48 EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF ONTARIO. V. TECHNICAL SCHOOLS. Under this head are included the following: 1. The School of Practical Science. 2. The Ontario School of Art. 3. The Agricultural College. I. The School of Practical Science. Prior to the year 1871 there was no institution in the Province for practical instruction in the industrial sciences. In 1870 the Government of the Province issued a commission to Dr. Hodgins, Deputy Superintendent of Education, and to Dr. Machatti, of London, directing them to proceed to the United States for the purpose of inspecting and reporting upon any Technical or Science Schools or Colleges there established, as to their buildings, departments of study and general appliances. On their return a Report was submitted to the Government, with full details as to the cost of the proposed institution. The Government acted upon the information contained in their Report, and with a grant of $50,000 established a "College of Technology" in Toronto. The location was found to be unfavorable, and the building defective. Consequently, in 1877, the Hon. Adam Crooks, Q.C., Minister of Education, had the building sold, and a suitable one was erected close to the Provincial University. In this way the services of four of the University Professors were engaged in the following Departments of the School, viz., Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Geology and Mineralogy, Natural History and Botany. The new building was opened for students in September, 1878. COURSE OF STUDY.-The course embraces three departments: 1. Engineering-Civil and Mining. 2. Assaying and Mining Geology. 3. Analytical and Applied Chemistry. SPECIAL COURSE.-A course in BIOLOGY, for the benefit mainly of Medical Students, is conducted partly by Lectures in University College, and partly by Practice in the School. The subjects of the former: Elementary Botany; Cryplogamic Botany; Zoology; Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrata. Of the latter: Elementary Practical Biology; Advanced Course; Specialized Course for Study of Vertebrate Anatomy; Histology. DIPLOMAS, ETC.-Diplomas are issued in each of the three Departments on a student's completing a regular course of three years. Certificates of attendance and standing are, on certain conditions, issued for any separate course or group of courses. In the Department of Engineering, the University of Toronto confers the Degree of C. E. on holders of the School's Diploma who have practised their Profession for three years after receiving such Diploma. PRIZES. -Books to the value of $45 are awarded as prizes in each year of the course. LABORATORY.-The Physical Laboratory is furnished with a large collection of apparatus for Lecture experiments in the Departments of Mechanics, Sound, Light and Heat. It is also well supplied with instruments for individual work in the same Departments. In addition, there are special laboratories which offer unusual facilities for conducting experiments in Sound and Heat. There is also a special Optical room. TECHNICAL SCHOOLS. 49 The LIBRARIES, MUSEUMS, ETC.-The Library of the School is well provided with works bearing upon the more technical parts of the regular courses. Library, Museums and Herbarium of the University of Toronto are open to regular students. 2. Ontario School of Art. In the year 1875 a deputation from the Ontario Society of Artists waited upon the Hon. Mr. Crooks, Treasurer of the Province, to represent the public benefit that would result if an Art School were established in connection with their Society. The result of their application was a grant of $1,000, with the condition that at the commencement the Society would give the tuition without remuneration. The School opened in October, 1876, under the management of a Council composed of the Provincial Treasurer and six representatives of the Society. In the course of a few years the School was removed to the Education Department buildings, so that the teachers-in-training in the Normal School might avail themselves of its advantages and the objects of Art in the museum, which had been collected in 1855-58 by the late Chief Superintendent with that special object in view. [Ed. Report, 1858.] arrangement was entered into between the Department and the Society, and classes were established specially adapted for mechanics, teachers, and Normal School students. The School opened in its new quarters on 10th October, 1882. After the fourth session, ending in April, 1884, the Society of Artists resigned its connection with the School of Art. It is now under the direction of the Minister of Education and is managed by a Superintendent. An Object of the School. The aim of the School is to prepare such teachers as may be required for teaching Industrial Drawing in Public and High Schools, Mechanics' Institutes, and Industrial Art Schools; also to provide Technical Instruction and Art Culture to persons employed in the various trades, manufactures, etc., requiring artistic skill. Students must pass the necessary Examinations in two of these subjects before they can be permitted to study in the advanced classes. Shading from Flat Examples. Outline Drawing from the "Round" | Descriptive Geometry and Typographi (Casts or Nature). SECOND, OR HIGH-GRADE A. Advanced Perspective. Shading from the "Round." Drawing from Flowers and objects of Machine Drawing. Natural History. SPECIAL SUBJECTS. Painting in Oil and Water Colors. Wood Engraving, including Pictorial Wood Carving. 50 EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF ONTARIO. CERTIFICATES.-A Proficiency Certificate is awarded for each subject. A Certificate, Grade B, entitling the holder to teach Drawing in High Schools, Model Schools, or Mechanics' Institutes, is awarded to a student who passes in all the subjects of the Primary Course. A Certificate, Grade A, is awarded to a student who passes in the first eight subjects of the Advanced Course. The holder is legally qualified to teach in an Art School. MEDALS. The Minister of Education presents a Gold Medal for the Advanced Course. Candidates must be bona fide students in regular attendance at the Ontario School of Art or the institution affiliated. A Bronze Medal is given for highest number of marks in Primary Grade B. A Bronze Medal is given to the student from a Mechanics' Institute who makes the highest marks in the same grade. Summer Sessions.-Free Industrial Drawing Classes have been established for the benefit of High and Public School teachers during each summer vacation. The course consists of Freehand Drawing from flat examples, Linear Perspective, Blackboard Drawing from memory, for Grade B; and of Twelve lessons each, Shading from flat examples, 20 lessons; Machine Drawing, 15 lessons; Drawing from Dictation, 10 lessons. Affiliation. Any college or private school may, for the purpose of taking the Departmental Examination, and with the consent of the Department, be affiliated with the Ontario School of Art. Several schools and colleges have already availed themselves of this privilege. Local Art Schools. By an Act passed in 1885, the Education Department was empowered to make regulations for the organization and management of local Art Schools; to prescribe a Curriculum of Studies for such schools, and, on examination, award Certificates valid in any municipality in the Province. THE EDUCATIONAL MUSEUM. In 1849 an Act was assented to, granting five hundred pounds per annum for the establishment and support of a School of Art and Design for Upper Canada. This fund was allowed to accumulate for several years, and, together with special grants, was expended in the purchase of a collection of objects of Art, which gradually increased so much in size that it became necessary to erect new school buildings and devote all the lecture rooms, etc., of the original Normal School building to the purposes of the museum. The original plan of having a School of Art and Design was not carried out until 1882. In the meantime the museum was thrown open free to the public every day, except Sundays, and students from the city having art tastes have the privilege of copying from the paintings, statuary, etc. As an indirect aid to Art the museum has been very valuable, and the students of the Ontario School of Art have access to its examples for the purposes f study. TECHNICAL SCHOOLS. 51 The museum is a source of attraction to visitors. It contains: 1. Plaster casts of Egyptian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Grecian and Roman statuary, antiquities. 2. Architectural sculpture, different periods. 3. Antique sculpture, statues, busts, etc. 4. Modern sculpture, statues, busts, etc. 5. Medallions and medals. 6. Bas-reliefs, 8. Photographs of prehistoric Egypt 9. 10. 7. Copies of paintings of Italian, Flemish, Dutch, German, French 11. and Spanish Schools. ian, Assyrian, Cyprian, Grecian, Etruscan, Roman, and other antiquities; illustrations of decorative art of different ages; views of cities; national historical portraits; British National Gallery paintings, ete., etc. Engravings; etchings; chromo lithographs, etc. British American collection of maps, 12. Electrotype reproductions. The museum also contains a large collection of philosophical apparatus suitable for schools and colleges. It is representative, on a small scale, of the South Kensington Museum; and duplicate copies of plaster casts, drawings, etc., are loaned to other Art Schools throughout the Province. 3. Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm. This Institution, established in 1874, is situated near the City of Guelph, in the centre of an extensive agricultural and noted stock-raising district. The Farm consists of 550 acres, about 400 of which are cleared. It is composed of almost every variety of soil, consequently it is well suited for the purpose of experimental farming. Objects. Its objects are: (1) To give a thorough mastery of the practice and theory of husbandry to young men of the Province engaged in, or intending to engage in, Agricultural or Horticultural pursuits; and (2) to conduct experiments tending to the solution of questions of material interest to the Agriculturists of the Province, and to publish the results from time to time. Matriculation.-The subjects are as follows: Reading, Writing and Dictation, English Grammar, Arithmetic-to the end of Simple Proportion; the outlines of General Geography, and the Geography of Canada. Tuition Fees.-Residents in Ontario, with one year's apprenticeship, $20 a year; without the apprenticeship, $30. Non-resident, with one year's apprenticeship, $50; without apprenticeship, $100 for the first year, and $50 for the second. The charge for board, etc., is two dollars and a half per week, washing extra. Labor.-All regular students are required to work in the outside departments-farm, live stock, garden, carpenter shop, and experiments, during the afternoon of every alternate day; and for one hour in the morning in the live stock department. This labor is paid for at a rate per hour, fixed by the Farm Superintendent, and the payments are credited on board accounts. I. Agriculture; II. Natural Science; III. Veterinary Science; IV. English, and Political Economy; V. Mathematics and Book-keeping. II. COURSE OF APPRENTICESHIP. In this Course there are five Departments, viz.:-1. The Farm Department; 2. The Live Stock; 3. The Horticultural; 4. The Mechanical; 5. The Experimental. The work is done by divisions, which work alternately in the afternoon and one hour in the morning with the live stock. SPECIAL CLASSES.-A special class is organized in the fall for such students as wish to devote a few months to the study of live stock and veterinary science. The members of this class spend half of every alternate day and an hour every morning in working among the live stock, and the rest of the time in study. The work done by this class is not paid for. A special silver medal is awarded to the best second year student on reaching a certain standard. DIPLOMAS.-Diplomas admitting to the status of "Associate of the Ontario Agricultural College" are granted on certain conditions. MEDALS. Three medals are offered for competition among the students of the second year—the gold medal, the first silver medal, the second silver medal. The examinations for these medals are both written and practical. VI. SCHOOLS FOR SPECIAL CLASSES. I. Ontario Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. In the year 1858, a Society was established in Toronto for the instruction of the Deaf and Dumb and of the Blind, the entire control being vested in a Superintendent under the direction of a Committee. The Course of Instruction, intellectual and mechanical, was under the guidance of a Master and Assistants, subject to the |