Bound for Freedom: Black Los Angeles in Jim Crow AmericaUniversity of California Press, 24 Jan 2005 - 485 halaman Paul Bontemps decided to move his family to Los Angeles from Louisiana in 1906 on the day he finally submitted to a strictly enforced Southern custom—he stepped off the sidewalk to allow white men who had just insulted him to pass by. Friends of the Bontemps family, like many others beckoning their loved ones West, had written that Los Angeles was "a city called heaven" for people of color. But just how free was Southern California for African Americans? This splendid history, at once sweeping in its historical reach and intimate in its evocation of everyday life, is the first full account of Los Angeles's black community in the half century before World War II. Filled with moving human drama, it brings alive a time and place largely ignored by historians until now, detailing African American community life and political activism during the city's transformation from small town to sprawling metropolis. Writing with a novelist's sensitivity to language and drawing from fresh historical research, Douglas Flamming takes us from Reconstruction to the Jim Crow era, through the Great Migration, the Roaring Twenties, the Great Depression, and the build-up to World War II. Along the way, he offers rich descriptions of the community and its middle-class leadership, the women who were front and center with men in the battle against racism in the American West. In addition to drawing a vivid portrait of a little-known era, Flamming shows that the history of race in Los Angeles is crucial for our understanding of race in America. The civil rights activism in Los Angeles laid the foundation for critical developments in the second half of the century that continue to influence us to this day. |
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... better , more equitable Los Angeles through its support of historical and social scientific research into the nature of the city and its people . In an age of cynicism , it optimistically seeks to fulfill the Haynes family's mission . I ...
... better , more equitable Los Angeles through its support of historical and social scientific research into the nature of the city and its people . In an age of cynicism , it optimistically seeks to fulfill the Haynes family's mission . I ...
Halaman 2
... better there than in the South , and preferable also to what most blacks discovered in the cities of the North . Opportunities for economic advancement , home ownership , and social freedom were readily apparent , but so too were ...
... better there than in the South , and preferable also to what most blacks discovered in the cities of the North . Opportunities for economic advancement , home ownership , and social freedom were readily apparent , but so too were ...
Halaman 3
... better and worse at the same time . Questions of decline and progress remain critical , but they are not the focus of this book . Instead , I tell a story that speaks to our current state of affairs , in which Americans are still deeply ...
... better and worse at the same time . Questions of decline and progress remain critical , but they are not the focus of this book . Instead , I tell a story that speaks to our current state of affairs , in which Americans are still deeply ...
Halaman 4
... better perspective on our own world . Throughout the book I emphasize " the West , " which may seem puzzling , because today's L.A. is a global metropolis that seems detached from the " real " West . The historian Virginia Scharff calls ...
... better perspective on our own world . Throughout the book I emphasize " the West , " which may seem puzzling , because today's L.A. is a global metropolis that seems detached from the " real " West . The historian Virginia Scharff calls ...
Halaman 8
... better class of Negroes , " or as " the educated class , " or " the right sort . " The black middle class contrasted itself with blacks who , for whatever reason , did not share its faith in progress , its insistence on " proper home ...
... better class of Negroes , " or as " the educated class , " or " the right sort . " The black middle class contrasted itself with blacks who , for whatever reason , did not share its faith in progress , its insistence on " proper home ...
Isi
33 | |
The Conditions of Heaven | 58 |
Claiming Central Avenue | 90 |
A Civic Engagement | 124 |
Politics and Patriotism | 158 |
Fighting Spirit in the 1920s | 189 |
The Business of Race | 224 |
Surging Down Central Avenue | 257 |
Responding to the Depression | 294 |
Race and New Deal Liberalism | 329 |
Departure | 363 |
Notes | 381 |
Bibliography | 425 |
Index | 437 |
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African Americans Afro-Angelenos Assembly District Atlanta Bagnall Baptist Beavers became black Angelenos black community black leaders black Los Angeles Bois Bontemps branch campaign Central Avenue Central Avenue district Ceruti Charlotta Bass churches city's civil rights colored County covenants Democrats Eagle early Eastside election equal ethnic Mexicans federal fight Fred Roberts Frederick Roberts Garvey geles Hawkins Hotel Hudson Ibid Jim Crow Joe Bass John Somerville Johnson June Klan labor League lived middle class migration moved NAACP national office Negro neighborhoods Neimore newspaper oral history organization Party percent political president Press Race enterprise Race leaders Race papers race prejudice racial racism real estate Republican restrictive covenants Roberts's segregation Shades of L.A. South Southern California Street Thompson tion UNIA union University Urban vote W. E. B. Du Bois Washington West Western Westside William women Woolwine workers wrote York
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Halaman 57 - Sykes took to himself the advice of a sage who told young men to "go west and grow up with the country.