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Estimated Number of Animals on Farms and Ranches, total value of each kind, and average price, January, 1891.

States and Territories.

Maine

N. Hampshire..
Vermont

Massachusetts.
Rhode Island..
Connecticut....

New York......
New Jersey..

Delaware..

Maryland

Virginia

N. Carolina....

8. Carolina..

Georgia..

Florida......
Alabama...
Mississippi
Louisiana'.
Texas...

Arkansas...
Tennessee.

W. Virginia..

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....100,654 893.238 9,383,976...172,430 826.408 4,552,152....157,386 823.948
52,926 86.90 .4,599,294...104,041 26.50...2,757,087 ..116,169 22.87....2,657,092
.84,353 79.03 .6,666,246...234,642 23.50...5,514,087 ..167,362 21.41 ..3,583,884
63,200 106.37...6,722,394...176,476 32.40...5,717,822

723,804

.96,799 26.33 ..2,548,136
.11,950 26.67 ......318,713

906,692....518,245

...449,502

9.17....4,123,061
8.90....3,774,258
9.59....2,837,033
8.89 62,444,260

[blocks in formation]

....55,965..3.73 ....20,433.4 06 ....45,824.4.13 ..5,288 896.42 509,882..1,393,583.3.81 ..9,406 117,11 .1.101,494)....100,075..3.95 24,021 104 69 2,514,778..1,039,502..3.71 ..4,184 111.05 ...464,654 .....22,517.3.58 13,623 104.56 .1,424,457....156,838..3.67 36,444 88.21....3,214,853 ....444,563..2.89 98,221, 88.94 .8,735,326....398,226..1.70 79,269 98.02....7.770,216.....98,970..1.82 ..157,257 95.97...15,092,208 ..383,017..1.72 12,350 91.49....1,129,894....111,455..1.83 ..143,258 89.45...12,815,875....274,788..1.56 ..186,614 85.10...15,880,261

..235,345..1.49

...208,470....67,208 ..83,009....13,796

.189,308 ..55,042 5,313,035...672,595 395,497 ..194,438 .3,858,631.1,157,613

.80,701....51,185 ...575,752...346,510 ..1,283,720...969,273

....180,125...670,652

..678,975.1,291,893

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. 10,258 107.13 ..1,098.980 ...24,281 33.00 .....801,273 .51,376 102.78 .5,280,652...134,897 32.00...4,316,704 ...101,122 28.64 ..2,896,129 ...640,253 93.45.59,831,051.1,536,849 27.21..41,817,661 .783,634 26.95 ..21,118,774 .97,257 10.77...9,898,090...185,328 34.00 .6,301,152 .65,820 28.06 ...1,846,867 Pennsylvania......570,515 91.04.51,937,861...919,892 26.67..24,533,520 ...835,222 22.71...18,965,976 23,000 87.32 ...2,008,360 ...29,543 24.50 ...26,866 21.17 ...568,627 ....126,394 0.14..10,129,235...143,244 25.00...3,581,100 ...124,788 20.15....2,514,164 ....243.753 72.95.17,781,396 277,477 21.69...6,018,476 419,523 16.63....6,976,457 ..146,518 78.25..11,464,957...266,712 17.50...4,667,460 ...390,446 11.12 ...4,343,440 .... 68,897 89.49...6,165,754...156,575 21.23...3,324,087....208,292 12.54....2,613,023 ....112.160 83.84...9,403,231 .351,072 18.10...6,354,403 ..569,200 9.87 ...5.618,573 34,737 71.40...2,480,361 ...54,951 16.50 8.78....4,815,620 ....133,457 73.64...9,828,262...308,687 15.90 ...4,908,123 ...135,284 66.15...8,948,373...306,142 15.90...4,745,201....424,188 .122,157 53.83...6,575,443...175,837 17.00...2,989,229....295,731 ..1,512,385 32.80.49,613,323...851,775 14.13..12,035,581..7,024,496 ....190.896 55.11..10,519,901...329,121 13.75...4,525,414....704,654 8.46....5,961,934....132,463 67.55....8,947,576....269,484.1.47 ...300,174 70.65.21,207,056...366,408 16.61...6,086,037 ...460,349 10.42....4,798,495 ...146,647 67.55 .9,905,641...181,738 22.50...4,089,105 ...286,538 18.32....5,248,402 ...394,483 74.39. 29,346,700...317,093 21.00...6,658,953....476,592 16.73....7,974,869 ...779,323 77.67..60,529,985...783,403 24.00..18,801,672....917,539 21.49...19,714,982 .472.633 81.18.38.366,437 .459,475 25.18.11,569,581....503,899 20.15...10,155,165 ...647, 550 78.35.50,735,543...608,378 21.50..13,080,127..1,053,627 18.07...19,041,149 ..1,123,973 70.48.79,214,809 1,093,922 22.00..24,066,284..1,765,385 17.92...31,628,292 ....433,442 73.27.31,757,833...694,826 21.50..14,938,759....845,429 16.28...13,761,979 ...390,835 76.06 .29,728,397.565,935 20.50..11,601,668....617,256 15.19 .9,377,356 ..1,095.300 70.05..76,726,750.1,278,612 18.75..23,973,975..2,680,247 17.55...47,038,341 ....805,564 57.81..46,573,503...812,828 17.00..13,818,076..1,819,122 15.07...27,412,175....237,000 65.94...15,627,401....898,650..2.42....2,173,834.4,586,400 .748,108 58.27.43,588,517...758,323 18.30..13,877,311..1,920,893 16.75...32,168,437 ...558,297 62.97..35,158,748...424,270 18.50...7,848,995..1,345,563 16.73...22,570,902 ...360,921 67.22..24,262,579 .282,059 29.00...8,179,711....558,244 17.73....9.895,321 ...181,236 47.44...8,598,230 ..102,040 28.50 .2,908,140 ..724,592 17.20...12,463,782 48,947 48.13...2,355,589 .16,559 31.00 513,329....317,498 15.46....4,909,789 ...124,052 53.75...6,667,661 ..62,285 28.11...1,750,831..1,017,465 15.77...16,046,133 31,037 45.00...1,396,665....16,790 27.50 461,725....725,004 14.00...10,150,056 .237,244 65.25..15,480,665 2:1,326 18.25 ...3,856,700 ...739,815 15.91...11,771,792 89,612 40.00...3,584,480 ..32,068 29.00 929,972....381,732 14.25....5,439,681 ....151,547 39.45...5,978,527 .34,005 28.67 974,923....932,697 15.27...14,242,293 387,120..1,341,856 11.01...14,771,151 .1,100,528....383,553 13.71....5,258,518 .3,404,185....443,257 20.97....9,293,106 ...429,165.1,096,101 13.47.. 14,766,681

Kentucky
Ohio
Michigan
Indiana...
Illinois
Wisconsin.
Minnesota

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95,733 83.04....7,949,274....113,931..1.60 .215,277 55.43...11,932,965..4,990,272..1.52 ..224,661 73.67...16,551,569....511,118.2.07....1,055,663.2,287,059 ...6,867 75.36......517,512....518,827..2.81 ..1,458,423...476,501 ..148,065 73.26...10,847,737....765,679.3.13 ...2,399,485.2,300 204 23,983 83.37 ....1,999,493..4,061,897..3.25...13,189,386.2,741,565 ...6,095 93.90 ....572,323..2,263,249..3.25 ..7,348,816.. 910,248 51,674 79.20....4,092,736..1,150,200..8.58 ..4,114,151.2,560,77% 94,554 75.96 ...7,182,792....770,993 ..3.19 ..2,456,769.4,944,258 ....6,359 86.30......548,797....889,910..2.92....2,597,114 .1,109,660 11,412 88.03 ...1,004,563....330,649.2.67 ....881,245.. 538,077 ..42,739 77.74....3,322,618....452,025..3.17....1,430,750.5,921,100 89,978 72.68 .6,539,343 ...447,079.2.25....1,007,046.3,144,324 45,792 79.55 43,659 79.41 ...3,647 62.69 ..1,777 68.61 4,800 83.67 ...2,055 60.00 17,016 86.50 ....1,738 51.00 ..1.838 53.01

[blocks in formation]

88,638....501,978.2.30....1,154,549....34,100

97,424..2,089,337..2.37 ...4,948,595....35,105 .452,421..3,123,663..1.69....5,268,057 ..24,858 ....177,397..2,055,900..2.47....5,070,261....47,641

....116,893....673,060..2.62 ...1,763,684...147,713

.....166,763.1,119,110.2.25....2,521,917....10,400

2,296,532 877.88 8178.847,370 43,431,136 82.50 8108,397,447 50,625,106 UNITED STATES PENSION STATISTICS.

Number of Pensioners on the Rolls, June 30, 1890, and Disbursements during that Year.
WAR OF WAR WITH
No. of
1812. MEXICO. Pensioners
on Rolle,
Widows. Survivors. Widows. June 30,

ARMY.

AGENCIES.

Invalids.

Widows,
etc.

NAVY.
Widows, Survi-
Invalide.

etc.

vors.

Days. Hours.
7....12

Columbus, O...
Indianapolis, Ind..

..43,478...11,179

[blocks in formation]

...40,052....8,715

Chicago, Ill..

...32,904...8,322..1,049

Topeka, Kan..

.34,332....6,437

FROM NEW YORK TO

Lima.............. .19....19

Liverpool

London.

Marseilles...........10..

Washington, D. C..
Des Moines, Ía.
Boston, Mass..
Buffalo, N. Y

Philadelphia, Pa..
Milwaukee, Wis.
Detroit, Mich.
New York, N. Y...
Knoxville, Tenn.

Pittsburg, Pa..

Louisville, Ky.

Jamaica

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Lisbon.......... .12..

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8....11

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Madeira..

8....15 ..15..

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Alabama
Alaska.
Arizona

Guatemala...

Constantinople......14...

Guadaloupe.

Hamburg.

Havana...

Havre...

Hayti..

Hong Kong

Honolulu.......

9.... 4

9......
9...
.18....13

9.... 6
4......
8....17

9...... .31.... 2 ..11.... 8

St. Thomas..

St. Petersburg..
Shanghai*.

Singapore.

Tokio

Sydney.

Valparaiso...

Vienna...

Via San Francisco.

32..
44....11
.34.... 3
24.... 6

.33.
10....18

Yokohama.......24......

Concord, N. H..

Augusta, Me.....
San Francisco, Cal..

Total...............

[blocks in formation]

392,809 104,456 5,274 2,460 413 8,610 17,158 6,764 537,944 8106,493,890 NUMBER OF .....1,645 Idaho... .9 Illinois..

PENSIONERS IN EACH STATE AND TERRITORY.

438

Washington .2,155

.392 Michigan....26,853 N. Carolina...1,772 Utah......... .39,943 Minnesota....9,259 N. Dakota....1,234 Vermont......7,541 ..233 Indiana .47,798 Mississippi...1,286 Ohio.....57,087 Virginia......3,886 Arkansas....4,032 Indian Ter.....574 Missouri.....23,749 Oklahoma......988 California...6,542 Iowa...... .23,189 Montana.......602 Oregon.......1,893 ..49,578 W. Virginia..7,207 Colorado.....2,745 Kansas. ...22,321 Nebraska.....9,531 Penn.... ...140 Rhode Island 2,298 Wisconsin...16,788 Connecticut .6,807 Kentucky...15,909 Nevada.... Delaware.....1,107 Louisiana....1,510 N. Hampshire.7,035 S. Carolina.....563 Wyoming......281 Dist. of Colo.4,548 Maine..... ..15,924 New Jersey...9,894 S. Dakota....3,617 Foreign coun 1,629 Florida.......1.014 Maryland.....5,159 New Mexico....381 Tennessee....9,680 Georgia......1,347) Mass.........21,897 New York...50,206 Texas....... .4,698 Gr'nd total.537,944

288 THE HILL BANKING SYSTEM-The United States Government to Own and Control All Banks.

The Banks Coducted by the People, for the People, in the Interest of the People; and not in Opposition to the People.

HE year 1890 was a season of great money scarcity, and yet it is said that certain railroad magnates, real estate millionaires and other great capitalists, doubled their fortunes during that twelvemonth. This is highly probable, as the money stringency of that period so thoroughly paralyzed business as to compel the hundreds of thousands, who could not get employment, to sell their properties at greatly reduced prices, the wealthy classes improving the opportunity to double and treble their possessions. Among the losers of that year were thousands of bank depositors, whose money passed into the hands of the immensely rich, through bank failures, only a partial list of those failures being here given:

State and Private Banks that Failed in 1890.

6. 1890, Bank of H. R. Pierson & Son, Albany, N. Y. State Bank of Irwin, Kan.

Jan.
Jan. 21,
Apr. 7,
Apr. 8,
Apr. 30,
May 22,
May 14,
May 13,

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Geo. K. Sistare's Sons, bankers, New York City, 8500,000.
Manhattan Bank, Manhattan. Kan., $561,000.

Bank of America and 12 branches, Philadelphia, $700,000.
Plattsburg Bank, Plattsburg, Mo.

J. F. Reynolds, New York City, 8300,000.

Bank of Middle Tennessee, Lebanon, Tenn.

Bank of Hartford, Hartford, Wis.

Potter, Lovell & Co., bankers, Boston, 85.000.000,

Gardner, Chase & Co., bankers, Boston. 82,000,000.

Bank of Madison, Jackson, Tenn., 8300,000.

Maverick Bank, San Antonio, Tex.

J. H. Haggerty & Co.'s Bank, Aberdeen, S. D.

Barker Brothers & Co., bankers. Philadelphin, $3,000,000.
Bank of Ragsdale & Co., Oklahoma, O. T.

Bank of Waverly, Waverly, Kan.

H. H. Bell, banker, Duluth, Minn., 8750.000.

B. K. Jamison & Co., bankers, Philadelphia, $1,000,000.
Delemeter & Co., bankers, Meadville, Pa., $400,000.
Franklin Bank, Clarksville, Tenn.

Maris & Smith, bankers, Philadelphia, $300,000.
Clearfield Co. Bank, Clearfield, Pa., 8350,000.

S. A. Kean & Co., Chicago.

Sanborn Co. Bank, Woonsocket, S. D.

Failures of National Banks in 1890.

Owego National Bank. Owego, N. Y.
Park National Bank, Chicago.

State National Bank. Wellington. Kan.
City National Bank, Hastings, Neb.

National Bank at Kingman. Kan.

First National Bank, of Alma, Kan.

American National Bank, Arkansas City, Kan.
Huron National Bank, Huron, S. D.

Spokane Falls National Bank, Washington.

After a careful investigation of the causes which produce hard times, the au hor of this volume prepared a series of articles for the press, in which he attributed the general and continued financial stringency to universal distrust of banks, the money of the country, which should be in the banks, being hidden and withdrawn from circulation. A further study of the subject satisfied the writer that no plan of legislation could be devised that would make money continuously abundant so long as the present system of banking continues; the banks of the country being established in the interest of private individuals, without bond or restrictions, and conducted solely for the benefit of the few whose interest it is to have money scarce, manipulate legislation, to maintain high rates of interest, and filch from the general public as much as possible.

The reason for this universal distrust of banks, and the general hiding of money is understood when we see the unreliabilty of our present banking system as revealed in the failures of a single year, Some of the banks we here enumerate going down owing their depositors and creditors $5,000,000.

It should be understood that a "National" bank is simply a private institution, conducted in the interest of the few stockholders and its few patrons. It differs from other banks only in that it is expected to lend some money to the government by buying a quantity of gov ernment bonds, which, deposited with the government, become security for paper money which the bank may issue. Thus, if the bank takes $50,000 worth of bonds, deposits the same with the United States Treasurer, the bank is allowed to issue 845,000 worth of bank bills, which are secured by the bonds deposited with the government.

In order to obtain the confidence of the public, it is understood that the financial condition of the bank is examined by a government bank inspector, but this inspection is simply a farce, as revealed herewith, the National" bank going into bankruptcy as readily as any other. In reality the bank company and the government, having conspired together to induce people to deposit money because of promised inspection, the government should be held responsible to depositors if the bank fails; but it is not responsible, the people know it, and hence the withdrawal of confidence from so-called National banks and all other banks.

From the facts thus revealed in the investigation of the present insecure banking system of the country, the author of this work formulated a plan of reform in banking, which has been generally commended throughout the United States. The Farmers' Voice of Chicago, in a highly eulogistic editorial, in espousal of the idea, named it the Hill Banking System, which is outlined in the following:

The Means By Which Money May Be Continually In Plentiful Supply at a Low Rate of Interest.

The following system of banking, for the people of the United States, is proposed as a means of preventing bank failures and putting money in abundant circulation at a low rate of in

terest:

That the government establish 3,000 banks, dis ributed at central points, being one bank for each 22,000 inhab tants, as general banks of deposit and loani g depositories; and that 40,000 postmasters, in back districts and villages where there are no banks, be authorized to receive money on deposit and send the same to the nearest loaning depositories. That the $1,600,000,000 supposed to be in circulation, but mostly hidden, and the 400 millions continually hidden will make $2,00,000,000 which will come out of its hiding places and into the banks as a capital with which to do business. This may be increased up to $5,000, 000,000 of annual deposits on which interest may be allowed at 3 per cent.

That the government oan money at 4 per cent on security worth, at conservative appraisement, twice the amount whien is loaned.

As all money paid out would come immediately back to the bank,it could be loaned over and over and probably would be, annually up to the amount of $20,000,000,000.

Allowing $60,000 yearly to defray the expense of conducting each bank, the total cost of yearly management of all banks would be 180 milions, amount expended as interest to depositors 150 milious, salaries of postmasters 80 millions. Total annual expense of government, operating its own banks, 410 millions of dollars. The interest on $20,000 000,000, at 3 per cent, would be 800 millions.410 millions taken from 00 millionswould tuus leave an annual profit to the government of 300 millions of dotars.

Of tuis 390 millions 100 millions could be annually expended in the construction of artificial lakes which in time would hold nearly all rainfall and thus prevent floods. The water thus heid would evaporate in the hot weather and, coming back in rains and dews, even y distributed over the country, would prevent drouth and electrical sto mis. of the large banking profit also 190 milions annually expended on the improvement of roads would in time boulevard every mgaway. The plan here proposed, giving absolute safety and interest to long time depositors, would bring every dollar from its hiding place to the bank, making money abundant; would allow reasonable interest to money lenders, would give the profits of banking to the people,

and would accommodate borrowers at a very low rate of interest. Would encourage the poor to acquire and save; and nearly all business being done by checks, money could not be burned, lost or stolen. There would be no more panics, hiding of money, nor derangement of business, the result of bank failures.

This system recognizes gold, silver, and government promises to pay, as representatives of wealth and as a basis of exchange throughout the world; agrees to continued mining, purchase of bullion, steady coinage and accumulation of coin in accord with the world's present idea of metallic currency; produces no sudden financial change which would unsettle values; would give ample bank facilities and protection to all, making postmasters in small towns, sub-agents; would, in fact, distribute money and keep it accessible to the people, where, like the even circulation of blood through the healthy body, it would be kept in constant beneficial use; a system of banking that would do injustice to no one class, but, on the contrary, through abundanes of money and low rates of interest, would immensely prosper and enrich the masses of the people.

Benefits Arising From Nationalizing the Banking System.

The government formerly charged 25 cents for carrying a letter. The profits, which were large, were given to the people, in the form of a reduction of charges to 10 cents, 5 cents, 3 cents, 2 cents. The income to the government, when money is loaned, over and over to 10 persons, at 4 per cent, would be 40 per cent. Should one per cent be charged, it would be a 10 per cent Interest to the government when borrowed by 10 persons.

With a uniform rate of interest prevailing, there would be no more unjust discrimination whereby the rich obtain money at a very low rate, while the poor in the large cities, and residents in newly settled States, though giving ample security, are compelled to pay an exorbitant interest.

How can the government pay 3 per cent and loan at 4 per cent? It is proposed by the Hill Banking System to pay interest only to the long-time depositor. To business people and all those who have accounts at the bank no interest is paid. Thus, where one person deposits in the average bank, money not to be removed for a long time, more than one hundred times this amount will be deposited by business pecple, who frequently borrow paying interest on their loans, while they receive no interest on their deposits. This system starts on a conservative, sound basis, borrows at 3 per cent, loans at 4, in the beginning, divides the profits with the people, and through the system of active accounts and many loans, will reduce the rates to a very low per cent.

According to estimate, there are $70,000,000,000 of wealth in the United States which should have its corresponding amount in money, which is simply a representative of wealth. Suppose there are $60,000,000,000 of wealth, and suppose our population to number $60,000,000, there should stand to the credit of the wealth of this country $60.000.000.000, which is $1,000 per capita. The government could safely loan $1 on every $2 worth of actual wealth. Thus there would be in the government banks what would be the same as $30,000,000,000, making $500 per capita in circulation; because.under the Hill Banking system, all the money of the country would be in the banks every night, and, if necessary, could be loaned and reloaned up to that amount; giving us twenty times more money than we have now,

OCCUPATIONS of PEOPLE in the UNITED STATES, from the LATEST OFFICIAL RETURNS.

[graphic][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed]

Number of Persons Engaged in Commerce, Agriculture, Mechanics, Transportation, Manufacturing, and the Professions. Compiled from Census Returns of 1890

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288B RECORDS of BEST ACHIEVEMENT in the DOMAIN of SPORTS and NECESSARY EMPLOYMENT.

[graphic]

Trials and Tests of Human and Animal Endurance in the Exercise of Speed and Strength.

For much data herein we are indebted to the New York Clipper and New York World Almanacs. Abbreviations used in this chapter:
d. means days; h., hours; m., minutes; s., seconds; ft., feet; in., inches.

Around the World.-In 67d. 13h. 3m., by Geo. Francis Train, who left Tacoma, Wash., at 5 A. M., March 18, 1890, going westward, from San Francisco, by way of Australia, making the circuit around the globe, returning through New York, arriving at Tacoma at 6:45 P. M., May 24, 1890.

In 72d. 6h. 10m. 58s., by Miss Nellie Bly, who sailed from New York at 9:40 A. M., November 14, 1889, going eastward, and returning by way of San Francisco, arriving at Jersey City at 3:31 P. M., January 25, 1890.

Base-Ball.-During 1897, the several clubs made the following records:

Boston won 90, lost 39; Baltimore won 90, lost 40; New York won 83, lost 48; Cincinnati won 76, lost 56; Cleveland won 69, lost 62; Washington won 61, lost 71; Brooklyn won 61, lost 71; Pittsburg won 60, lost 71; Chicago won 59, lost 73; Philadelphia won 55, lost 77; Louisville won 52, lost 78; St. Louis won 29, lost 102.

The season opened at Boston, April 19, 1897, and finished in the west on October 3, 1897.

Base-Ball Items.-Largest number of innings played-25, Fargo against Grand Forks, Devil's Lake, N. D., July 18, 1891.

Quickest played game-47m., Dayton against Ironton, Dayton, O., September 19, 1884.

Greatest distance ball thrown-406 ft. and in., by E. Crane, of the Boston Unions, at Cincinnati, O., October 12, 1884.

Largest number of games played by a club in any one season-188. by the Detroit Club, from March 11 to October 26, inclusive, 1887.

Largest number of games ever credited to a player in any one season-184, by S. L. Thompson, of the Detroit Club, in 1887.

The catcher's record of continuous games play. ed was broken in 1895 by Charles McGuire, of the Washington Club, who caught in every championship game.

Around the bases in 14% seconds, was the winning time made by Harry Berthrong, at Washington, in 1868, which is to date the best record.

Beard.-12 feet long, grown by Adam Kirpen, and exhibited at Chicago, Ill., in 1882.

Bicycling.-1 mile in 1 m. 35 2-5 s., by J. W. Stocks, at London, Eng., September 11, 1897. 5 miles in 8 m. 50 4-5 8., by J. W. Stocks, at London, Eng., September 11, 1897.

10 miles in 17 m. 47 1-5 s., by J. W. Stocks, at London, Eng., September 27, 1897.

25 miles in 45 m. 19 2-5 s., by J. W. Stocks, at London, Eng., September 27, 1897.

50 miles in 1 h. 34 m. 45 4-5 s.. by R. Palmer, at London, Eng., October 27, 1897.

100 miles in 3 h. 25 m. 21 4-5 s., by R. Palmer,

at London, Eng., October 27, 1897.

In 1 hour, 32 miles, 1,086 yards, by J. W. Stocks, at London, Eng,, September 27, 1897.

In 6 hours, 165 miles, 1,300 yards, by M. Cordang, at London, Eng., Sept. 15-16, 1897.

In 12 hours, 317 miles, 600 yards, by M. Cordang, at London, Eng., Sept. 15-16, 1897. In 24 hours, 616 miles, 340 yards, by M. Cordang, at London, Eng., Sept. 15-16, 1897. 89 miles and 872 yards in 4 hours, by A. V. Linton, at London, Eng., October 21, 1893.

107 miles and 200 yards in 5 hours, by Carl Schwemmer, at London, Eng., October 7, 1893.

126 miles and 1,560 yards in 5 hours, by Carl Schwemmer, at London, Eng., October 7, 1893. 163 miles and 1,660 yards in 8 hours, by C. E. Wridgeway, at London, Eng., October 7, 1893.

181 miles and 185 yards in 9 hours, by F. W. Allard, at Paris, France, September 24, 1893.

199 miles and 1,200 yards in 10 hours, by A. V. Linton, at London, Eng., October 7, 1893.

Billiards.-Highest run on record, 1.531, on a 5x10 table, by Macrice Vignaux, at Paris, April 10-14, 1880, against George F. Slosson.

Cushion Carroms.-Highest run-77, on a 5x10 table, by William Sexton, at Tammany Hall, New York, December 19, 1881, against Jacob Schaefer. Best average-10 in 200 points, on a 5x10 table, by Jacob Schaefer, at Chicago, November 10, 1887.

Balk-Line Game.-Highest run at the 8-inch balk-line game, 329, on a 5x10 table, by Maurice Vignaux, at Paris, January, 1884.

Highest run at the 14-inch balk-line game-230, on a 5x10 table, by Jacob Schaefer, at Cosmopolitan Hall, New York, March 8-13, 1886, against Vignaux.

May 21, 1892, at Chicago. Frank C. Ives defeated George Slosson, 14-inch balk-line game for $500 a side and the championship trophy. Scores: Ives, 800; Slosson, 488. Averages: Ives, 26%; Slosson, 16 4-19. Best runs: Ives, 124; Slosson, 120.

March 21, 1895, at Chicago Athletic Association, Chicago, Ill. Champion C. E. Ellison, 300. E. L. Milburn, 213. Best run by winner 34. Best run by loser 23.

Boat Racing.-3 miles in 14m. 27%s. is the best time on record to date, and was made by the Cornell University crew, defeating University of Pennsylvania by six lengths, and Columbia by thirteen lengths, at New London, Conn., June 25, 1891; boats being eight-oared shells, eight contestants being in the race from each of the above-mentioned universities.

For several years the Harvard and Yale "eights"-being eight picked athletes from each college-have rowed annually, at New London, Conn., a distance of four miles straight, these contests exciting great interest and attracting many thousands of spectators. The dates of race, name and time made by winning crew, for the past four years, are as follows:

4 miles in 20m. 48s., by Yale, July 1, 1892. 4 miles in 25m. 1s., by Yale, June 30, 1893. 4 miles in 22m. 47s., by Yale, June 28, 1894. 4 miles in 21m. 30s., by Yale, June 28, 1895. 2 miles in 9m. 41s. was the time made by the "eight" Columbia Freshmen, defeating the Yale and Harvard Freshmen "eights," at New London, Conn., June 24, 1891.

3 miles in 14m. 2748. breaks the record to date; this time being made by Cornell crew of eight, defeating University of Pennsylvania and Columbia, each having the same number of oarsmen, at New London, Conn., June 25, 1891.

During the past forty years the Oxford and Cambridge University, in England, sending eight men each, have had an annual boat race, usually from Putney to Mortlake, a distance of about four miles. During the last six years, the date of race, name and time of winners have been as follows:

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March 20, 1890. March 21, 1891. April 9, 1892. March 22, 1893. March 17, 1894. March 30, 1895. March 28, 1896. Boat Rowing.-1 mile 4m. 238., J. Stansbury, straightaway, Thames River, Eng., July 11, 1896. 2 miles in 11m. 20s., by J. Tyler, on Hudson River, June 24. 1868.

4 miles in 20m. 01s., by

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3 miles in 19m. 23s., by E. Hanlan, on Lake Quinsigamond, Mass.. August 14, 1886.

4 miles in 27m. 574s., by E. Hanlan, at Ogdensburg, N. Y., July 28, 1883.

5 miles in 33m. 56s., by E. Hanlan, at Chautauqua Lake, N. Y., October 16, 1879.

2 miles in 12m. 20%s., by J. A. Riley, with pair-oared sculls, on Greenwood Lake, N. Y. October 9, 1870.

2 miles in 10m. 10s., by D. G. Bartlett, G. Gibbs and J. Glecker, with pair-oared sculls, on Passaic River, May 30, 1890.

Copyright by Thos. E. Hill, 1892.

3 miles in 20m. 28s., by J. Faulkner and P. Regan, with pair-oared scalls, at Philadelphia, Pa., September 5, 1876.

5 miles in 32m. 1s., by John and Barney Biglin, with pair-oared sculls, at Philadelphia, Pa., May 20, 1872.

1 mile in 5m. 55s., by J. Smith and J. C. Hayes, with double sculls, on Harlem River, September 9, 1885.

2 miles, in 12m. 16s., by F. E. Yates and C. E. Courtney, on Saratoga Lake, August 8, 1876. 3 miles in 17m. 57s., by P. H. Conley and C. E. Courtney, with double sculls, near Albany, N. Y., August 20, 1885.

1 mile in 4m. 51s., by the Argonauta Rowing Association, with four-oared shells, on Kill von Kull, September 1, 1883.

1 mile in 5m. 48., by Columbia College Boat Club, with eight-oared shells, on Harlem River, June 1, 1883.

Bricklaying.-162 bricks laid in 2m. 30s., by Frank Stoewahs, using trowel and putting in cross joints, at Chicago, Ill., October 12, 1887.

Brickmaking.-922 bricks made in 55m., by John Watkins, assisted by two off-bearers and a wheeler, in a match with A. Dennis, Baltimore, Md., October 12, 1885.

Butchering.-Bullock dressed in 3m., 40s., go-as-you-please style, by John Malone, at Chicago, Ill., August 18, 1883.

Bullock dressed in 4m. 29s., in market style, by Walter Dennison, at Chicago, Ill., August 18, 1883.

10 sheep dressed in 33m., by P. Fitzgerald, at Newark, N. J., September 15, 1883.

25 sheep dressed and ready for market in 1h. 26m., by H. O'Brien, having assistants to kill and hand sheep in to rink, near Newark, N. J., September 14, 1880.

200 chickens dressed for market in 44m., by Geo. A. Fisher, at Detroit, Mich., August 15, 1886.

Club Swinging.-Continuously for 7 hours, averaging 70 swings per minute, by Homer W. Crawford, with Indian clubs, weighing 10 lbs. each, at New Lisbon, O., March 12, 1891.

Club swinging continuously for 8h. 3m., by Byron E. Butler, with Indian clubs, each weighing 31 lbs., at Bad Axe, Mich., July 15, 1891.

Swung 100 combinations, doing each combina tion four times, in 23m. 258., by W. W. Dudley, at New Haven, Conn., January 7, 1885.

Swung 386 different movements and combinations, making 2,311 revolutions of the clubs, in 16m. 15s., without a break or point against him, by E. W. Morgan, with Indian clubs, weighing 4 lbs. each, at Paterson, N. J., February 6, 1888.

Coaching.-107 miles in 7h. 50m., by James Selby, who drove the Old Times coach from White Horse Cellars, London, to Brighton, Eng., and back, June 8, 1888.

Coasting.-1,975 ft. in 47%s., by bob-sled, Tammany Hall, flying start, at Madison Avenue, Albany, N. Y., February 14, 1887.

Corn Husking.-140 bushels of corn in 10 hours, by Samuel Loop, for a wager, at McKees port, Pa., November 26, 1887.

Cricket.-1895. Seven clubs played in the vicinity of New York, twelve games during the season, making the following record in scale of 1,000: Paterson 1,000; New Jersey, A. C. 700; Harlem. 666; King's County, 545; Columbia, 363; St. George's, A. C. 181; Metropolitan, 100.

The largest total in one inning-922 runs, Melbourne, Australia, Feb. 8, 1596.

The highest individual score ever made in any

RECORDS of BEST ACHIEVEMENT in SPORTS and NECESSARY EMPLOYMENT-Continued.

match, of which record has been kept, is 485, made by A. E. Stoddart, for the Hempstead Club, in England, against the Stoics, in August, 1886.

The latest record of the Inter-City League, up to the beginning of 1893, is as follows: First Round Philadelphia beat Baltimore; Boston beat New York: Pittsburgh beat Detroit. Second Round - Philadelphia beat Boston; Chicago beat Pittsburgh. Championship-Between Philadel phia and Chicago, unplayed.

Cricket ball throwing-384 ft. 10 in., by Ed. Crane, of the A. G. Spalding Base Ball Combination, at Melbourne, Australia, January 5, 1889.

Curling.-In the championship rink match for the Mitchell medal, February 12, 1893, at Yonkers, N. Y., 8 rinks, Yonkers won. G. Frazier, skip.

In the international match for the Gordon Medal, February 11, 1891, in Montreal, two rinks, Canada won. R. Wilson, skip.

Distance Riding.-Nearly 580 miles in 10 days, by Ledo, a Sardinian mare, ridden by Captain Salvi, from Bargamo, Lombardy, to Naples, Italy, arriving October 3, 1878.

Distance Walking.-3,395 miles, walking from San Francisco to New York City, by Zoe Gayton, starting August 27 and arriving March 27, 1891.

Dog Racing.-600 feet in 11 s., by dog, Drake Carter, owned by F. Kilsby, at Buffalo, N. Y., April 24, 1886.

600 feet in 12s., by dog, Clothesline, owned by W. H. Sheaman, near Baltimore, Md., 1887.

Drawing Up Body.-Six times with little finger, and 12 times with one hand, by Andrew Cutter, at Louisville Exposition, September 18, 1878.

29 times, by both arms, by r. S. Clark, at Boston, Mass., December 9, 1876.

Dumbbells.-4-ib. dumbbell put up 6,000 times in 59m. 53s., by Ed. C. Stickney, Lynn, Mass., June 22, 1885.

10-lb. dumbbell put up 8,431 times in 4h. 34m.; not fewer than 25 times per minute, and forearm not dropped lower than the elbow, by H. Pennock, at New York, December 13, 1870

25-lb. dumbbell put up 450 times, one hand shoulder to arm's length above shoulder, by G. W. W. Roche, at San Francisco, Cal., November 25. 1875.

50-lb. dumbbell put up 94 times, one hand, shoulder to arm's length above shoulder, resting several seconds without lowering arm, at the even 60, 70, 80 and 90 times, by Alva A. Hylton, San Francisco, Cal., May 19, 1885.

112b dumbbell raised with one hand from floor and pushed up, one hand, 21 times from shoulder torm's length above shoulder, Stanley Phillips, London, Eng., November 11, 1893.

20 b. 5oz. dumbbell tossed up with both hands front the floor to the shoulder, then pushed up with one hand shoulder to arm's length above shoulder, by R. A. Pennell, New York City, January 31. 1874.

250-lb. bar-bell raised with both hands from floor to arm's length above head. by Eugene Sandow, London, Eng., February 8, 1891.

280-lb. dumbbell tossed up with both hands from the ground to shoulder once, then twice from shoulder to arm's length above shoulder, by C. Reppel, at Vienna, Austria, January 3, 1888.

Fasting.-24 days by 4 men, confined during that time in a mine in England without food, in 1684

40 days by Dr. Tanner, who lived for that time on water, at New York City, in 1880.

50 days by Mary Jane Weidler, an inmate of the Lancaster County (Pa.) Hospital, who lived on water only, and completed her fast on the 11th day of May, 1888.

Fire Engines.-Water thrown 352 ft. 10% in., by Washington Steam Fire Engine and Hook & Ladder Company, No. 7, solid stream, 100 ft. of 24-in. hose, siamesed 50 ft. on each side, 11⁄4in. nozzle, steam pressure, 160 lbs.,and water pres sure over 300lbs.; the steamer being an Amoskeag second-class machine, at Wilmington, Del., July 20, 1889.

Steam made from cold water and solid stream thrown 50 feet in 3m. 5s., by engine No. 2 of the Seattle, Wash., Fire Department, regulation hose, 1%-in. nozzle, 61⁄2 inches of water in boiler. In 4m. after lighting fire threw 91 ft. 9 in.: 5m., 125 ft.; 6m., 137 ft. 9 in.; 11m., 225 ft. engine, Cincinnati, O., second size machine. Hose Company Steamer No. 1. of Framingham, Mass. October 8, 1891, ran 498 ft. in 31 s.,

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laid two lines of hose, 200 ft. in each, putting on two pipes, and getting water through both nozzles. 693 it. in 31s, by Independent Hose Co. with 20 men, at Marietta, O, August 4, 1893, having 400 poun i cart carrying 300 f.. of hose, 200 feet unreeled and laid,besides coupling at engine and hydrant.

2,640 ft. in 2m. 434s.. by Windsor hose team, 12 men laying 300-foot hose, cart weighing 600 lbs., at Halifax, N. S., August 11, 1886.

1,500 ft. run in 40s. by Milles Hook & Ladder Company, 28 men, regulation truck, raising 24-ft. ladder, and man climbing to top of the same, at Yankton, S. D., June 21, 1889.

Football.-The games between the leading Colleges of the United States, for the season of 1895. resulted as follows: Nov. 28. Philadelphia-Univ. of Pa., 46; Oct. 26, Cambridge-Harvard. 25; Nov. 23, New York-Yale 20; Nov, 23, Cambridge-Univ. of Pa., 17; Nov. 27, New Haven-Yale Freshmen. 16: Nov, 2, Princeton-Princeton, 12; Nov, 28, Phila.-Cornell, 2.

Horse Endurance.-In a match with G. Guyon, at Chicago Exposition Building, the horse, Hesing J., made 201 miles in 52 hours, January 9, 10 and 11, 1880.

Horse Jumping.-37 ft. over water, by horse, Chandler, ridden by Captain Broadley, at Leamington, Eng., March 22, 1847.

7 ft. 3 in., made in a high jump, by Filemaker, ridden by Madame Marantette, over bars, at Chicago, Ill., November 20, 1891.

Horse Power is an amount of force that can lift 550 pounds one foot in one second, or 33,000 pounds one foot in one minute

The apparent ease with which horses drag fully loaded street-cars is explained by competent mechanical authority, which claims that on metal rails a horse can draw one and two-third times as much as on asphalt pavement, three and onethird times as much as on good Belgian blocks; five times as much as on ordinary Belgian blocks; seven times as much as on good cobble-stone; 13 times as much as on ordinary cobble-stone; 20 times as much as on an earth road, and 40 times as much as on sand. That, as compared with what a horse can arry on its back, it can draw, on the worst earthen road, three times as much; on a good macadamized road, nine; on a plank. 25 on a stone trackway, 33; and on a good railway, 54 times as much.

Horse Running. Half-mile in 46s., by Geraldine, carrying 122 lbs., at New York Jockey Club, on straight course, August 30, 1889.

1 mile in 1m. 35s., by Salvator, carrying 110 lbs., at Monmouth Park, August 28, 1890.

2 miles in 3m 27s., by Ten Broeck, carrying 110 lbs., at Louisville, May 29, 1887.

3 miles in 5m. 24s., by Drake Carter, carrying 115 lbs., at Sheepshead Bay, September 6, 1884. 4 miles in 7m. 15%s., by Ten Broeck, carrying 104 lbs., at Louisville, September 27, 1876. 4 mile in 1m. 124s, by O'Connell, carry ing 121 pounds in race at Oakley, Cal., July 18, 1895.

Iceboat Sailing.-15 miles in 20m. 40s., made at Redbank, N. J., January 22, 1883.

20 miles in 25m. 488., at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., February 6, 1883.

25 miles in 30m 5s.. at Redbank, N. J., January 26. 1884.

Ice Skating.-1 mile in 2m. 12%s., by T. T. Donoghue, straightaway, with wind, near Newbury, N. Y., February 1, 1887.

5 miles in 15m. 363s., and 10 miles in 35m. 544s.. by J. F. Donoghue, at Newburg. N. Y., February 7, 1891.

20 miles in 1h. 14m. 78.. by A. Paulsen, at Brooklyn, N. Y., February 2, 1884

50 miles in 4h. 13m. 36s., by S. J. Montgomery, at New York City, January 25, 1882.

100 miles in 11h. 37m. 45s., by John Ennis, at Chicago, Ill., January 7. 1879.

400 miles in 138h. 35m.. by E. St. Clair Millard, at Chicago, Ill., February 21-26, 1876.

Jumping.-6 ft. 4 in. made in running high jump, by W. B. Page, at Philadelphia, Pa., October 7, 1887.

23 ft. 6 in. made in running broad jump, by C. B. Fry, without weights, at Oxford, Eng., March 4, 1893.

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5 ft. 1 in. made in standing high jump, by Samuel Crook, without weights, at Worcester, Mass., May 28, 1890.

14 ft. 5 in. made in standing long jump, by G. W. Hamilton, with 22-lb. weights, at Romeo, Mich., October 3, 1879.

240 feet in 10%s., and 300 ft. in 13%s., by S. D. See, at Brooklyn, N. Y., October 15, 1885, was the record in hopping.

127 ft. 10. made in 10 hops and 1 jump, with weights, y J. Humphreys, at Leeds, Eng., August 22, 1885.

48 ft. 8 in. made in a running hop, step and jump, by Thomas Burrows, Worcester, Mass., October 18, 1884.

37 ft.in. made in a standing hop, step and jump, by J. F. Hartnett, with 15-lb. weights, at Lawrence, Mass., May 11, 1889.

33 ft. 5 in. made in a standing jump. step and jump, by W. J. Rockett, without weights, at Dungarvin, Ireland, August 28, 1888.

12 ft. 1 in. made in standing long jump, by J. Darby, without weights, at Dudley, Eng., May 28, 1890.

41 ft. 7 in. made in three standing long jumps, by J. Darby, with weights, at London, Eng., October, 1888.

34 ft. 4 in. made in three standing long jumps, by M. W. Ford, without weights, at Brooklyn, N. Y., April 10, 1885.

6 ft. 4 in. made in running high jump, by W. B. Page, without weights, at Philadelphia, Pa., October 7, 1887.

6 ft. 6 in. made in running high jump, by J. H. Fitzpatrick, with weights, at Oak Island, Mass., August 13, 1889

il ft. 7 in. made in pole vaulting, for height, by E. L. Stones, at Southport, Eng., June 2, 1888. 27 ft. 5 in., made in pole vau ing for distance, by A. H. Green, at Chicago, Ill., September 16, 1893.

7 ft. 3 in. made, in fence vaulting, by C. H. Atkinson, with two hands, at Harvard Gymnasium, at Cambridge, Mass., March 22, 1884.

9 ft. 8 in. made, in a running high kick, by C. C. Lee, at New Haven, Conn., March 19, 1887.

Land Productivity. The average yield, in the United States, from 1880 to 1889, inclusive of the various staple productions, cotton being raised only in the Southern States, was the following per acre:

Barley....21 bu Corn.....14 bu. Potatoes.76 bu⚫ Buckwhe't. 12 bu. Hay..1% tons. Rye......11 bu Cotton...168 lbs. Oats.....26 bu. Wheat...12 bu

Under a high state of cultivation, and on new lands, the yield is higher than here mentioned. Statistics, compiled with reference to the capacity of land to support human beings, give the following: 22 acres of land are needed to sustain a man on flesh meat, while the same area of land under wheat feeds 42 people; under oats, 88 people, under potatoes, Indian corn, or rice, 176 people, and under the plantain or bread tree, 6,000 people.

Loading Cars.-Nine cars loaded with dirt in 17m., 10 cars loaded in 20m., by steam shovel, at Crockett Station, Tenn., October 18, 1887.

Log Sawing.-31s. of time required to saw through a 20-in. hard maple log, having three large knots, by Loomis Bros., at Sylvan, Canada, April 10, 1884.

Mail Throwing.-99.96 per cent correctly distributed, out of 32,195 cards, handling 28 cards a minute, by J. F. Phelps, of the Sedalia & Dennison Post Office; being the best record ever made, winning the gold medal, awarded by General Superintendent White, of the Railway Mail Service, March 16, 1892, to clerk making the best case examination record during the year.

Ocean Steamship Sailing -5d. 7h. 23m., by the Lucania, of the Cunard Line, going 2,778 miles, fro Queenstown to New York, October 21-26, 1894.

5d. 8h. 38m., by the Lucania, of the Cunard Line, going 2.778 miles, from New York to Queenstown, September 8-14, 1894. One day's run by the Lucania, Oct. 5-6, was 645% statute miles. 5d. 14h 24m., by the Paris, of the American Tine, from Queenstown to New York, Oct. 14-19, 1892.

5d. 17h. 8m., by the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, of the North German Lloyd Line, from New York to Southampton, Nov. 23-29, 1897. Distance, 3,075 miles.

6d. 10h. 55m., by the Furst Bismarck, of the Hamburg Line, from New York to Southampton, Sept 21-28, 1893.

6d. 14h. 26m., by the La Touraine, from Havre to New York,July 16-2.1892 Distance, 3,170 miles.

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