority. Test oath in regard to it, n. 242, p. 251.
PRINCE. No person holding any office of profit or trust under the
United States, shall, without the consent of the Congress,
accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any
kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State...
"Office" defined, n. 151. The inhibition does not
extend to private citizens, n. 151, p. 153.

PRINCIPAL officer. The President may require the opinion, in
writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive
departments..

These principal officers are now the Secretaries of State,
War, Navy, Interior, Treasury, the Postmaster-General,
and Attorney-General, n. 176.

PRIVATE property. Nor shall private property be taken for public
use, without just compensation. Amendments..
Private property defined. It includes all private
property. It limits the general government, not the
States. It is a great principle of universal application.
Public use defined, n. 258. The compensation must not be
doubtful, n. 59. The questions how considered.
actual occupant of the public lands is entitled to compen-
sation, n. 59. Any destruction of property is included, n. 259.
PRIVILEGE of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended,
unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public
safety may require it..

The

"Privilege" critically defined, notes 140, 220. It is the
right to ask for the writ, not to grant it, n. 140.

PRIVILEGED order would destroy our form of government, n. 150.
PRIVILEGED. Senators and representatives shall, in all cases,

except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privi-
leged from arrest during their attendance at the session of
their respective houses, and in going to and returning
from the same......

Privilege defined and discussed, n. 3. It is the privilege
of the house also, n. 55. It extends not only to arrests,
but the service of civil summons, n. 58. When it com-
mences, n. 59. To whom it extends, n. 60. And for how
long, n. 57.

PRIVILEGES and immunities. The citizens of each State shall be
entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens
in the several States.

(See Citizens, n. 220.)

Privileges and immunities defined and discussed, n. 221.
They are in their nature fundamental, n. 221, p. 226.
Copied from the Articles of Confederation, Art. IV. p. 10.
The extent of the guaranty, n. 221, p. 226. Powers of
the State over the subject, Id. and n. 274. The exact ex-
tent defined, n. 222. The citizen cannot carry repugnant
laws into a State, n. 222, p. 229.

PROCEEDINGS. Each house may determine the rules of its pro-
ceedings

PROCEEDINGS. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings.

The object of the journal, n. 50.

PROCEEDINGS. Credit, proof, and effect of judicial proceedings of

States....

Judicial proceedings defined, n. 218. The effect of judg-
ments. (See Judgment, notes 218, 219.)

PROCESS of law. Nor shall any person be deprived of life, liberty,
or property, without due process of law. Amendments..
Due process of law defined, n. 257. Copied from
Magna Charta, Id. The clause is a restraint upon every
department of the government, n. 257, p. 261.

PROCESS. In all criminal prosecutions the accused to have com-
pulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor.
Amendments..

Compulsory process defined, n. 261.

PROCLAMATION. President Lincoln's, of April, 1861, in regard to
the war and blockade, n. 117. Suspending the writ of
habeas corpus, n. 141, p. 143. Proclaiming martial law,
Id. Declaring freedom to the slaves, n. 274, p. 278.
The effect of the emancipation proclamation upon notes
given for slaves, Id. When it took effect as to the slaves,
Id. The proclamation of the Queen of England acknowl-
edging the Confederates as belligerents, n 117. Of Presi-
dent Johnson as to the status of the Southern States,
notes 46, 274, 275, pp. 281, 282. Of William H. Seward, on
the 13th amendment, n. 274, p. 282. Proclamations ad-
mitting new States, n. 230, p. 287.

PROFIT. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend
farther than to removal from office, and disqualification to
hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under
the United States

This clause defined, n. 40.

PROFIT. No person holding an office of trust or profit under the
United States, shall be appointed an elector.

PROHIBITED powers. The powers not delegated to the United
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the
States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the
people. Amendments....

This prohibition discussed and compared with others,
notes 71, 138, 269, 274.

PROMOTE the general welfare. The Constitution established in
order to promote the general
This object defined, n. 11.
rate States Constitution, n. 5.

welfare, &c. Preamble.
Excluded from the Confede-
Discussed as a power, n. 80.

PROOF. Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in
which the acts, records, and judicial proceedings of States
shall be proved, and the effect thereof.

The acts prescribed upon the subject, n. 219, pp. 218,
221, 222. Judicial proceedings proved by the attestation
of the clerk and certificate of the judge; legislative acts
by the seal of the State, n. 219, p. 218. The effect dis-
cussed, n. 219. What the judge must certify, n. 219,
p. 219. The validity and effect defined, n. 219, p. 220. Re
cords not judicial, how proved, n. 219, p. 221, § 1. Law
extended to the territories, n. 219, p. 222, § 2.

PROPERTY of the United States. The Congress shall have power
to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations
respecting the territory, or other property belonging to
the United States....

Territory means property, n. 231, p. 238. Subject dis-
cussed, Id. Related to the territory then of the United
States, n. 231, p. 239. The Confederate States Constitu-
tion on the subject, n. 231, pp. 240, 241, § 2, 3. Property
defined, n. 232. Effect of the acquisition of territory
upon the inhabitants, n. 232.

PROPERTY or effects. The right of the people to be secure in their
effects against unreasonable searches or seizures shall not
be violated. Amendments.......

PROPERTY. Nor shall any person be deprived of life, liberty, or
property, without due process of law. Amendments ....
(See Process of Law, n. 257.)

PROPERTY. Nor shall private property be taken for public use
without just compensation. Amendments...

Private property defined, n. 258. Relates to all property;
copied from Magna Charta, n. 258. Public use defined, Id.
p. 262. (See Just Compensation, n. 259.)

PROPOSE amendinents. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of
both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amend-
ments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the
legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call
a convention for proposing amendments, &c..

All the amendments have been proposed to the legis-
latures, n. 236.

PROSECUTED. The judicial power of the United States shall not
be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, com-
menced or prosecuted against one of the United States by
citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any
foreign State. Amendments....

The object of this amendment, notes. 270, 271, 272.
PROSECUTIONS. Criminal prosecutions against persons.
Criminal.) Amendments.

See the subject discussed, notes 260–262.

(See

PROTECT the Constitution. The President of the United States
shall take an oath or affirmation to preserve, protect, and
defend the Constitution.

This constitutes him emphatically the protector of the
Constitution, n. 174. Protect is not in the test oath,

n. 242, p. 252.

PROTECT. The United States shall protect each State against in-
vasion ..

Invasion defined, notes 133, 234.

PROTECTOR. The President is the protector, guardian, and defender
of the Constitution, n. 174.

PROVIDE for the common defense. The Constitution established
in order to provide for the common defense, &c.
amble...

Pre-

Common defense defined, n. 10. Omitted in the Confed-
erate States Constitution, n. 5. Discussed as a power, n. 79.
PUBLIC acts, records, and judicial proceedings of States, to have
full faith and credit, &c ...

Public acts, records, and judicial proceedings defined,
n. 218. (See Judgments.)

PUBLIC danger. No State shall, without the consent of Congress,
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such immi-
nent danger as will not admit of delay.

See notes 162–164.

PUBLIC danger. (See War.) Amendments.

PUBLIC debt of the United States from the foundation of the gov-
ernment, n. 78, pp. 97–100.

PUBLIC debt. The validity of the, of the United States author-
ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pen-
sions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection
or rebellion, shail not be questioned. Amendments..... 14 4
This clause discussed, n. 282.

46, 280

PUBLIC ministers. (See Appointments-Ambassadors.).

(See Ambassadors, Public Ministers, and Consuls,
defined, n. 188.)

PUBLIC ministers. The President shall receive ambassadors and
other public ministers

PUBLIC money. (See Money.)

PUBLIC safety. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall
not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or
invasion, the public safety may require it..

(See Ilabeas Corpus, notes 140, 141, pp. 141-146.) When
the President need not obey a writ of habeas corpus,
n. 165.

PUBLIC Securities. All debts of the United States may be so
called, n. 84.

PUBLIC trust. No religious test shall ever be required as a quali-
fication to any office or public trust under the United
States.

PUBLIC use. Nor shall private property be taken for public use
without just compensation. Amendments.

"Public use" defined, n. 258, p. 262. (See "Private.
Property," n. 258.) "Just Compensation "defined,n. 259.
The compensation must be in money-constitutional cur-
rency, n. 259.

PUBLISH. The journal of each house shall be published from
time to time, except such parts as may in their judgment
require secrecy

(See Journal.)

PUBLISHED. A regular statement and account of the receipts and
expenditures of all public money shall be published from
time to time...

(See Accounts.)

PUNISHI. Each house of Congress may punish its members for
disorderly behavior...

The power to punish defined and discussed, n. 48. May
extend to others besides members. Sam Houston punished,
n. 48. Commanding generals to punish disturbers of the
peace and public criminals, n. 276, p. 282, § 4.

PUNISHMENT. Persons convicted on an impeachment shall, never-
theless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judg-
ment, and punishment, according to law.
PUNISHMENT. Congress shall have power to provide for the pun-
ishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin
of the United States...

Counterfeiting defined, n. 103. Claimed as an exclusive
power in Congress, n. 103.

PUNISHMENT. The Congress shall have power to declare the pun-

ishment of treason...........

The acts of Congress upon the subject, n. 217.

PUNISHMENTS. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive
fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Amendments..

Disfranchisement is not a cruel punishment, n. 266; nor
fine and imprisonment for a misdemeanor, Id. Cruel and
unusual not to be inflicted under the reconstruction laws,
n. 276, p. 282, § 4. Sentence of death not to be inflicted
without the approval of the President, Id.