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2. Queen's University, Kingston.

This educational institution, situated in Kingston, was originally the College of the "Presbyterian Church of Canada, in connection with the Church of Scotland." The members of the Presbyterian Church in Upper Canada began in 1835 to agitate in favor of the establishment of a Theological Seminary for the training of young men for the ministry. As no institution for Arts training, open on equal terms to all the public, was as yet available in the Province, the Synod of the Presbyterian Church took definite steps in 1839 for the founding of such an institution. A Provincial Charter was obtained in 1840, incorporating the University of Kingston; but this Act was subsequently annulled by the Imperial authorities, and in lieu of it a Royal Charter was granted in 1841, conferring on the institution the name of "Queen's College." The new College building is of stone, and was erected within the last ten years, mainly through the energy of the present Principal, the Very Rev. G. M. Grant, D.D. It is fully equipped with laboratories, museums, and a well-stocked library. In addition to these, the Kingston Astronomical Observatory, which had been built in 1855 by private subscription, aided by the City Corporation, was in 1861 conveyed by deed to the College, on condition that the College give, every year, a course of not fewer than six popular lectures on astronomy, open to the public. This Observatory is one of those which are connected with the Magnetical Service of the Dominion-the head-quarters of which are at Toronto. The other is at Montreal.

The Council.-This body consists of the Chancellor, the Trustees, twelve ministers of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, and fifteen laymen in full communion; the Senate, i.e., the Principal and all the Professors, and thirty-three members elected by the registered graduates.

Trustees.-At the time of the union between the different Presbyterian bodies of Canada, and of the formation of the "Presbyterian Church in Canada," Queen's University became, in 1874, by Act of Parliament, the College of that Church; the Board of Trustees was made self-perpetuating, instead of being appointed as heretofore by the Synod, and they were empowered to appoint a VicePrincipal to take the place and discharge the duties of the Principal in his absence.

Convocation and Council.-By this same Act Convocation was organized and a Council established, having power to pass by-laws for the registration of graduates, for the appointment of officers, and for the election of a Chancellor, who is elected by the Council if there is but one candidate; otherwise he is elected by the registered graduates and alumni.

Senatus.-The members of the Faculties of Theology and Arts form one Board, with the title "Senatus." This Board awards the scholarships and apportions the Bursary Fund.

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EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF ONTARIO.

Faculty Boards.-The Professors of each Faculty meet as a Board and administer the affairs of the Faculty.

Affiliated Institutions.-The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons and the Women's Medical College, both situated in Kingston, are affiliated with this University. Before this latter was established, the Medical Faculty of Queen's College (its forerunner, or predecessor) was the first to admit women (equally with men students) to the medical lectures of the College.

FACULTIES.-When the College opened in 1842 there were but two Faculties-Arts and Theology-to which the teaching work was confined. In the year 1854 the Faculty of Medicine was added, which afterwards (1866) became a separate corporation under the name of the "Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons. The Faculty of Law was added in the year 1860.

COURSE OF STUDY.-Arts-Classics, Mathematics, Mental and Moral Philosophy, Political Economy, Chemistry, Natural Science, History, Rhetoric, English Literature and Modern Languages. Medicine and Law-The usual courses as generally prescribed. Theology-The Inspiration and Authority of the Scriptures, Systematic Theology, the Pastoral Office, Homiletics, Hebrew and Chaldee, Apologetics, Biblical Criticism, Church History.

DEGREES.-A complete curriculum of study in these four Faculties, covering a period of four years, leads to the usual degrees-in Arts, B. A. and M.A.; in Law, of LL.B.; in Medicine, of M.D.; and in Theology, of B.D. The degree of D.Sc. is conferred on Masters of two years' standing who shall have taken first-class honors in any two departments of the honor course-Literature, Philosophy, Mathematics and Science. The honorary degrees of D.D. and and LL.D. are given for literary, scientific or professional distinction.

SCHOLARSHIPS. Of these there are two classes-in Arts and in Theology. In each class there are two kinds-matriculation and sessional examination scholarships; the former tenable during the first session, the latter during the following session.

BURSARIES.-Besides the scholarships-a few of which are close, i.e., tenable only by students having in view the ministry of the Presbyterian Church— there are Bursaries, which are awarded to Divinity students who have not obtained scholarships.

PRIZES.-The University prizes are money prizes for literary articles, essays, etc.

MEDALS.-Gold and silver medals are also awarded to successful candidates after examination in various subjects-Classics, Physics, Mathematics, etc.

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EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF ONTARIO.

3. University of Trinity College, Toronto.

The immediate cause of the founding of this College and University was the suppression, in 1849, of the Faculty of Divinity in King's College, now the University of Toronto. In consequence of this the Right Rev. J. Strachan, D.D., Bishop of Toronto, issued, in February, 1850, a pastoral appeal to members of the Church of England for funds to enable him to establish a Church University and College. In response to this pastoral liberal contributions were made in Canada, and additional aid was obtained from England by the venerable Bishop himself.

Incorporation. By a Provincial Act the College was, in 1851, constituted a corporate body; the Corporation consisting of the Bishop of Toronto and the Bishops of the various Dioceses into which the original Diocese of Toronto was divided, the Trustees of the College and the College Council.

Foundation and Inauguration.-The foundation of the College was laid on April 30th, 1851, and on the 15th of January, 1852, the inauguration took place, just ten years after the establishment of the Diocesan Theological College at Cobourg, which now became merged in Trinity College.

Royal Charter-On the 16th of July, 1852, the University was constituted by Royal Charter and was endowed with power to confer degrees in the several Arts and Faculties.

Faculties. At the time of the inauguration, the Faculties of Arts Divinity, Medicine and Law were instituted with Professors and a course of study in each. That of Music was added subsequently. The College Lectures now embrace the first two only, provision being made for University Examinations in the other Faculties.

Governing Body, or Corporation.-This body is composed of the Bishops of the five dioceses: Toronto, Huron, Ontario, Niagara, and Algoma; the Trustees of the College, three in number, who are elected by the Corporation and the Council of the College. The four Bishops, of Toronto, Huron, Ontario, and Niagara, each nominate four members, and each affiliated Institution nominates one member. Fifteen members are elected, eight by the same registered members of Convocation as elect the Chancellor, and the other seven by the Corporation.

Committees of Corporation.-These Committees are (1) The Land and Finance Committee; (2) the Committee on the Curriculum; (3) the Committee of Discipline. These Committees advise the Corporation on the Studies of the College and the Curriculum of the University, etc. On the recommendation of the Board of Studies in each department, they fix, from time to time, the selected uthors, subjects, etc.

UNIVERSITIES, ETC.. NOT UNDER PROVINCIAL CONTROL. 67

Boards of Study.-Each Faculty-Divinity; Arts, under the Departments "Litteræ Humaniores" and "Mathematics and Physical Science;" Law; Medicine; Music-has a Board which advises with the Curriculum Committee.

Convocation. This body consists of the Chancellor, the Provost, the Professors, all M.A.'s, and all graduates in Divinity, Law, and Medicine who, from the time of their admission to such degree, shall have paid annually the sum of five dollars for and towards the support and maintenance of the College. It meets twice a year; once for the granting of General Degrees and once for granting degrees in Medicine.

FELLOWSHIPS.-The Fellows are Graduates in Honors appointed and removed by the Corporation. They reside within the College, and teach in their specific department and assist in the maintenance of discipline within the College. No fellowship is tenable for a longer period than five years, but any fellow may be re-elected.

DEGREES.-Arts-In the Faculty of Arts, the Course of Study, as in the English Universities, extends over three years. University Examiners are appointed annually in the various departments of the different Faculties. Divinity and Classics, Latin and Greek, are compulsory subjects in each year. For women, who are now admitted to the various examinations and degrees in Arts, Music, and Medicine, alternative examinations have been provided in Arts, in which German or Italian may be substituted for Greek, and Harmony for Mathematics. Divinity and Music-The degrees of B.D. and D.D., as also those of Mus. Bac. and Mus. Doc., are conferred on Candidates after having passed a series of examinations in each subject. The degree of Licentiate in Theology is also conferred. Law-The degrees conferred in this Faculty are B.C.L., and D.C.L. By Statute this latter degree is the only Honorary Degree conferred by the University. Medicine-In this Faculty the degrees are M. B., M.D., and C.M. Candidates are required to have attended four years' Medical Lectures and Hospital Clinics, and to have passed two University Examinations and one Examination at a Medical School.

SCHOLARSHIPS.-Three Scholarships, of the value of $200, $140 and $100 respectively, are awarded for general proficiency at matriculation. At the end of the first year, two Scholarships, each of the value of $160, are given for Honors in Classics and Mathematics respectively, and three of $50 each for (1) Divinity and Hebrew; (2) Physical and Natural Science; (3) French and German.

A Bishop Strachan Jubilee Scholarship (founded to commemorate fifty years of ministerial labor) is awarded to the most deserving Bachelor of the year who intends to be a candidate for Holy Orders. Annual value $160, tenable for two years. There are also an Organist Scholarship, and a Cooper Exhibition open for competition.

PRIZES AND MEDALS.-Prizes in books are awarded to the Bachelors standing highest in Classical and Mathematical Honors in the Arts Course and for special subjects in the Theological Course. The Medals are the GovernorGeneral's Silver Medal; a Gold and a Silver Medal in Law; a Gold and a Silver Medal in Medicine.

EXAMINATION CENTRES.-Besides the Examination in Music at Hellmuth Ladies' College, Examinations in the Faculty of Music are conducted in London, England, and in the Faculty of Divinity, in Melbourne, Australia, on the same papers and at the same time as the Candidates who present themselves in Toronto.