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REQUIREMENTS.—The authorities of the School require, as a preliminary, that the candidates shall have passed the High School, or an equivalent examination. He must also enter into indentures with a Licentiate for two years and a half, during which time he must attend two full courses, of four months each, in the School of Dentistry.

EXAMINATIONS.-At the end of the first course of lectures he must pass an examination in Operative Dentistry; Mechanical Dentistry; Anatomy; Surgery; Physiology; Chemistry and Materia Medica. An infirmary furnishes subjects for practical work. This Examination constitutes the Primary. The Final Examination, leading to the Diploma of Licentiate of Dental Surgery (L.D.S.), embraces the same subjects treated more minutely. A further Diploma of Master of Dental Surgery (M.D.S.) is conferred, after thorough examination in the same subjects, but of a more advanced character, and the writing of a Thesis on some prescribed subject, on Licentiates of not less than five years' standing.

7. Women's Medical Colleges, Kingston and Toronto.

Although Colleges for the instruction and graduation of women in Medicine have long been in operation in Great Britain and the United States, the first step in that direction was not made in this Province until the year 1880, when the principle of co-education was attempted at the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Kingston. As this did not prove satisfactory, a School for Medical Education of women only was established in 1883. The City Council of Kingston placed at the disposal of the School apartments in the City Buildings, and by means of generous donations the School was placed upon a permanent basis. A similar School was established in Toronto the same year, and it is the aim of each to give all the students a thorough grounding in the scientific and practical rudiments of Medicine.

The Course of Lectures in each College is equivalent in all respects to the ordinary Winter Course delivered in other Medical Colleges and Schools. The requisites for graduation differ in no sense from what is required from the male students. Several have already graduated from the Kingston College; two of whom have gone as missionaries to India; the others have built up good practices, and one of them is a Professor in her Alma Mater. The College in Toronto has not been established long enough to send out any graduates.

Ontario Veterinary College, Toronto.

The Council of the Agricultural and Arts Association was by Act of Parliament empowered to establish a Veterinary College for the instruction of pupils by competent and approved teachers in the science and practice of the Veterinary art, and examine pupils in Anatomy, Physiology, Materia Medica, Therapeutics, Chemistry, and as to the breeding of domesticated animals; and upon proof to the satisfaction of the Council that such pupils possess the requisite qualifications, to grant Diplomas certifying that they are competent to practice as Veterinary Surgeons.

In 1862-1863 a course of lectures on Veterinary Medicine was given in connection with Professor Buckland's Agricultural Class. The course was attended principally by agricultural students. In 1866 three of them graduated. In 1869 part of the premises now occupied by the College was built by Dr. Andrew Smith, Principal of the School. The number in the class at present is about 270, and nearly one-half of that number came from the United

Five hundred and forty-six (546) students have graduated

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VI. BUSINESS COLLEGES.

OBJECT.―These Colleges are a practically useful feature in our educational system. They give a business training that can be best obtained in this special class of educational institutions. Their object is to fit young men and women for the various departments of mercantile life. The leading Business Colleges in this Province are located in Toronto (2), Hamilton (2), Belleville, Brockville, Kingston, Guelph, Chatham, Peterborough, London, Ottawa and Owen Sound.

COURSES OF STUDY.-These Colleges are all conducted upon a similar basis, and pursue somewhat analogous courses, though these are possibly more varied in some Colleges than in others. The following details of subjects taught will give an idea of the work carried on: Spelling, Dictation, Business Arithmetic, Mental Arithmetic, Penmanship, Business Correspondence, Business Paper, Commercial Law, Book-keeping, Business Department, comprising Buying, Selling, Correspondence, Banking, etc.; Telegraphy, Type-writing, Shorthand.

IX. MISCELLANEOUS INSTITUTIONS.

I. The Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory, Toronto. (Under the direction of the Dominion Government.)

In the year 1838 the British Association for the Advancement of Science, in a memorial addressed to Her Majesty's Government, solicited their attention to the expediency of extending, by means of fixed Observatories, the researches regarding the geographical distribution of magnetic forces, to certain stations of prominent magnetic interest within the limits of the British colonial dominion. Canada was named as one of the stations, and a further suggestion was made that the observations should include meteorological as well as magnetical phenomena, and that the stations might be placed under the superintendence of the Master-General and Board of Ordnance.

These suggestions, which were approved of also by the Royal Society, were acted upon, and Lieutenant Riddell, of the Royal Artillery, was sent out as the officer to take charge of the Canadian station. He examined several localities, and at last selected Toronto. A grant of two and a half acres of land was offered by the Council of the University of King's College, with the sole condition that the buildings to be erected should not be appropriated to any other purpose than that of an Observatory, and should revert to the College when the Observatory should be discontinued. The sanction of the Governor-General having been obtained in January, 1840, the building was begun in the spring, and ready for occupation in September. The Observatory is situated in latitude 43°39′25′′, and longitude 79°21′30′′ W., at a height

MISCELLANEOUS INSTITUTIONS.

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of 107.9 feet above the level of Lake Ontario, and of 342 feet above the level of the sea.

In 1841, on Lieut. Riddell's return to England, the Observatory was placed in charge of Lieut. Younghusband, who remained the Director until near the end of 1843, except for a few months, during which Lieut. Lefroy-now General Sir John Henry Lefroy, R.A., F.R.S., etc.—had charge.

In the year 1850 the Chief Superintendent of Education, the Rev. Dr. Ryerson, at the suggestion of Colonel Lefroy, R.A., submitted to the Government a plan for the establishment of meteorological stations throughout what was then known as Upper Canada, at every senior County Grammar School. In 1853 an Act was passed by the Legislature with the provision recommended. Delay having arisen in supplying the schools with reliable instruments, it was not until 1856 that observations were made at these stations. According to the original design there were thirty chief stations. These were subsequently reduced to ten. At present that number of High Schools report through the Education Department to the Observatory.

The magnetical observations at Toronto, under the auspices of the British Government, were brought to an end in the spring of 1853. Arrangements were shortly afterwards made by the Provincial Government, mainly at the prompting of the Council of the Canadian Institute, to resume the meteorological observations, and the duties were carried on under the guidance of the Professor of Natural Philosophy of University College, J. B. Cherriman, M.A., who continued in charge until the appointment of the late Director, G. T. Kingston, M.A., in the year 1855. The old Observatory was pulled down, and a new one erected on its site, in 1854. In 1880 the present Director, C. Carpmael, M.A., F.R.A.S., took charge, and under him great advances have been made. Foremost among these is the establishing of "Storm Signals," for warning shipping on the lakes and the seaboard of coming storms. The signals consist of a drum, a cone and a lantern, and by the varied position of these the warning is given. Besides these storm signals, which are displayed at the various ports, a code of "Harvest and Snow Signals" has been arranged, and by means of the signals-sun, moon and stars-farmers along the line of railway are warned concerning coming showers, etc. The messages are despatched from the Observatory to the local managers of the railways, and the shower signals are displayed on the moving trains. The daily papers are furnished with forecasts of the "Probabilities"; and below will be found a record of their correctness :

1885.

STORM SIGNAL SERVICE.

The Observatory was established in 1841. Value of building and site, $18.000; instruments, $10,000. The services, meteorological and magnetical, are

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2. Royal Military College, Kingston.

( Under the Direction of the Dominion Government.)

The primary object of the establishment of this College, which was opened on June 1st, 1876, was to secure such a complete military and scientific education to young men belonging to the country, as would qualify them to fill all the higher positions in the Canadian military service. At the same time, owing to the breadth and general scope of the Curriculum of Study the graduates are fitted equally for any civil business or profession, public or private.

The Course of Instruction covers four years. Part of this course is obligatory and part voluntary; the former embracing Mathematics, Fortification, Military Drawing, Military History, French or German, Elementary Chemistry, Geology, &c., Drawing (Freehand, Figure and Landscape), Drill (Infantry, Artillery, &c.;) while the voluntary subjects include Higher Mathematics, Higher Fortification, and Higher Chemistry, French or German (other than that taken in obligatory course), Architecture, Hydraulic Engineering.

The average number of graduates each year is about twenty, and of these four are granted commissions in the Imperial Army.

3. The Law Society of Upper Canada.

"The Law Society of Upper Canada was established in 1797 by the Act 37, Geo. III., cap. 13, which enabled the then practitioners of the Law to form themselves into a Society 'for the purpose of securing to the country and the profession a learned and honorable body to assist their fellow-subjects as occasion may require, and to support and maintain the Constitution of the Province.' By the same Act, the Judges of the Superior Courts were constituted visitors, with the authority to sanction such rules as they considered necessary for the good government of the Society. In 1822 the Society was incorporated by the Act 2, Geo. IV, cap. 5, and its functions vested in the Treasurer and Benchers for the time being, elected according to the By-laws of the Society. The Benchers sit in Convocation every Law Term, for the admission of Students and Barristers, and for other general business."-Hodgins' Canada Educational Directory.

The permanent seat of the Society is at Osgoode Hall, Toronto. The Society is composed of the Visitors; the Treasurer; the Benchers (ex-officio and elected); the Secretary, Sub-Treasurer, and Librarian. In the year 1881 a Law School, with a staff of four Lecturers, barristers-at-law, was established; the attendence at which on part of the students is voluntary. The Examinations consist of a Matriculation Examination; a Primary; an Intermediate, and a Final for Call to the Bar. Scholarships of the respective