Bound for Freedom: Black Los Angeles in Jim Crow AmericaUniversity of California Press, 24 Jan 2005 - 485 halaman Paul Bontemps decided to move his family to Los Angeles from Louisiana in 1906 on the day he finally submitted to a strictly enforced Southern custom—he stepped off the sidewalk to allow white men who had just insulted him to pass by. Friends of the Bontemps family, like many others beckoning their loved ones West, had written that Los Angeles was "a city called heaven" for people of color. But just how free was Southern California for African Americans? This splendid history, at once sweeping in its historical reach and intimate in its evocation of everyday life, is the first full account of Los Angeles's black community in the half century before World War II. Filled with moving human drama, it brings alive a time and place largely ignored by historians until now, detailing African American community life and political activism during the city's transformation from small town to sprawling metropolis. Writing with a novelist's sensitivity to language and drawing from fresh historical research, Douglas Flamming takes us from Reconstruction to the Jim Crow era, through the Great Migration, the Roaring Twenties, the Great Depression, and the build-up to World War II. Along the way, he offers rich descriptions of the community and its middle-class leadership, the women who were front and center with men in the battle against racism in the American West. In addition to drawing a vivid portrait of a little-known era, Flamming shows that the history of race in Los Angeles is crucial for our understanding of race in America. The civil rights activism in Los Angeles laid the foundation for critical developments in the second half of the century that continue to influence us to this day. |
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Halaman 7
... activist was a " Race man " or " Race woman . " Black newspapers were " Race papers . " A black person's suc- cess meant " progress for the Race . " The middle class aimed its programs at " Race uplift . " A black - owned business was a ...
... activist was a " Race man " or " Race woman . " Black newspapers were " Race papers . " A black person's suc- cess meant " progress for the Race . " The middle class aimed its programs at " Race uplift . " A black - owned business was a ...
Halaman 11
... activists . What most blacks wanted was equal opportunity — an equal chance to live life to the fullest of one's ambitions and abilities . As one Race paper in Southern Cali- fornia put it , African Americans wanted " a square deal and ...
... activists . What most blacks wanted was equal opportunity — an equal chance to live life to the fullest of one's ambitions and abilities . As one Race paper in Southern Cali- fornia put it , African Americans wanted " a square deal and ...
Halaman 18
... activism in Los Angeles , reveals virtually nothing about her early years . Historians still know very little about her life before she reached Los Angeles , and much of what has been written ,. Map 1. Los Angeles and surrounding cities ...
... activism in Los Angeles , reveals virtually nothing about her early years . Historians still know very little about her life before she reached Los Angeles , and much of what has been written ,. Map 1. Los Angeles and surrounding cities ...
Halaman 26
... activism.14 In addition to the Forum , Charlotta discovered that the black commu- nity had a substantial number of churches ( she would join Second Baptist ) , a growing number of Colored Women's Clubs , home - state social clubs such ...
... activism.14 In addition to the Forum , Charlotta discovered that the black commu- nity had a substantial number of churches ( she would join Second Baptist ) , a growing number of Colored Women's Clubs , home - state social clubs such ...
Halaman 27
... activism , and she embraced the message . Race pa- pers in the West , Neimore said , were the new Underground Railroad , guid- ing blacks from bondage to freedom . But that was not enough , for freedom in the West was becoming , for ...
... activism , and she embraced the message . Race pa- pers in the West , Neimore said , were the new Underground Railroad , guid- ing blacks from bondage to freedom . But that was not enough , for freedom in the West was becoming , for ...
Isi
33 | |
The Conditions of Heaven | 58 |
Claiming Central Avenue | 90 |
A Civic Engagement | 124 |
Politics and Patriotism | 158 |
Fighting Spirit in the 1920s | 189 |
The Business of Race | 224 |
Surging Down Central Avenue | 257 |
Responding to the Depression | 294 |
Race and New Deal Liberalism | 329 |
Departure | 363 |
Notes | 381 |
Bibliography | 425 |
Index | 437 |
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Istilah dan frasa umum
African Americans Afro-Angelenos Assembly District Atlanta Bagnall Baptist Beavers became black Angelenos black community black leaders black Los Angeles Bois Bontemps branch campaign Central Avenue Central Avenue district Ceruti Charlotta Bass churches city's civil rights colored County covenants Democrats Eagle early Eastside election equal ethnic Mexicans federal fight Fred Roberts Frederick Roberts Garvey geles Hawkins Hotel Hudson Ibid Jim Crow Joe Bass John Somerville Johnson June Klan labor League lived middle class migration moved NAACP national office Negro neighborhoods Neimore newspaper oral history organization Party percent political president Press Race enterprise Race leaders Race papers race prejudice racial racism real estate Republican restrictive covenants Roberts's segregation Shades of L.A. South Southern California Street Thompson tion UNIA union University Urban vote W. E. B. Du Bois Washington West Western Westside William women Woolwine workers wrote York
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Halaman 57 - Sykes took to himself the advice of a sage who told young men to "go west and grow up with the country.