A shorter trip and one much esteemed is made by driving out from Bath Station on the New Brunswick Railway to the Miramichi and going as far either up or down stream as time will permit. Good salmon and trout fishing.

From Edmundston up the Madawaska thence to Beardsley Lake on the head of the Squa-took, and down through the Squa-took Lakes, the Toledi River, and Lake Temiscouta to the starting point, 80 miles. The fish taken are trout, white fish, and toledi, a large fish resembling a trout, but weighing sometimes as high as fifteen or twenty pounds.

Shorter excursions may be made on the streams above mentioned and on other streams.

In the St. John River itself many salmon are taken, as well as shad, gizzard fish, perch, and a variety of other small fish. Sturgeon are taken in large numbers in the lower part of the river, and are exported to the United States. These fish sometimes weigh over 250 pounds. The sturgeon fishery is of considerable importance.

For information as to fishery leases, times of sale and the like, address THE SURVEYOR-GENERAL, Fredericton, New Brunswick.

CHAPTER XVI.

MINERALS.

The dense forest which covers the greater part of New Brunswick renders a thorough geological exploration almost impossible, but enough has been ascertained to justify an expectation that the mineral resources may play an important part in the future of this Province.

The geological divisions of the province, as laid down by the Geographical Survey, and shown upon the last map are as follows:

Laurentine,

Limestone,

Pre Cambrian,

Cambro Silurian,

Dolerite,

Silurian,

Granite,

Devonian

Lower Carboniferous Laurentine,

Lower Carboniferous,

Middle Carboniferous,

Triassic.

Trachyte-Felsite.

The minerals known to exist in quantities which will pay for working are as follows:

COAL.

The Carboniferous formation of New Brunswick embraces an area of about 6,500 square miles, or parts of York, Sunbury, Queens, Kings, Westmorland, Albert, Kent, Northumberland and Gloucester, with several outliers in other counties. The only productive mines are those at Grand Lake-already referred to in the description of Queens County. The seam is a surface one, 22 inches thick and is known to extend over a very large area-probably at least 600 square miles. The coal is an excellent steam coal, very highly esteemed for blacksmiths' use, and is unequalled for coking.

The very remarkable mineral known as Albertite, the exact nature of which has been a source of dispute among scientists, was found in very considerable quantities in Albert County. It is a brittle, jet black, glossy mineral, free from smut. It burns readily and melts when exposed to heat under cover. Albertite is now regarded as a pure petroleum, and is of great commercial value; the probabilities of further discoveries of paying deposits are of great interest.

In Westmorland and Albert County petroleum springs abound.

The Albert shales yield from 35 to 50 gallons of oil fit for illuminating purposes to the ton. Owing to the abundance of petroleum these shales are not utilized, but it is not unlikely that they may come to possess a high commercial value.

ANTIMONY.

Antimony occurs in several places in New Brunswick, but the largest deposit is in Prince William, in York County, where it is found in very large quantities as sulphuret of

antimony. The quality of the ore is good, and there is more or less metallic Antimony mixed with it. This is one of the most important deposits of Antimony known to exis anywhere, paying deposits being very few in number.

MANGANESE

is widely distributed in New Brunswick. The best known deposits are at Shepody Mountain in Albert; near Sussex Vale in Kings; at Quaco in St. John and at Tete-a-Gouche in Gloucester. Mines have been opened at all these points.

IRON.

Numerous deposits of iron ore are known to exist in New Brunswick. The best known of these is the deposit of red hematite in Jacksontown, Carleton County, commonly known as the Woodstock Iron Mines. The iron produced from this ore is of a very superior quality, its "resistance" being remarkably high. Large quantities of this ore have been mined, smelted and exported, and it has been used in the manufacture of armor plates for the British Navy. The iron is somewhat brittle owing to the presence of phosphorous, but probably means could be found to remedy this objection. Throughout Carleton County large deposits of iron ore are found and they always occur in connection with limestone. Being in the heart of a country where there are thousands of acres of the finest hardwood forest, for the manufacture of charcoal, they afford the elements of a highly important industry.

Bog iron ore is very abundant in New Brunswick and is found in considerable quantities near the Grand Lake Coal Mines, but whether the deposit is large enough to warrant the erection of smelting works is not at present known.

Without expressing any opinion as to the probable future value of the New Brunswick deposits of iron ore, it is sufficient to say that the distribution of excellent ores is wide