Bound for Freedom: Black Los Angeles in Jim Crow AmericaUniversity of California Press, 24 Jan 2005 - 485 halaman Paul Bontemps decided to move his family to Los Angeles from Louisiana in 1906 on the day he finally submitted to a strictly enforced Southern custom—he stepped off the sidewalk to allow white men who had just insulted him to pass by. Friends of the Bontemps family, like many others beckoning their loved ones West, had written that Los Angeles was "a city called heaven" for people of color. But just how free was Southern California for African Americans? This splendid history, at once sweeping in its historical reach and intimate in its evocation of everyday life, is the first full account of Los Angeles's black community in the half century before World War II. Filled with moving human drama, it brings alive a time and place largely ignored by historians until now, detailing African American community life and political activism during the city's transformation from small town to sprawling metropolis. Writing with a novelist's sensitivity to language and drawing from fresh historical research, Douglas Flamming takes us from Reconstruction to the Jim Crow era, through the Great Migration, the Roaring Twenties, the Great Depression, and the build-up to World War II. Along the way, he offers rich descriptions of the community and its middle-class leadership, the women who were front and center with men in the battle against racism in the American West. In addition to drawing a vivid portrait of a little-known era, Flamming shows that the history of race in Los Angeles is crucial for our understanding of race in America. The civil rights activism in Los Angeles laid the foundation for critical developments in the second half of the century that continue to influence us to this day. |
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Halaman 4
... moved west , the South remained lodged in their consciousness . They feared the " southernization " of Los Angeles , and they had some cause for concern , because white south- erners were also moving to Los Angeles , and though they ...
... moved west , the South remained lodged in their consciousness . They feared the " southernization " of Los Angeles , and they had some cause for concern , because white south- erners were also moving to Los Angeles , and though they ...
Halaman 5
... moved west than north , so most African American communities out West remained small . World War II and the second Great Migration would bring hundreds of thousands of blacks to the West Coast , but until then most western cities had ...
... moved west than north , so most African American communities out West remained small . World War II and the second Great Migration would bring hundreds of thousands of blacks to the West Coast , but until then most western cities had ...
Halaman 19
... moved west could be that way . They claimed it as a special privilege to leave the past behind and start anew . Of Charlotta Spear's early life , this alone is certain : in September 1910 she arrived in Los Angeles and started getting ...
... moved west could be that way . They claimed it as a special privilege to leave the past behind and start anew . Of Charlotta Spear's early life , this alone is certain : in September 1910 she arrived in Los Angeles and started getting ...
Halaman 22
... moved his household to a camp outside Los Angeles , where he began to pro- cure supplies for the journey ahead . Toby , not wanting to lose Hannah and their two children ( she was pregnant at the time , apparently by him ) , vis- ited ...
... moved his household to a camp outside Los Angeles , where he began to pro- cure supplies for the journey ahead . Toby , not wanting to lose Hannah and their two children ( she was pregnant at the time , apparently by him ) , vis- ited ...
Halaman 23
... moved to San Bernardino to live with Toby , who was able to buy her a home — and as a result almost got killed by local racists . Hannah continued to visit her chil- dren and grandchildren who lived in Los Angeles . ( On one occasion in ...
... moved to San Bernardino to live with Toby , who was able to buy her a home — and as a result almost got killed by local racists . Hannah continued to visit her chil- dren and grandchildren who lived in Los Angeles . ( On one occasion in ...
Isi
33 | |
The Conditions of Heaven | 58 |
Claiming Central Avenue | 90 |
A Civic Engagement | 124 |
Politics and Patriotism | 158 |
Fighting Spirit in the 1920s | 189 |
The Business of Race | 224 |
Surging Down Central Avenue | 257 |
Responding to the Depression | 294 |
Race and New Deal Liberalism | 329 |
Departure | 363 |
Notes | 381 |
Bibliography | 425 |
Index | 437 |
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African Americans Afro-Angelenos Assembly District Atlanta Bagnall Baptist Beavers became black Angelenos black community black leaders black Los Angeles Bois Bontemps branch campaign Central Avenue Central Avenue district Ceruti Charlotta Bass churches city's civil rights colored County covenants Democrats Eagle early Eastside election equal ethnic Mexicans federal fight Fred Roberts Frederick Roberts Garvey geles Hawkins Hotel Hudson Ibid Jim Crow Joe Bass John Somerville Johnson June Klan labor League lived middle class migration moved NAACP national office Negro neighborhoods Neimore newspaper oral history organization Party percent political president Press Race enterprise Race leaders Race papers race prejudice racial racism real estate Republican restrictive covenants Roberts's segregation Shades of L.A. South Southern California Street Thompson tion UNIA union University Urban vote W. E. B. Du Bois Washington West Western Westside William women Woolwine workers wrote York
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Halaman 57 - Sykes took to himself the advice of a sage who told young men to "go west and grow up with the country.