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STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION..

NEW SERIES, No. 84

DECEMBER, 1908.

UNIFORMITY AND CO-OPERATION IN THE CENSUS METHODS OF THE REPUBLICS OF THE AMERICAN CONTINENT.*

BY S. N. D. NORTH.

To the United States of America belongs the unique distinction of having inaugurated the decennial census of national population and resources. The census of the population was ordained by the Constitution in 1790, and for every tenth year thereafter, as long as the nation shall endure.

A census was necessary as a basis for Congressional apportionment, and no other reason was assigned for it in the Constitution. But it quickly dawned upon the statesmen of that formative era that apportionment, while an imperatively essential reason for the census, to determine the geographical readjustment of political power in a government founded upon the democratic principle, was only one of many purposes this decennial stock-taking could be made to serve. With successive decades, new lines of enumeration were added,—agriculture in 1820, manufactures in 1840, other inquiries at following decades,-until the census became the periodical inventory of the national resources and the barometer of national development, in every phase and branch,-in human beings first, for the quality and character of its citizenship must always remain the most important national asset; after that the measurement and the differentiation of progress in every field where human energy finds play in the making of a nation. Thus the American census has become as essential, for definite knowledge of our national assets and liabilities, as the periodical book balancing of a business corporation in determining its solvency.

* Address read at the recent Scientific Congress of American Republics at Santiago, Chile.